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Atmospheric Convection Research And Operational Forecasting Aspects
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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Convection: Research and Operational Forecasting Aspects by : Dario B. Giaiotti
Download or read book Atmospheric Convection: Research and Operational Forecasting Aspects written by Dario B. Giaiotti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book treats atmospheric convection from different angles including the theoretical aspects of atmospheric deep convection and the weather phenomena related to convection. The problem of boundary conditions that result in severe convective weather patterns is explored within the framework of worldwide climatology. The book bridges the gap between theory and its operational application both within the fields of weather forecasting and that of risk management.
Book Synopsis Parameterization Of Atmospheric Convection (In 2 Volumes) by : Robert S Plant
Download or read book Parameterization Of Atmospheric Convection (In 2 Volumes) written by Robert S Plant and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-21 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precipitating atmospheric convection is fundamental to the Earth's weather and climate. It plays a leading role in the heat, moisture and momentum budgets. Appropriate modelling of convection is thus a prerequisite for reliable numerical weather prediction and climate modelling. The current standard approach is to represent it by subgrid-scale convection parameterization.Parameterization of Atmospheric Convection provides, for the first time, a comprehensive presentation of this important topic. The two-volume set equips readers with a firm grasp of the wide range of important issues, and thorough coverage is given of both the theoretical and practical aspects. This makes the parameterization problem accessible to a wider range of scientists than before. At the same time, by providing a solid bottom-up presentation of convection parameterization, this set is the definitive reference point for atmospheric scientists and modellers working on such problems.Volume 1 of this two-volume set focuses on the basic principles: introductions to atmospheric convection and tropical dynamics, explanations and discussions of key parameterization concepts, and a thorough and critical exploration of the mass-flux parameterization framework, which underlies the methods currently used in almost all operational models and at major climate modelling centres. Volume 2 focuses on the practice, which also leads to some more advanced fundamental issues. It includes: perspectives on operational implementations and model performance, tailored verification approaches, the role and representation of cloud microphysics, alternative parameterization approaches, stochasticity, criticality, and symmetry constraints.
Author :Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309517656 Total Pages :424 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Sciences by : Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Download or read book The Atmospheric Sciences written by Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisions--what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplines--physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate change--and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather by : Dr. Stephen H. Schneider
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather written by Dr. Stephen H. Schneider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume A-to-Z compendium consists of over 300 entries written by a team of leading international scholars and researchers working in the field. Authoritative and up-to-date, the encyclopedia covers the processes that produce our weather, important scientific concepts, the history of ideas underlying the atmospheric sciences, biographical accounts of those who have made significant contributions to climatology and meteorology and particular weather events, from extreme tropical cyclones and tornadoes to local winds.
Book Synopsis Without Bounds: A Scientific Canvas of Nonlinearity and Complex Dynamics by : Ramon G. Rubio
Download or read book Without Bounds: A Scientific Canvas of Nonlinearity and Complex Dynamics written by Ramon G. Rubio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together over fifty contributions on all aspects of nonlinear and complex dynamics, this impressive topical collection is both a scientific and personal tribute, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, by many outstanding colleagues in the broad fields of research pursued by Prof. Manuel G Velarde. The topics selected reflect the research areas covered by the famous Instituto Pluridisciplinar at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, which he co-founded over two decades ago, and include: fluid physics and related nonlinear phenomena at interfaces and in other geometries, wetting and spreading dynamics, geophysical and astrophysical flows, and novel aspects of electronic transport in anharmonic lattices, as well as topics in neurodynamics and robotics.
