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Assessment Of Drinking Water Quality And Determinants Of Household Potable Water Consumption In Simada District Ethiopia
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Book Synopsis Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Determinants of Household Potable Water Consumption in Simada District, Ethiopia by : Meseret Belachev Addisie
Download or read book Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Determinants of Household Potable Water Consumption in Simada District, Ethiopia written by Meseret Belachev Addisie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Physical Quality of Drinking Water at Guduru District, Western Ethiopia by : Workina Geleta
Download or read book Assessment of Physical Quality of Drinking Water at Guduru District, Western Ethiopia written by Workina Geleta and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Environmental Studies, grade: A, Haramaya University (University), course: Physics, language: English, abstract: A number of factors like geology, soil, effluents, sewage disposal and other environmental conditions in which the water stays or moves and interacts are among the factors that affect the quality of water. The sample of water was collected from six towns of Guduru district. The objective of this study was to assess the physical quality of drinking water and suitability for drinking purpose. The physical water quality parameters examined by laboratory using standard procedure were temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total solids (TS). ANOVA and mean comparison were made to compare the difference between physically quality of tap water sample and well water. The study show that the mean values of tap water of temperature, pH, EC, Turbidity TDS, TSS, and TS ranged from 24.41 to 27.68°C, 7.35 to 7.52, 231.33 to 407.5 μS/cm, 1.5 NTU to 3.13 NTU, 154.77 to 273.02 mg/l, 56.33 to 223.78 mg/l, 211.12 to 496.83 mg/l, respectively and the mean values well water of temperature, pH, EC, Turbidity TDS, TSS, and TS ranged from 24.15 to 25.01°C, 7.35 to 7.55, 59 to 761.66μS/cm,1.01 NTU to 4.26 NTU, 39.5 to 510.32 mg/l, 5.92 to 321.7 mg/l, 45.45 to 832.11 mg/l, respectively. From the result of physical parameter studied the temperature and turbidity of both tap water and well water fells the standards of drinking water which indicates not suitable for direct consumption. The electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid of Ayele well water results were above the recommended value of standards. This implies that water from most wells in the study area is not in any way safe nor suitable for direct consumption. The increasing in TDS in Ayele well water might be due to increased amounts of inorganic and organic detritus from the surrounding environment in which the well exist. The highest value of TS at Ayele well water was due to high value of TDS and TSS in the town. Further study is initiated for the sources of difference of physical parameters of tap and well water with in locations and along locations
Book Synopsis Rural Water Supply and the Determinants of Productive Use of Water at the Household Level. Challenges in Metema Woreda by : Kibrom Adino
Download or read book Rural Water Supply and the Determinants of Productive Use of Water at the Household Level. Challenges in Metema Woreda written by Kibrom Adino and published by . This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, Addis Ababa University (Regional and Local Development Studies), course: Full Regional and Local Development Studies courses, language: English, abstract: These days, water has become a highly essential ingredient for the rural household's home based productive use of water beyond the usual basic needs of consumption. In recognition of this, this study is aimed at three main objectives: assessment of the home based productive use of water, the factors that affect the productive use and examining the major challenges of rural water supply in the study area. In an attempt to deal with these objectives the study selected Metema Woreda in Ethiopia as a study area from which four kebeles were selected randomly to have 130 household respondents. The major methods of analysis in this study were both descriptive analysis and a logistic model to meet on the aforementioned objectives. The analysis and discussion of the study revealed that water is the prime input for home based productive uses in addition to the usual basic needs of consumption. To this effect, traditional brewery, home gardening, water selling, small ruminants and rural restaurants were the major home based productive uses of water in the study area. Yet the productive use of water in the study area was found to be constrained by demographic and economic characteristics of the households and the physical and environmental situation of the water supply of the area. Moreover, the study recognized that the water supply in the study area is hindered by a combination of institutional, physical, and technical challenges. Hence, in recognition to these, the concerned bodies at all levels should recognize the challenges of rural water supply as multiple and interlocking that requires a systematic approach. Moreover, the productive use of water at household level should be mainstreamed in the policy of
