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Assessing The P5 1 Interim Nuclear Agreement With Iran
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Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (124 download)
Book Synopsis Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement with Iran :. by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Download or read book Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement with Iran :. written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :46 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement with Iran by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Download or read book Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement with Iran written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781977677280 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (772 download)
Book Synopsis Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement With Iran by : United States. Congress
Download or read book Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement With Iran written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the P5+1 interim nuclear agreement with Iran : administration perspectives : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, on examining the prospects for reaching a long-term comprehensive solution designed to bring an end to Iran's illicit nuclear activities, December 12, 2013.
Author :Congressional Research Congressional Research Service Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781505321630 Total Pages :24 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (216 download)
Book Synopsis Iran by : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Iran written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On November 24, 2013, Iran and the six powers that have negotiated with Iran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany-collectively known as the "P5+1") finalized an interim agreement ("Joint Plan of Action," JPA) requiring Iran to freeze many aspects of its nuclear program in exchange for relief from some international sanctions. The period of the interim deal was to be six months, during which time Iran and the P5+1 would attempt to reach a comprehensive deal on the long-term status of Iran's nuclear program. The main elements of the JPA is a requirement that Iran freeze, in effect, its production of enriched uranium containing up to 5% uranium-235 during this period by converting the material to a uranium compound unsuitable for further enrichment; refrain from producing enriched uranium hexafluoride containing 20% uranium-235-the form of enriched uranium in Iran's stockpile that has caused the most concern; halt key elements of its heavy-water reactor and uranium enrichment facilities; and provide the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with additional information about its nuclear program, as well as access to some nuclear-related facilities which are not covered by Iran's IAEA safeguards agreement. Under the JPA, the P5+1 countries agreed to refrain from imposing new sanctions and permit Iran to repatriate to Iran about $700 million per month in oil sales proceeds. Iran's oil exports are capped at about 1 million barrels per day-a 60% drop from 2011 levels of about 2.5 million barrels per day. The JPA also permits Iran to sell petrochemicals and trade in gold and other precious metals, and to conduct transactions with foreign firms involved in Iran's auto sector. The estimated value of the revenue that accrues to Iran from these sources is about $250 million per month. Iran also is permitted to access about $65 million per month of hard currency for tuition for Iranian students, to buy spare parts for U.S.-made civilian aircraft, and to receive international facilitation of humanitarian purchases of food and medicine. The JPA has been seen as halting Iran's ability to produce a nuclear weapon and improving the international community's ability to identify Iranian efforts to develop nuclear weapons. Throughout 2014, the attention of the international community increasingly turned to the potential outcome of negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear accord. The P5+1 - Iran negotiations began in February 2014 and reportedly made steady progress, although insufficient to reach agreement by the July 20 expiration of the first six month JPA period. In July, the two sides announced that progress-and Iran's compliance with the JPA provisions-justified extending the JPA until November 24, 2014. Intensive negotiations attempted to finalize a deal by that deadline, but the two sides again announced that more time was needed to close still significant gaps in their positions. The main outstanding issues reportedly center on the size and scope of Iran's uranium enrichment program; the duration of the comprehensive accord; and the extent and sequencing of the lifting of nuclear-related sanctions. On November 24, Iran and the P5+1 announced that they were extending the talks-and all provisions of the JPA-with the intent of finalizing a detailed agreement by June 30, 2015. The parties stated they would first attempt to reach an overarching framework for the agreement by March 1, 2015.