Book Synopsis A Numerical Forecasting Model for Operational Use in the Tropics by : Louis Berkofsky
Download or read book A Numerical Forecasting Model for Operational Use in the Tropics written by Louis Berkofsky and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present study, the author derives the equations for a model for operational forecasting in the tropics. A vertically integrated boundary layer model is used, together with a multilevel free air model, and and it is assumed that their interface represents cumulus cloud bases. Whenever the model predicts the existence of cumulus clouds (conditional instability, saturation, upward vertical velocity at the top of the boundary layer), a system of cloud equations is solved in order to calculate the latent heating, evaporation, and divergence of eddy heat flux effects on the free air motions.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction and Predictability by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction and Predictability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy resources, amongst other activities; however, current forecast systems have limited ability on these time- scales. Models for such climate forecasts must take into account complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land surface. Such processes can be difficult to represent realistically. To improve the quality of forecasts, this book makes recommendations about the development of the tools used in forecasting and about specific research goals for improving understanding of sources of predictability. To improve the accessibility of these forecasts to decision-makers and researchers, this book also suggests best practices to improve how forecasts are made and disseminated.
Book Synopsis Severe Convective Storms by : Charles Doswell
Download or read book Severe Convective Storms written by Charles Doswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly illustrated book is a collection of 13 review papers focusing on convective storms and the weather they produce. It discusses severe convective storms, mesoscale processes, tornadoes and tornadic storms, severe local storms, flash flood forecast and the electrification of severe storms.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309388805 Total Pages :351 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Next Generation Earth System Prediction by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Next Generation Earth System Prediction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Book Synopsis Improving the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems Through Advancing the Ensemble Data Assimilation of Geostationary Satellite Infrared Radiance Observations by : Man Yau Chan
Download or read book Improving the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems Through Advancing the Ensemble Data Assimilation of Geostationary Satellite Infrared Radiance Observations written by Man Yau Chan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of modern geostationary satellite infrared (IR) imagery has ushered in a new era in atmospheric observations. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made towards improving the forecasts of tropical cyclones and mid-latitude weather by the ensemble data assimilation (DA) of these IR observations. However, there is comparatively little work on assimilating these observations to improve the analysis and forecast of tropcial mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Because these systems are the primary source of rainfall over the Tropics and influence global weather and climate, it is essential to accurately predict these systems. As such, the ultimate goal of my dissertation research is to improve the analysis and forecast of tropical MCSs through assimilating geostationary infrared radiance (GeoIR) observations.\\ My dissertation research has two aspects: 1) demonstrating the impacts of GeoIR ensemble DA on the analysis and forecast of tropical MCSs, and 2) devising a new computationally efficient ensemble DA algorithm to better exploit GeoIR observations. To demonstrate aspect 1, I start with assimilating real GeoIR water vapor channel brightness temperature (WV-BT) observations from the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite in a tropical squall line case over the Sumatra-Malaysia-Borneo region. The ensemble DA is executed through the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania State University Ensemble Kalman Filter (PSU-EnKF) system. Relative to a control experiment where only in-situ and satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are assimilated, the inclusion of WV-BT observations has been found to improve the analysis and forecast of the tropical squall line. Specifically, the analyses' squall line outflow positions and the analysis and forecast of the squall line's clouds were improved. These improvements scale with the frequency of GeoIR DA.\\ Since no MCS-resolving tropical reanalysis product currently exist over the Maritime Continent and GeoIR DA has demonstrated positive impacts in my tropical squall case, I have created a high-resolution tropical MCS reanalysis (TMeCSR). This is done by combining an ensemble of MCS-resolving model runs (9-km horizontal grid spacing), in-situ observations, AMV observations and WV-BT observations through the PSU-EnKF. To further enhance the TMeCSR, I have also introduced large-scale information from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5). The TMeCSR is available during June, July and August of 2017, and spans a region covering most of the tropical Indian Ocean, most of continental Asia, the Maritime Continent, and the West Pacific. \\ Comparisons of TMeCSR and ERA5 against independent satellite retrievals indicate that TMeCSR's cloud and multiscale rain fields are better than those of ERA5. Furthermore, TMeCSR better captures the diurnal variability of rainfall and the statistical characteristics of MCSs. Forecasts that are initialized from TMeCSR also have more accurate rain and clouds than those that are initialized from ERA5. The TMeCSR and ERA5 forecasts have similar performances with respect to sounding and surface observations. These results indicate that TMeCSR is a promising MCS-resolving dataset for tropical MCS studies.