Book Synopsis Assessment of Water Sources and Quality for Livestock and Farmers in the Rift Valley Area of Ethiopia by : Kebede Amenu
Download or read book Assessment of Water Sources and Quality for Livestock and Farmers in the Rift Valley Area of Ethiopia written by Kebede Amenu and published by Sierke Verlag. This book was released on 2013 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Challenges and Prospects of Potable Water Management at Edja Woreda, Guraghe Zone by : Israel Yigezu
Download or read book The Challenges and Prospects of Potable Water Management at Edja Woreda, Guraghe Zone written by Israel Yigezu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: "-", Hawassa University (School of Governance and Development Studies), course: M.A. Thesis - Potable water Management, language: English, abstract: This Paper was motivated by the beliefs that analyze the challenges and prospects of potable water management at Edja Woreda. Ethiopia in general and Edja Woreda in particular has lowest access to potable water services. The objectives of the study were; to describe the role of potable water actors and the networking status among them, the status of potable water management in terms of its supply capacity and distributive mechanisms, the institutional, economical and social mechanisms in place to contribute its sustainability and to generate suggested solution for potable water management problems. Mixed social science research was used for this study. The necessary data was collected through survey questionnaires; interview and FGD form potable water users, water actors’ officials and selected community members. Descriptive statistics like: graphing, frequency and percentage distribution was used for data analysis using SPSS version 13 software. The study also reveals that the major potable water actors in the area are; WMEO that coordinates and manages over all water activities, WaSH committees that manage and monitor water scheme, NGOs and multilateral agencies that finance water activities. Water actors are both responsible and accountable to the users but needs them more improvement. Nevertheless, the networking status among them is good. The water management challenges in the area are; poor supply capacity and distributive mechanisms with problems like water interruption, limited supply capacity, and distances of water points. The study result also shows that the institutional, economical, social mechanisms are in place but lacks effectiveness to ensure sustainability. These results imply that there are some prospects of potable water management that needs more improvement.
Book Synopsis Impact of Water Supply on the Well-being of the Rural Communities. The Case of Haramaya District, of Eastern Ethiopia by : Getahun Nagari
Download or read book Impact of Water Supply on the Well-being of the Rural Communities. The Case of Haramaya District, of Eastern Ethiopia written by Getahun Nagari and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Regional Geography, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: This study identifies factors affecting access to potable water supply as well as measures the magnitude of the impact of rural water supply on the wellbeing of the user community using cross-sectional data collected from 200 farm households that were randomly selected from Haramaya District, east Hararghe Zone of Oromia National regional state. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. The results obtained from Logit model showed that access to potable water supply are significantly influenced by education, knowledge, quality of water, sustainability and distance of water point from homestead. Results of the PSM suggest that access to potable water supply significantly decreased households’ expenditure on consumption and medical care by Birr 2497 per annum (55%). Overall, the study provides evidence that policy makers and development practitioners should focus on accessible rural water supply system and investing in alternative watering points such as deep/shallow wells, protected hand dug wells, protected spring on spot and with gravity and easily adoptable low technologies maintained by the community. Moreover, it is important to focus on improving households’ knowledge about PWS, quality of water and basic water point services to improve households’ potable water supply demand.