Book Synopsis P5+1 Negotiations Over Iran's Nuclear Program and Its Implications for United States Defense by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services
Download or read book P5+1 Negotiations Over Iran's Nuclear Program and Its Implications for United States Defense written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iran written by Kenneth Katzman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the early hours of November 24, 2013, in Geneva, Iran and the six powers that have negotiated with Iran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany, collectively known as the 'P5+1') finalized an interim agreement requiring Iran to freeze many aspects of its nuclear program in exchange for what the Obama Administration calls 'limited, temporary, targeted, and reversible' relief from international sanctions. The period of the interim deal is to be six months, during which time Iran and the P5+1 will attempt to reach a comprehensive deal on the long-term status of Iran's nuclear program ... Regional and international governments are closely watching the negotiations. Some U.S. allies, as well as some in Congress, assert a concern that the P5+1 might accept an accord that does not ensure that Iran could not utilize its nuclear infrastructure to develop a nuclear weapon in a short period of time. Some countries in the region, including the Persian Gulf monarchies, express concern that a final accord would prompt a broader U.S.-Iran rapprochement that could cause the United States to retreat from the Middle East. Others assert that a final accord would give Iran additional resources to extend its influence in the region. On the other hand, an accord could produce greater U.S.-Iran cooperation against the threat to the region posed by the Islamic State organization's seizure of territory in Iraq and Syria. U.S. officials acknowledge that Iran and the United States have held bilateral talks on the Islamic State and other regional issues at the margins of the negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear accord"--Preliminary page.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement, ... S. Hrg. 113-266, Dec 12, 2013, 113-1 Hearing by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Download or read book Assessing the P5+1 Interim Nuclear Agreement, ... S. Hrg. 113-266, Dec 12, 2013, 113-1 Hearing written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2014* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Iran Nuclear Agreement and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action by : Benjamin Martinez
Download or read book The Iran Nuclear Agreement and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action written by Benjamin Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 14, 2015, Iran and the six powers that have negotiated with Iran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany--collectively known as the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA is intended to ensure that Iran's nuclear program can be used for purely peaceful purposes, in exchange for a broad lifting of U.S., European Union (EU), and United Nations (U.N.) sanctions on Iran. The JCPOA largely reflects what was agreed in an April 2, 2015, framework for the accord. The agreement replaces a Joint Plan of Action (JPA) interim nuclear accord in operation since January 2014. This book examines the Iran Nuclear Agreement, and discusses Tehran's compliance with international obligations.
Author :Congressional Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720532989 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (329 download)
Book Synopsis Iran Nuclear Agreement by : Congressional Service
Download or read book Iran Nuclear Agreement written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 14, 2015, Iran and the six powers that negotiated with Iran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany-collectively known as the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA required constraints that seek to ensure that Iran's nuclear program can be used for purely peaceful purposes in exchange for a broad lifting of U.S., European Union (EU), and United Nations (U.N.) sanctions on Iran. The agreement replaced the Joint Plan of Action (JPA), an interim nuclear accord in effect from 2014 to 2016. Congress did not enact a resolution of disapproval of the JCPOA by the deadline of September 17, 2015, which was set by the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act (P.L. 114-17; the JCPOA formally took effect on "Adoption Day" (October 18, 2015). "Implementation Day" was declared by the P5+1 on January 16, 2016, representing the completion of Iran's nuclear requirements; entry into effect of U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231, which endorsed the JCPOA; and the start of sanctions relief stipulated in the agreement. Officials from both the Barack Obama and Donald Trump Administrations have certified that Iran is abiding by its JCPOA commitments. The Obama Administration and other P5+1 leaders asserted that the JCPOA is the most effective means to ensure that Iran cannot obtain a nuclear weapon and that all U.S. options to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon remain available even after the key nuclear restrictions of the JCPOA expire. The agreement contains provisions for U.N. sanctions to be reimposed if Iran violates its commitments. Critics of the JCPOA have expressed concerns that the extensive sanctions relief provided under the accord gives Iran additional resources to extend its influence in the region and that that the accord does not contain any restrictions on Iran's development of ballistic missiles. Resolution 2231, which was adopted in July 2015, prohibits arms transfers to or from Iran, but only for five years, and contains a voluntary restriction on Iran's development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles for only up to eight years. Top Trump Administration officials have argued that the JCPOA does not address Iran's "malign" activities in the region and any other activities that the Administration considers provocative or destabilizing, such as the continued development of ballistic missiles. Administration officials have also said that these weaknesses in the agreement might lead the Administration to conclude that the JCPOA is not adequately serving U.S. interests. Yet, P5+1 and other U.S. allies argue that the agreement contributes to regional stability and that the United States should continue to implement it. In the 114th and 115th Congresses, legislation has been introduced with the stated purpose of redressing asserted weaknesses of the deal or preventing any U.S. sanctions relief beyond that explicitly promised in the JCPOA. The Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act (P.L. 115-44) mandates sanctions on Iranian proliferation, human rights abuses, and support for terrorist activities has been enacted.
