Astronomical Cuneiform Texts Vol 2

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Astronomical Cuneiform Texts

Author : O. Neugebauer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461255074
Total Pages : 829 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Astronomical Cuneiform Texts by : O. Neugebauer

Download or read book Astronomical Cuneiform Texts written by O. Neugebauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE MOON IX PREFACE TO THE SPRINGER EDITION When this collection of Babylonian astronomical purpose of column of the lunar ephemerides (by texts was published in 1955 (a date omitted by Aaboe) and the explanation of the method of computing the eclipse text ACT No. 6o (by Hamilton mistake from the title page), it contained all texts of this type that I could lay my hands on. As was to be and Aaboe). Some of these advances I have tried to incorporate into my History of Ancient Mathematical expected, the past 25 years provided more fragments, identified by A. Sachs and A. Aaboe in the British Astronomy (1975), which should be used as a guide to Museum and listed below. Also, some new joins the more recent literature. could be made and some errors of mine corrected. My sincerest thanks go to Springer-Verlag for Nevertheless, I think one still can consider the making this work again available to students of material of 1955 to be representative of what has been ancient astronomy. The Institute for Advanced preserved of the mathematical astronomy of the Study, which together with Brown University has Seleucid period. supported my work for more than four decades, has In the meantime, far more progress has been made graciously given its permission for this reprint. in our understanding of Babylonian astronomy, mainly by the publications of Aaboe, Hamilton, Maeyama, Sachs, van der Waerden, and others. As an Princeton 0.

Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millenium B.C.

Download Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millenium B.C. PDF Online Free

Author : Ira Spar
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 1575063271
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millenium B.C. by : Ira Spar

Download or read book Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millenium B.C. written by Ira Spar and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated work is the final volume of the CTMMA series and completes the publication of all the cuneiform-inscribed tablets and inscriptions (excluding those on sculptures, reliefs, and seals) in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Published are 183 texts that include 154 cuneiform tablets and tablet fragments, one inscribed clay bulla, fourteen clay cylinders, five clay prisms, and four stone inscriptions. Economic and Administrative texts are from Sippar, Babylon, Kish, Dilbat, Nippur, Drehem, Uruk, and other sites in Babylonia and ancient Iran. First millennium B.C. royal inscriptions date to the reigns of Ashurnasirpal, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal, Nebuchadnezzar, and Nabonidus. The texts are organized in five parts: Part One contains Neo- and Late Babylonian economic and administrative tablets and fragments from the archives of the Ebabbar temple in Sippar. Part Two includes Neo- and Late Babylonian period economic and administrative tablets from Babylonia and other sites. Part Three includes Late Babylonian administrative and archival tablets from Babylon. Part Four contains royal and non-royal brick, stone, bulla, cylinder, and prism inscriptions from the second and first millennia B.C. A final section (Part Five) includes three proto-cuneiform archaic tablets and two Ur III administrative tablets. Professors Ira Spar (Professor of Ancient Studies at Ramapo College of New Jersey and Research Assyriologist at The Metropolitan Museum of Art) and Michael Jursa (University Professor of Assyriology, University of Vienna) were assisted by a team of distinguished scholars and conservators who provided valuable insights into the preparation of scholarly editions of the texts, seal impressions, and technical analysis published in this volume. Ira Spar hand copied and made facsimile drawings of the Museum’s texts with the assistance of Charles H. Wood. Jo Ann Wood-Brown and Charles H. Wood prepared drawings of seal impressions and divine symbols. This four-volume series of publications reaffirms the Museum’s ongoing commitment to promoting wider knowledge of ancient Near Eastern civilizations. Volume one documents 120 tablets, cones, and bricks from the third and second millennia B.C. Volume two publishes 106 religious, scientific, scholastic, and literary texts written in Akkadian and Sumerian that primarily date to the later part of the first millennium B.C. Volume three includes 164 private archival texts and fragments from the first millennium B.C. 442 pages, 174 plates, including drawings of 183 texts and photographs of selected tablets.

Wrestling with Nature

Author : Peter Harrison
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226317838
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Wrestling with Nature by : Peter Harrison

Download or read book Wrestling with Nature written by Peter Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and where did science begin? Historians have offered different answers to these questions, some pointing to Babylonian observational astronomy, some to the speculations of natural philosophers of ancient Greece. Others have opted for early modern Europe, which saw the triumph of Copernicanism and the birth of experimental science, while yet another view is that the appearance of science was postponed until the nineteenth century. Rather than posit a modern definition of science and search for evidence of it in the past, the contributors to Wrestling with Nature examine how students of nature themselves, in various cultures and periods of history, have understood and represented their work. The aim of each chapter is to explain the content, goals, methods, practices, and institutions associated with the investigation of nature and to articulate the strengths, limitations, and boundaries of these efforts from the perspective of the researchers themselves. With contributions from experts representing different historical periods and different disciplinary specializations, this volume offers a fresh perspective on the history of science and on what it meant, in other times and places, to wrestle with nature.

Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy: Procedure Texts

Author : Mathieu Ossendrijver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461437822
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy: Procedure Texts by : Mathieu Ossendrijver

Download or read book Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy: Procedure Texts written by Mathieu Ossendrijver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains new translations and a new analysis of the procedure texts of Babylonian mathematical astronomy, the earliest known form of mathematical astronomy of the ancient world. The translations are based on a modern approach incorporating recent insights from Assyriology and translation science. The work contains updated and expanded interpretations of the astronomical algorithms and investigations of previously ignored linguistic, mathematical and other aspects of the procedure texts. Special attention is paid to issues of mathematical representation and over 100 photos of cuneiform tablets dating from 350-50 BCE are presented. In 2-3 years, the author intends to continue his study of Babylonian mathematical astronomy with a new publication which will contain new editions and reconstructions of approx. 250 tabular texts and a new philological, astronomical and mathematical analysis of these texts. Tabular texts are end products of Babylonian math astronomy, computed with algorithms that are formulated in the present volume, Procedure Texts.

Ibn al-Haytham’s Completion of the Conics

Author : J.P. Hogendijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147574059X
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Ibn al-Haytham’s Completion of the Conics by : J.P. Hogendijk

Download or read book Ibn al-Haytham’s Completion of the Conics written by J.P. Hogendijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arabian text with English translation and commentary

Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Author : Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 2503509274
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art by : Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)

Download or read book Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art written by Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 1988 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume One: 120 ancient Mesopotamian texts from the Metropolitan Museum's extensive collection of cuneiform tablets are published here in a projected multi-volume edition. -- Metropolitan Museum of Art website.

Ve-’Ed Ya‘aleh (Gen 2

Author : Peter Machinist
Publisher : SBL Press
ISBN 13 : 0884145379
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Ve-’Ed Ya‘aleh (Gen 2 by : Peter Machinist

Download or read book Ve-’Ed Ya‘aleh (Gen 2 written by Peter Machinist and published by SBL Press. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixty-six colleagues, friends, and former students of Edward L. Greenstein present essays honoring him upon his retirement. Throughout Greenstein's half-century career he demonstrated expertise in a host of areas astonishing in its breadth and depth, and each of the essays in these two volumes focuses on an area of particular interest to him. Volume 1 includes essays on ancient Near Eastern studies, Biblical Hebrew and Northwest Semitic languages, and biblical law and narrative. Volume 2 includes essays on biblical wisdom and poetry, biblical reception and exegesis, and postmodern readings of the Bible.

Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus

Author : N.M. Swerdlow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461382629
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus by : N.M. Swerdlow

Download or read book Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus written by N.M. Swerdlow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I first laid out the framework for A History of Ancient Mathe matical Astronomy, I intended to carry the discussion down to the last applications of Greek astronomical methodology, i. e. Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler. But as the work proceeded, it became evident that this plan was much too ambitious, and so I decided to terminate my History with late antiquity, well before Islam. Nevertheless, I did not discard the running commentary that I had prepared when studying De revolutionibus in its relation to the methodology of the Almagest. Only recently, E. S. Kennedy and his collaborators had opened access to the" Maragha School" (mainly Ibn ash-Shalir), revealing close parallels to Copernicus's procedures. Accordingly, it seemed useful to make available a modern analysis of De revolutionibus, and thus in 1975 I prepared for publication "Notes on Copernicus. " In the meantime, however, Noel Swerdlow, also starting from Greek astronomy, not only extended his work into a deep analysis of De revolu tionibus, but also systematically investigated its sources and predecessors (Peurbach, Regiomontanus, etc. ). I was aware of these studies through his publications as well as from numerous conversations on the subject at The Institute for Advanced Study and at Brown University. It became clear to me that my own investigations lay at too superficial a level, and I therefore withdrew my manuscript and suggested to Swerdlow that he undertake a thoroughgoing revision and amplification of my "Notes. " His acceptance of my proposal initiated the present publication.

Kepler’s Physical Astronomy

Author : Bruce Stephenson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146138737X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Kepler’s Physical Astronomy by : Bruce Stephenson

Download or read book Kepler’s Physical Astronomy written by Bruce Stephenson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kepler's Physical Astronomy is an account of Kepler's reformulation of astronomy as a physical science, and of his successful use of (incorrect) physics as a guide in his astronomical discoveries. It presents the only reliable account of the internal logic of Kepler's so-called first and second laws, showing how and to what extent Kepler thought he had derived them from his physical principles. It explains for the first time Kepler's attempt to use an obscure discovery of Tycho Brahe to unify and confirm all of his own physical theories. It also describes the intricate (and neglected) theory which Kepler developed to account for the additional anomalies needed for the theory of the moon.

Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon

Author : T. Boiy
Publisher : Peeters Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9789042914490
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon by : T. Boiy

Download or read book Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon written by T. Boiy and published by Peeters Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents the famous city of Babylon in its latest phase of occupation: from the end of the Achaemenid period (second half of the fourth century B.C.), during the reign of Alexander, the Successors, the Seleucid and Arsacid dynasty until the very end of cuneiform literature and other historical sources (around third-fourth century AD). It contains first of all a survey of the available Classical and Oriental sources (chapter 1), a topography of the city (chapter 2), an overview of political events and Babylon's role in the Empire (chapter 3). Furthermore Babylon's institutions (chapter 4), its social and economic (chapter 5), religious (chapter 6) and cultural (chapter 7) life are discussed. Finally, Babylon's legacy and its significance for later cultures appears in chapter 8.

Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī cilm al-hay’a)

Author : F.J. Ragep
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475722419
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī cilm al-hay’a) by : F.J. Ragep

Download or read book Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī cilm al-hay’a) written by F.J. Ragep and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I was introduced to Tiisi: and his Tadhkira some 19 years ago. That first meeting was neither happy nor auspicious. My graduate student notes from the time indicate a certain level of confusion and frustration; I seem to have had trouble with such words as tadwlr (epicycle), which was not to be found in my standard dictionary, and with the concept of solid-sphere astronomy, which, when found, was pooh-poohed in the standard sources. I had another, even more decisive reaction: boredom. Only the end of the term brought relief, and I was grateful to be on to other, more exciting aspects of the history of science. A few years later, I found myself, thanks to fellowships from Fulbright-Hays and the American Research Center in Egypt, happily immersed in the manu script collections of Damascus, Aleppo, and Cairo. Though I had intended to work on a topic in the history of mathematics, I was drawn, perhaps inevitably, to a certain type of astronomical writing falling under the rubric of hay' a. At first this fascination was based on sheer numbers; that so many medieval scientists could have written on such a subject must mean something, I told myself. (I was in a sociological mode at the time.

Astronomical Cuneiform Texts

Author : Otto Neugebauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Astronomical Cuneiform Texts by : Otto Neugebauer

Download or read book Astronomical Cuneiform Texts written by Otto Neugebauer and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Gentile Times Reconsidered

Author : Carl Olof Jonsson
Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1039110827
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gentile Times Reconsidered by : Carl Olof Jonsson

Download or read book The Gentile Times Reconsidered written by Carl Olof Jonsson and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gentile Times Reconsidered, by Swedish author Carl Olof Jonsson, is a scholarly treatise based on careful and extensive research, including an unusually detailed study of Assyrian and Babylonian records relative to the date of Jerusalem’s destruction by Babylonian conqueror, Nebuchadnezzar. The publication traces the history of a long string of interpretation theories connected with time prophecies extracted from the Bible books of Daniel and Revelation, beginning with those from Judaism in the early centuries, through Medieval Catholicism, the Reformers, and into nineteenth century British and American Protestantism. It reveals the actual origin of the interpretation which eventually produced the date of 1914 as a predicted year for the end of “the Gentile Times,” a date adopted and proclaimed worldwide to this day by the religious movement known as Jehovah’s Witnesses. The importance of this date for the exclusive claims of the movement is repeatedly stressed in its publications. The Watchtower of October 15, 1990, for example, states on page 19: “For 38 years prior to 1914, the Bible Students, as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then called, pointed to that date as the year when the Gentile Times would end. What outstanding proof that is that they were true servants of Jehovah!” The book contains a helpful discussion of the application of the Biblical prophecy regarding the “seventy years” of Babylonian domination of Judah. Readers will find the information refreshingly different from any other publication on this topic.

Apollonius: Conics Books V to VII

Author : Gerald J. Toomer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461389852
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Apollonius: Conics Books V to VII by : Gerald J. Toomer

Download or read book Apollonius: Conics Books V to VII written by Gerald J. Toomer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the publication of this book I discharge a debt which our era has long owed to the memory of a great mathematician of antiquity: to pub lish the /llost books" of the Conics of Apollonius in the form which is the closest we have to the original, the Arabic version of the Banu Musil. Un til now this has been accessible only in Halley's Latin translation of 1710 (and translations into other languages entirely dependent on that). While I yield to none in my admiration for Halley's edition of the Conics, it is far from satisfying the requirements of modern scholarship. In particular, it does not contain the Arabic text. I hope that the present edition will not only remedy those deficiencies, but will also serve as a foundation for the study of the influence of the Conics in the medieval Islamic world. I acknowledge with gratitude the help of a number of institutions and people. The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, by the award of one of its Fellowships for 1985-86, enabled me to devote an unbroken year to this project, and to consult essential material in the Bodleian Li brary, Oxford, and the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Corpus Christi Col lege, Cambridge, appointed me to a Visiting Fellowship in Trinity Term, 1988, which allowed me to make good use of the rich resources of both the University Library, Cambridge, and the Bodleian Library.