Book Synopsis Performance Assessment and Benchmarking of Gondar Water Supply Services, Ethiopia by : Yirga Alemu Azene
Download or read book Performance Assessment and Benchmarking of Gondar Water Supply Services, Ethiopia written by Yirga Alemu Azene and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Organisation and administration - Public administration, grade: Very Good, , course: Business Administration, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to establish the performance of GWSSS in terms of quality of water services, economical efficiency, and operational sustainability against widely accepted key standard performance indicators and benchmarking the water utility against other well-performing utilities around East Africa for purposes of development of decision support tools for better management of the system. The last eight-year data from the annual report and from the management information system of the Gondar utility are used in the analysis of indicators and to see the performance trend. Performance evaluation of water supply services for Gondar city was carried out using thirteen key performance indicators. From the first category six indicators in the quality of water services, one indicator on water quality compliance has the utility performing well. The other five indicators that are water supply coverage, average total per capita consumption, average per capita domestic consumption, continuity of piped water supply, and the number of persons per domestic connection are the performance of the utility is poor and much below the benchmarked utilities. From the second category of four indicators in improving economic efficiency one indicator in improving personnel expenditure has moderate performance; one indicator on tariff cost recovery has shown low performance, and two indicators in improving bill revenue collection efficiency and operating cost coverage are well performed. The third category of three indicators in improving operational sustainability; one indicator in staffing level is poor performance and two indicators in nonrevenue water and treatment capacity utilized the utility is performing well compared to benchmarked utilities. In general, GWSSS is performing well in five indicators, moderate performance in one indicator, and the rest seven indicators the performance of Gondar is poor and much below the benchmarked utilities. Therefore, it is highly recommended that Gondar utility should take much focus on improving: the water supply services, water production, number of water connections, water consumption, tariff cost recovery, and staffing level.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Household Participation in Water Source Management by : Aschalew Demeke
Download or read book Determinants of Household Participation in Water Source Management written by Aschalew Demeke and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social protection, household size and its determinants: Evidence from Ethiopia by : Mekasha, Tseday J.
Download or read book Social protection, household size and its determinants: Evidence from Ethiopia written by Mekasha, Tseday J. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the impact of a social protection program, Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), on household size and the factors that cause household size to change: fertility, child fosterage, and in and out migration related to work and marriage. Participation in the PSNP leads to an increase in household size of 0.3 members. PSNP participation lowers fertility by 7.6 to 9.9 percentage points. The increase in household size arises from an increase in the number of girls aged 12 to 18 years. We present suggestive evidence that this occurs because the PSNP causes households to delay marrying out adolescent females.
Book Synopsis The Consumption of Household Water in Sagure by : Stig Lundin
Download or read book The Consumption of Household Water in Sagure written by Stig Lundin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Behavior on Child Health by : Muhammed Usman
Download or read book The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Behavior on Child Health written by Muhammed Usman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation on Child Health by : Muhammed A. Usman
Download or read book The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation on Child Health written by Muhammed A. Usman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Factors' and Water Source Features' Affect on Household Water Supply Choices in Uganda and the Associated Environmental Impacts by : Christine M. Prouty
Download or read book Socioeconomic Factors' and Water Source Features' Affect on Household Water Supply Choices in Uganda and the Associated Environmental Impacts written by Christine M. Prouty and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consequently, the PPI was disaggregated to further analyze any significant correlations between socioeconomic indicators in the survey (social, economic, and educational) and water source choice. Three factors (i.e. gender of head of household, number of household members, and construction material of the house's external walls) were significantly correlated with the household's choice for their water source. The combination of qualitative and quantitative survey data underscores the disconnection between community members' perceptions of water quality and the actual, laboratory-tested data. This notion (perception vs. reality) asserts itself because the treatment techniques that respondents use for local sources are based on their perceived ideas of water quality. The techniques sometimes contradict the theoretical treatment methods (based on water quality tests) needed to raise a source's water to potable standards. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on each source and (1) the treatment methods community members most frequently used in comparison to (2) the theoretical treatment methods which would be necessary to raise each source to potable standards. Tap water was found to have the highest environmental impact based on actual community practices. Although it was tested to meet drinking water standards, community members boiled it, increasing its impacts in the categories of land use and global warming. On the other hand, rainwater and surface water had the highest impacts in the same categories (global warming and land use) based on the theoretical treatment which is required for the source water to be potable. The impact of the various fuel sources used to treat water by boiling was also evaluated. The greatest impact was for the use of propane gas followed by charcoal.