\\ The second aspect of my dissertation research is to create a new computationally efficient ensemble DA algorithm: the bi-Gaussian ensemble Kalman filter (BGEnKF). The BGEnKF is motivated by the differences in the atmospheric dynamics, and thus the statistics, of clear atmospheric columns and cloudy atmospheric columns. Unlike the EnKF, which does not distinguish the differences between these two types of columns, the BGEnKF explicitly treats clear atmospheric columns separately from cloudy atmospheric columns. Furthermore, unlike earlier formulations in the literature\footnote{Note that the BGEnKF is a two-kernel form of Gaussian mixture model EnKFs (GMM-EnKFs). As such, the ``earlier formulations'' reference here are really earlier formulations of GMM-EnKFs.}, my formulation is computationally efficient and does not require laborous derivations and programming concerning stochastic subspaces.\\ To examine the advantages of my BGEnKF over the EnKF, I have implemented the BGEnKF into the PSU-EnKF system and have performed observing systems simulation experiments (OSSEs) using a case of tropical convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. This case occurred during the onset of the October 2011 Madden-Julian Oscillation event. Only synthetic infrared window channel brightness temperatures (Window-BT) from the Meteorological Satellite 7 are assimilated. My results indicate that the BGEnKF outperforms the EnKF in this semi-idealized setting. These performance advantages are found in the horizontal wind vector components, temperature, specific humidity and WV-BT fields. \\ My OSSE tests with the BGEnKF are among the first to test a Gaussian mixture model EnKF (GMM-EnKF) with a realistic weather model. The encouraging results motivate further testing and development of the BGEnKF algorithm. If the BGEnKF consistently outperforms the EnKF at assimilating GeoIR observations, the BGEnKF will replace the EnKF in operational weather forecasting systems in the future.
Book Synopsis Parameterization of Cumulus Convection for Inclusion in a Tropical Operational Forecasting Model by : Louis Berkofsky
Download or read book Parameterization of Cumulus Convection for Inclusion in a Tropical Operational Forecasting Model written by Louis Berkofsky and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equations for large-scale tropical flow, when averaged horizontally over a region large enough to contain an ensemble of clouds, include terms which represent the vertical convergence of the vertical eddy transport of sensible heat and of moisture. By assuming that these convergences are related to cumulus convection, the effect of an assumed population of cumulus clouds may be introduced into the large-scale model. The magnitude of the cumulus cloud effects must then be obtained from a cloud model, using predicted environmental parameters as input. In this investigation, the clouds are represented by a steady state plume model. Preliminary results, using assumed environmental parameters, are presented. (Author).
Book Synopsis Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction by : Andrew Robertson
Download or read book Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction written by Andrew Robertson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting: Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners across the range of disciplines involved in the science, modeling, forecasting and application of this new frontier in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction. It provides an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the scientific principles and sources of predictability through the unique challenges of numerical simulation and forecasting with state-of-science modeling codes and supercomputers. Additional coverage includes the prospects for developing applications to trigger early action decisions to lessen weather catastrophes, minimize costly damage, and optimize operator decisions. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The introduction and conclusion, written by the co-editors, provides historical perspective, unique synthesis and prospects, and emerging opportunities in this exciting, complex and interdisciplinary field. Contains contributed chapters from leaders and experts in sub-seasonal to seasonal science, forecasting and applications Provides a one-stop shop for graduate students, academic and applied researchers, and practitioners in an emerging and interdisciplinary field Offers a synthesis of the state of S2S science through the use of concrete examples, enabling potential users of S2S forecasts to quickly grasp the potential for application in their own decision-making Includes a broad set of topics, illustrated with graphic examples, that highlight interdisciplinary linkages
Book Synopsis Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting by : Peter Ray
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting written by Peter Ray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of selected lectures presented at the ‘Intensive Course on Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting’ in Boulder, USA, in 1984. It includes mesoscale classifications, observing techniques and systems, internally generated circulations, mesoscale convective systems, externally forced circulations, modeling and short-range forecasting techniques. This is a highly illustrated book and comprehensive work, including extensive bibliographic references. It is aimed at graduates in meteorology and for professionals working in the field.
