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Assessing The Economic Potential Of Electric Vehicles To Provide Ancillary Services
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Book Synopsis Assessing the Economic Potential of Electric Vehicles to Provide Ancillary Services by : Alexander Schuller
Download or read book Assessing the Economic Potential of Electric Vehicles to Provide Ancillary Services written by Alexander Schuller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept is a promising possibility for the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid. This article presents an economic evaluation of EVs participating in the ancillary service market (primary, secondary and tertiary regulation) for the case of Germany, based on a price data set from 2011 and 2012. We examine the economic potential of nine general options to participate in the regulation market based on real-life EV specifications, connection powers and regulation energy prices. Results show that in the most profitable case a maximum average yearly profit of 730.31 Euro per vehicle is possible for negative regulation with payment direction TSO to provider in the secondary regulation market. Furthermore a sensitivity analysis is performed for all of the analyzed participation scenarios in order to identify crucial parameters for a possible V2G implementation. Major parameters for the successful implementation of V2G are the provided power per vehicle, the time an EV is available to the grid and the variable energy storage costs it incurs.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Economic Viability of Electric Vehicle-to-grid Services Through Infrastructure and Market Participation Investments by : Allison Michèle Campbell
Download or read book Assessing the Economic Viability of Electric Vehicle-to-grid Services Through Infrastructure and Market Participation Investments written by Allison Michèle Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have the potential to not only reduce CO2 emissions from transportation, but also serve as distributed banks of energy storage for grid operators in a service called Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G, V1G). The need for energy storage will become increasingly crucial as intermittent sources of renewable energy are integrated. Previous studies have claimed that providing V2G/V1G services to the grid will generate annual revenues on the order of $2,500 per PEV from the frequency regulation market (Kempton & Tomic, 2005a). In this relatively lucrative market, small power draws to and from the resource enable the correction of imbalances in the net load on the grid. Bids are secured independently for regulating the load down or up, allowing PEVs to manage the power in their batteries to either charge as normal (V1G), or both charge and discharge (V2G). No known prior studies include the cost of the infrastructure and market participation fees necessary to provide this service, suggesting that initial revenue estimates are optimistic at best. In order for a fleet operator to break even over the lifetime of the investment, an annual average market clearing price of $36/MW-h is necessary for V2G fleets and $6.40/MW-h is necessary for V1G fleets. The current average price for this service is $5/MW-h, and has been dropping over the last three years. Unless this price increases, the cost of V2G/V1G equipment and market participation declines substantially, or subsidies are introduced, it will be economically difficult for this service to move beyond the pilot project phase.
Book Synopsis Multi-criteria Decision Making for Smart Grid Design and Operation by : Lazar Z. Velimirović
Download or read book Multi-criteria Decision Making for Smart Grid Design and Operation written by Lazar Z. Velimirović and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-09 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is dedicated to the implementation of different multi-criteria decision-making techniques for various problems concerning planning and operation of the smart grid from the Society 5.0 perspective. It consists of a practical explanation of several multi-criteria approaches and examples of their application to real problems. In this book, the choice of the optimal smart grid strategy in planning and operation is made. Various areas of smart grid problems are analyzed, from the smart grid project efficiency assessment to the electric vehicle charging schedule optimization. The comparison of alternatives is made using different techniques taking into account the presence of multiple criteria of both qualitative and quantitative nature, different performance indicators, and the uncertain environment of the smart grid. The book outlines in clear terms how the electricity grid can be modernized in such a way that it monitors, protects, and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements, taking into account different stakeholders and criteria and society in general. The book covers various smart grid aspects—from the distributed generator through the medium-voltage network and distribution system, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances, and other household devices. The book serves as a practical guide for researchers, energy and utility professionals, power system planners, regulators, policymakers, and others in the field.