Author :Congressional Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781724641793 Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (417 download)
Book Synopsis Iran Nuclear Agreement and U. S. Exit by : Congressional Service
Download or read book Iran Nuclear Agreement and U. S. Exit written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 14, 2015, Iran and the six powers that had negotiated with Tehran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany-collectively known as the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA required constraints that seek to ensure that Iran's nuclear program can be used for purely peaceful purposes in exchange for a broad lifting of U.S., European Union (EU), and United Nations (U.N.) sanctions on Iran. The agreement replaced the Joint Plan of Action (JPA), an interim nuclear accord in effect from 2014 to 2016. Congress did not enact a resolution of disapproval of the JCPOA by the deadline of September 17, 2015, which was set by the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act (P.L. 114-17); the JCPOA formally took effect on "Adoption Day" (October 18, 2015). "Implementation Day" was declared by the P5+1 on January 16, 2016, representing the completion of Iran's nuclear requirements; entry into effect of U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231, which endorsed the JCPOA; and the start of sanctions relief stipulated in the agreement. Officials from both the Barack Obama and Donald Trump Administrations have certified that Iran has abided by its JCPOA commitments. The Obama Administration and other P5+1 leaders asserted that the JCPOA is the most effective means to ensure that Iran cannot obtain a nuclear weapon and that all U.S. options to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon are available indefinitely. The agreement contains provisions for U.N. sanctions to be reimposed if Iran violates its commitments. Top Trump Administration officials have argued that the JCPOA does not adequately serve U.S. interests because the extensive sanctions relief provided under the accord gives Iran additional resources to conduct "malign activities" in the region, and does not restrict Iran's development of ballistic missiles. Resolution 2231, which was adopted in July 2015, prohibits arms transfers to or from Iran, but only for five years, and contains a voluntary restriction on Iran's development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles for only up to eight years. On May 8, President Trump announced that the United States would no longer participate in the JCPOA and would reimpose sanctions that had been suspended pursuant to the agreement. The other powers that negotiated the accord with Iran-Russia, China, France, Britain, and Germany-opposed the U.S. decision and have been meeting with Iranian officials to continue implementing the JCPOA. Iran's President Hassan Rouhani has pledged to continue implementing the accord, provided Iran continues to receive the economic benefits of the agreement.
Book Synopsis The Iran Nuclear Agreement: an Assessment Under U.S. and International Law by : Philip J. MacFarlane
Download or read book The Iran Nuclear Agreement: an Assessment Under U.S. and International Law written by Philip J. MacFarlane and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program by : Kenneth Katzman
Download or read book Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program written by Kenneth Katzman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the recent development regarding the negotiations with Iran about its nuclear program. The report provides background information on Iranian nuclear program and debates the November 24 Joint Plan of Action Elements.
Book Synopsis Iran's Nuclear Program and International Law by : Daniel Joyner
Download or read book Iran's Nuclear Program and International Law written by Daniel Joyner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an international legal analysis of the most important questions regarding Iran's nuclear program since 2002. Setting these legal questions in their historical and diplomatic context, this book aims to clarify how the relevant sources of international law - including primarily the 1968 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and IAEA treaty law - should be properly applied in the context of the Iran case. It provides an instructional case study of the application of these sources of international law, the lessons which can be applied to inform both the on-going legal and diplomatic dynamics surrounding the Iran nuclear dispute itself, as well as similar future cases. Some questions raised regard the watershed diplomatic accord reached between Iran and Western states in July, 2015, known as the Joint Comprehensive Program of Action. The answers will be of interests to diplomats and academics, as well as to anyone who is interested in understanding international law's application to this sensitive dispute in international relations.