Book Synopsis Urban Meteorology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Urban Meteorology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments.
Book Synopsis The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection by : R.K. Smith
Download or read book The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection written by R.K. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date summary of our understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics of moist atmospheric convection, with a strong focus on recent developments in the field. The book also reviews ways in which moist convection may be parameterised in large-scale numerical models - a field in which there is still some controversy - and discusses the implications of convection for large-scale flow. Audience: The book is aimed at the graduate level and research meteorologists as well as scientists in other disciplines who need to know more about moist convection and its representation in numerical models.
Book Synopsis Aviation Turbulence by : Robert Sharman
Download or read book Aviation Turbulence written by Robert Sharman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-27 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone who has experienced turbulence in flight knows that it is usually not pleasant, and may wonder why this is so difficult to avoid. The book includes papers by various aviation turbulence researchers and provides background into the nature and causes of atmospheric turbulence that affect aircraft motion, and contains surveys of the latest techniques for remote and in situ sensing and forecasting of the turbulence phenomenon. It provides updates on the state-of-the-art research since earlier studies in the 1960s on clear-air turbulence, explains recent new understanding into turbulence generation by thunderstorms, and summarizes future challenges in turbulence prediction and avoidance.
Book Synopsis Slantwise Convection by : Ting-Chen Chen
Download or read book Slantwise Convection written by Ting-Chen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The representation of atmospheric convection is one of the most critical problems in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and general circulation models (GCMs). While this issue has been an active research area for decades, a specific type of convection, slantwise convection, has received considerably less attention than its more common counterpart, upright convection. Slantwise convection results from the release of conditional symmetric instability (CSI), which can exist in a conditionally (vertically) stable environment. Therefore, the neglect may induce uncertainties in the weather and climate forecasts because the characteristic width scale of slantwise convection (~50 km) may not be entirely grid-resolvable, and most current operational convective parameterization schemes ignore slantwise convection. With an ultimate goal of filling in the gap related to slantwise convection representation in the NWP and GCMs, this Ph.D. thesis investigates three fundamental aspects of slantwise convection: climatology, explicit representation at varying model grid spacing, and parameterization.The first step of this project is to assess the importance of slantwise convection from a climatological perspective using long-term global reanalysis data. Consistent with past observational studies, slantwise convection is statistically favored the most in winter over the westernmost oceanic regions where strong vertical wind shear and midlatitude storms prevail. The probability of potential slantwise convection occurrence within cyclones increases with the concurrent intensification rate of the storm, e.g., 30% for averaged and 57% for rapidly-intensifying cyclones, respectively. The release of slantwise convective available potential energy (SCAPE) also coincides with the sharp deepening phase in the life cycle of explosive cyclones.In the second part of the study, we investigate the sensitivity of slantwise convection to horizontal grid resolution under a 2D idealized framework. An in-line retrieval tool for momentum budget analysis is implemented and utilized in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to aid the physical interpretation of simulated results with horizontal grid spacing (dy) varying between 1 and 40 km. It is found that the large-scale impacts associated with slantwise convection, such as the precipitation, vertical momentum transport, and SCAPE evolutions, converge numerically when dy is reduced to ≤ 5 km. Dynamically, 5 km is needed to realistically release the small-scale conditional instabilities embedded in the mesoscale slantwise updraft as they can energize the circulation and enhance the large-scale CSI neutralization.Finally, given the climatological importance of slantwise convection and that the associated critical features may not be adequately represented in large-scale models, a parameterization scheme for slantwise convection is implemented in WRF. The performance of the scheme is tested first for the 2D idealized setup in the second part of the study, and its application in a real-data case that exhibited potential for slantwise convection is showcased. The scheme helps to improve the quantitative precipitation forecast for both cases. Comparing the coarse-gridded simulations (dy = 40 km) with and without the additional slantwise convection parameterization scheme, the former exhibits a larger extent of CSI neutralization, generating stronger grid-resolved updrafts and producing greater amounts of precipitation, all in better agreement with the fine-gridded reference simulations"--