The Exact Sciences in Antiquity

Author : Otto Neugebauer
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780486223322
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (233 download)

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Book Synopsis The Exact Sciences in Antiquity by : Otto Neugebauer

Download or read book The Exact Sciences in Antiquity written by Otto Neugebauer and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1969-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a series of lectures delivered at Cornell University in the fall of 1949, and since revised, this is the standard non-technical coverage of Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics and astronomy, and their transmission to the Hellenistic world. Entirely modern in its data and conclusions, it reveals the surprising sophistication of certain areas of early science, particularly Babylonian mathematics. After a discussion of the number systems used in the ancient Near East (contrasting the Egyptian method of additive computations with unit fractions and Babylonian place values), Dr. Neugebauer covers Babylonian tables for numerical computation, approximations of the square root of 2 (with implications that the Pythagorean Theorem was known more than a thousand years before Pythagoras), Pythagorean numbers, quadratic equations with two unknowns, special cases of logarithms and various other algebraic and geometric cases. Babylonian strength in algebraic and numerical work reveals a level of mathematical development in many aspects comparable to the mathematics of the early Renaissance in Europe. This is in contrast to the relatively primitive Egyptian mathematics. In the realm of astronomy, too, Dr. Neugebauer describes an unexpected sophistication, which is interpreted less as the result of millennia of observations (as used to be the interpretation) than as a competent mathematical apparatus. The transmission of this early science and its further development in Hellenistic times is also described. An Appendix discusses certain aspects of Greek astronomy and the indebtedness of the Copernican system to Ptolemaic and Islamic methods. Dr. Neugebauer has long enjoyed an international reputation as one of the foremost workers in the area of premodern science. Many of his discoveries have revolutionized earlier understandings. In this volume he presents a non-technical survey, with much material unique on this level, which can be read with great profit by all interested in the history of science or history of culture. 14 plates. 52 figures.

Before Nature

Author : Francesca Rochberg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022675958X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Before Nature by : Francesca Rochberg

Download or read book Before Nature written by Francesca Rochberg and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern West, we take for granted that what we call the “natural world” confronts us all and always has—but Before Nature explores that almost unimaginable time when there was no such conception of “nature”—no word, reference, or sense for it. Before the concept of nature formed over the long history of European philosophy and science, our ancestors in ancient Assyria and Babylonia developed an inquiry into the world in a way that is kindred to our modern science. With Before Nature, Francesca Rochberg explores that Assyro-Babylonian knowledge tradition and shows how it relates to the entire history of science. From a modern, Western perspective, a world not conceived somehow within the framework of physical nature is difficult—if not impossible—to imagine. Yet, as Rochberg lays out, ancient investigations of regularity and irregularity, norms and anomalies clearly established an axis of knowledge between the knower and an intelligible, ordered world. Rochberg is the first scholar to make a case for how exactly we can understand cuneiform knowledge, observation, prediction, and explanation in relation to science—without recourse to later ideas of nature. Systematically examining the whole of Mesopotamian science with a distinctive historical and methodological approach, Before Nature will open up surprising new pathways for studying the history of science.

Brook Taylor’s Work on Linear Perspective

Author : Kirsti Andersen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461209358
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Brook Taylor’s Work on Linear Perspective by : Kirsti Andersen

Download or read book Brook Taylor’s Work on Linear Perspective written by Kirsti Andersen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to make accessible the two important but rare works of Brook Taylor and to describe his role in the history of linear perspective. Taylor's works, Linear Perspective and New Principles on Linear Perspective, are among the most important sources in the history of the theory of perspective. This text focuses on two aspects of this history. The first is the development, starting in the beginning of the 17th century, of a mathematical theory of perspective where gifted mathematicians used their creativity to solve basic problems of perspective and simultaneously were inspired to consider more general problems in the projective geometry. Taylor was one of the key figures in this development. The second aspect concerns the problem of transmitting the knowledge gained by mathematicians to the practitioners. Although Taylor's books were mathematical rather than challenging, he was the first mathematician to succeed in making the practitioners interested in teaching the theoretical foundation of perspective. He became so important in the development that he was named "the father of modern perspective" in England. The English school of Taylor followers contained among others the painter John Kirby and Joseph Highmore and the scientist Joseph Priestley. After its translation to Italian and French in the 1750s, Taylor's work became popular on the continent.