Book Synopsis Containing Iran by : Robert J. Reardon
Download or read book Containing Iran written by Robert J. Reardon and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iran's nuclear program is one of this century's principal foreign policy challenges. Despite U.S., Israeli, and allied efforts, Iran has an extensive enrichment program and likely has the technical capacity to produce at least one nuclear bomb if it so chose. This study assesses U.S. policy options, identifies a way forward, and considers how the United States might best mitigate the negative international effects of a nuclear-armed Iran.
Book Synopsis Stepping Stone, Stopping Point, Or Slippery Slope? by : James K. Sebenius
Download or read book Stepping Stone, Stopping Point, Or Slippery Slope? written by James K. Sebenius and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The November 2013 "interim" nuclear deal between Iran and the "P5+1"--the United States, Russia, China, Britain, France, and Germany--raises challenging questions. Will the initial deal function as a stepping stone toward a more comprehensive deal? Or will it drift into becoming a stopping point that leaves Iran dangerously close to nuclear weapons capability with the sanctions regime in decline? Or will it devolve to a slippery slope that would end up requiring a painful choice for key players between either acquiescing in a nuclear-capable Iran or attacking Iran's nuclear facilities? With Iran and the P5+1 each splintered into contending factions, a successful stepping stone strategy requires converting enough "persuadable skeptics" on each side to forge a "winning coalition" on behalf of a more comprehensive nuclear deal. This supportive group must be strong enough to overcome the potent "blocking coalition" that will oppose virtually any larger, next-stage agreement. The best chance for the interim accord to become a stepping stone to a more valuable deal calls for a two-pronged negotiating strategy with both value-enhancing and cost-imposing elements. The first prong of this strategy should strive to craft the most valuable possible next deal that credibly offers Iran a range of benefits, not limited to sanctions relief, that are greater and much more salient than those available from the interim agreement. The second prong should significantly worsen the consequences of failing to reach the next nuclear deal by a strong public U.S. Presidential commitment to sign a bill, prenegotiated with the Congress and P5+1 allies, imposing enhanced sanctions if negotiations toward an acceptable, but relatively narrow, agreement denying Iran an "exercisable nuclear option" do not succeed by the reasonable but firm deadline no later than twelve months from the start of the interim talks.
Download or read book Iran Sanctions written by Kenneth Katzman and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background of the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA): Key Provisions: ¿Triggers¿ and Available Sanctions; Waiver and Termination Authority; Iran Freedom Support Act Amendments; Effectiveness and Ongoing Challenges: Energy Routes and Refinery Investment: Refinery Construction; Significant Purchase Agreements; Efforts in the 110th and 111th Congress to Expand ISA Application; Other Energy-Related Sanctions Ideas; (2) Relationships to Other U.S. Sanctions: Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment With Iran; Treasury Department ¿Targeted Financial Measures¿; Terrorism-Related Sanctions; Executive Order 13224; Proliferation-Related Sanctions; Efforts to Promote Divestment; Blocked Iranian Property and Assets. Tables.
Book Synopsis The Iran Primer by : Robin B. Wright
Download or read book The Iran Primer written by Robin B. Wright and published by US Institute of Peace Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive but concise overview of Iran's politics, economy, military, foreign policy, and nuclear program. The volume chronicles U.S.-Iran relations under six American presidents and probes five options for dealing with Iran. Organized thematically, this book provides top-level briefings by 50 top experts on Iran (both Iranian and Western authors) and is a practical and accessible "go-to" resource for practitioners, policymakers, academics, and students, as well as a fascinating wealth of information for anyone interested in understanding Iran's pivotal role in world politics.