Book Synopsis Water Supply Distribution System Design by : Temesgen Mekuriaw
Download or read book Water Supply Distribution System Design written by Temesgen Mekuriaw and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, grade: 1, Arba Minch University, course: water supply and environmetal engineering, language: English, abstract: The provision of clean Water Supply is one of the major factors that greatly contribute to the socioeconomic transformation of a country by improving the health thereby increasing life standard and economic productivity of the society. However, most of the developing countries like Ethiopia still have low potable water supply and sanitation coverage that result the citizens to be suffered from water Shortage, water born and water related diseases. A good water supply distribution infrastructure plays a key role for any kind development for a town. This project examined the theoretical framework for the design of an improved water distribution network for Holeta town. The aim of this water supply project is to provide potable water for present and future demand for targeted Holeta town which improve the existing water supply system of the town. The present and future population of the study area was determined and the water demand per day established. The hydrologic, hydro geologic and topographic data formed the basis of the design while laying emphasis on models and theories of pipe networking and performance. The pipe network layout was analyzed with the use of Epanet2.0 software which is based on Hazen William's equation. Key Words: EPA-NET software, population projection (forecast), pressure head, velocity head, water demand assessment and water distribution network system.
Book Synopsis The Governance of Service Delivery for the Poor and Women by : Tewodaj Mogues
Download or read book The Governance of Service Delivery for the Poor and Women written by Tewodaj Mogues and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents empirical findings on drinking water supply in Ethiopia from a set of qualitative and quantitive surveys on rural public services. Access to safe drinking water is very low: 32% of the surveyed households use safe drinking water sources, and the average time to get to safe water sources during dry season ranged from 29 minutes to 82 minutes. The households covered in the Ethiopia survey may still have better access than the national average. Households identify drinking water as their main priority concern, yet they report high satisfaction rates and hardly take any action to complain. 71% of the households were very or somewhat satisfied with the quantity and 52% with the quality of drinking water, even though access was very low. What is surprising with these findings is the fact that a considerable share of the households identified water as their number one concern among a series of services in their area. This raises questions about how best to elicit information about satisfaction with rural services. Drinking water has undergone far-reaching decentralisation. The construction and major rehabilitation of drinking water facilities is managed by district water desks, which are backstopped by the Regional Water Bureaus. Water committees have been established, each of which usually manages one water facility. Making water committees inclusive seems challenging. Although bringing water to the household is predominantly a task undertaken by women (and their children), the study found that in all sites except for one, the water committee leaders were men The water committees also do not seem to be very effective in counteracting the top-down nature of service provision. The study found that in some cases the functioning of water facilities was compromised if the organization that constructed the facility did not take into account the community's knowledge of water sources in determining where to locate the facility.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Water Quality Problems Due to Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : M. T. Augoustinos
Download or read book Assessment of Water Quality Problems Due to Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by M. T. Augoustinos and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation in a Peri-urban Area of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania by : Tulakemelwa Mhamilawa Ngasala
Download or read book Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation in a Peri-urban Area of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania written by Tulakemelwa Mhamilawa Ngasala and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Sustainable Development Goal 6 called for universal access to water and sanitation by 2030, the challenge of achieving this goal seems daunting in the context of the bourgeoning peri- urban communities of the developing world. These areas are often in a regulatory grey area, receiving municipal water on an irregular basis and lacking sanitation and other basic services. And yet, SDG 6 recognizes that improving global health and wellbeing is critically linked to addressing this problem. A multi-method study of the peri-urban area of Dar es Salaam was conducted to determine the extent of the problem and to make recommendations for system-wide approaches to alleviate the risk of waterborne disease. Existing water sources in the area were identified. Water collection and storage practices were assessed at the household level to determine how water from relatively clean sources becomes contaminated. Escherichia coli (E. coli), nitrate, and total dissolved solid (TDS) were analyzed as indicators for the sewage contamination. Bivariate correlation and univariate regression analyses were used to identify the sources of contamination. The assessment focused on the relationship and association of water contamination with site-specific variables. The variable that had the highest negative impact to the water source was analyzed by using a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model as a tool to make recommendations for proper site-specific sanitation practices. Of the three water sources identified (city water, vendors, and domestic wells), water quality analysis showed that city water at the point of collection (POC) was deemed excellent, whereas it diminished at the point of use (POU) for all three water sources. Reasons for change in water quality at POU and POC were due to mixing of water from different water sources at homes during storage. Using a multinomial regression model, the main reason for mixing water was determined to be the dilution of the salty taste of well water (p