Book Synopsis Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by : Sumedha Rajakaruna
Download or read book Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids written by Sumedha Rajakaruna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-29 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the cutting-edge research on energy management within smart grids with significant deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). These vehicles not only can be a significant electrical power consumer during Grid to Vehicle (G2V) charging mode, they can also be smartly utilized as a controlled source of electrical power when they are used in Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operating mode. Electricity Price, Time of Use Tariffs, Quality of Service, Social Welfare as well as electrical parameters of the network are all different criteria considered by the researchers when developing energy management techniques for PEVs. Risk averse stochastic energy hub management, maximizing profits in ancillary service markets, power market bidding strategies for fleets of PEVs, energy management of PEVs in the presence of renewable energy in distribution lines or microgrids and loss minimization in distribution networks based on smart coordination approaches using real time energy prices are some of the attractive and novel topics explored in this book. It will be an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers and industry professionals who are interested in getting a snapshot view of today’s latest research on applying various smart energy management strategies for smart grids with high penetration of PEVs.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the System Costs and Operational Benefits of Vehicle-to-grid Schemes by : Chioke Bem Harris
Download or read book An Assessment of the System Costs and Operational Benefits of Vehicle-to-grid Schemes written by Chioke Bem Harris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the emerging nationwide availability of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) at prices attainable for many consumers, electric utilities, system operators, and researchers have been investigating the impact of this new source of electricity demand. The presence of PEVs on the electric grid might offer benefits equivalent to dedicated utility-scale energy storage systems by leveraging vehicles' grid-connected energy storage through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled infrastructure. Existing research, however, has not effectively examined the interactions between PEVs and the electric grid in a V2G system. To address these shortcomings in the literature, longitudinal vehicle travel data are first used to identify patterns in vehicle use. This analysis showed that vehicle use patterns are distinctly different between weekends and weekdays, seasonal interactions between vehicle charging, electric load, and wind generation might be important, and that vehicle charging might increase already high peak summer electric load in Texas. Subsequent simulations of PEV charging were performed, which revealed that unscheduled charging would increase summer peak load in Texas by approximately 1\%, and that uncertainty that arises from unscheduled charging would require only limited increases in frequency regulation procurements. To assess the market potential for the implementation of a V2G system that provides frequency regulation ancillary services, and might be able to provide financial incentives to participating PEV owners, a two-stage stochastic programming formulation of a V2G system operator was created. In addition to assessing the market potential for a V2G system, the model was also designed to determine the effect of the market power of the V2G system operator on prices for frequency regulation, the effect of uncertainty in real-time vehicle availability and state-of-charge on the aggregator's ability to provide regulation services, and the effect of different vehicle characteristics on revenues. Results from this model showed that the V2G system operator could generate revenue from participation in the frequency regulation market in Texas, even when subject to the uncertainty in real-time vehicle use. The model also showed that the V2G system operator would have a significant impact on prices, and thus as the number of PEVs participating in a V2G program in a given region increased, per-vehicle revenues, and thus compensation provided to vehicle owners, would decline dramatically. From these estimated payments to PEV owners, the decision to participate in a V2G program was analyzed. The balance between the estimated payments to PEV owners for participating in a V2G program and the increased probability of being left with a depleted battery as a result of V2G operations indicate that an owner of a range-limited battery electric vehicle (BEV) would probably not be a viable candidate for joining a V2G program, while a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) owner might find a V2G program worthwhile. Even for a PHEV owner, however, compensation for participating in a V2G program will provide limited incentive to join.
Book Synopsis Solving Fundamental Challenges of Electric Vehicles by : Shaik, Mazhar Hussain
Download or read book Solving Fundamental Challenges of Electric Vehicles written by Shaik, Mazhar Hussain and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-08-08 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a growing population and increased mobility, global societies are facing the urgent need to transition to sustainable transportation solutions. However, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is hindered by challenges, from limitations in battery technology to the scarcity of charging infrastructure. These obstacles impede progress toward a cleaner future and limit EVs' potential economic and social benefits. Solving Fundamental Challenges of Electric Vehicles offers a comprehensive roadmap to navigate the complexities of EV adoption. It delves into critical issues such as battery technology advancements, charging infrastructure development, and policy and regulatory frameworks. The book empowers stakeholders to overcome these challenges and accelerate the transition to electric mobility by providing insights into innovative solutions and breakthrough technologies.
Book Synopsis Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation by : Andrés Ovalle
Download or read book Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation written by Andrés Ovalle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-04 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of recent research on distributed optimization algorithms for the integral load management of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) fleets and their potential services to the electricity system. It also includes detailed developed Matlab scripts. These algorithms can be implemented and extended to diverse applications where energy management is required (smart buildings, railways systems, task sharing in micro-grids, etc.). The proposed methodologies optimally manage PEV fleets’ charge and discharge schedules by applying classical optimization, game theory, and evolutionary game theory techniques. Taking owner’s requirements into consideration, these approaches provide services like load shifting, load balancing among phases of the system, reactive power supply, and task sharing among PEVs. The book is intended for use in graduate optimization and energy management courses, and readers are encouraged to test and adapt the scripts to their specific applications.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Economic Costs, Benefits and Uncertainties of Vehicle Electrification by : Hanjiro Ambrose
Download or read book Environmental and Economic Costs, Benefits and Uncertainties of Vehicle Electrification written by Hanjiro Ambrose and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been proposed as a pathway for reducing the environmental impacts of transportation systems. While BEVs are often referred to as zero-emission vehicles, production and operation consume resources and emit pollutants through the vehicle supply chain and generation of electricity for vehicle charging. Life cycle assessment is a standardized methodology for assessing the environmental impacts of product systems from a system-wide perspective; considering the total supply chain and the product life cycle from cradle-to-grave. However, conventional LCAs are often limited; based off static supply chain analysis, omitting system interactions or indirect effects, and insufficiently reflecting the underlying variability and uncertainty to support robust public policy decisions. The objective of this dissertation is to develop and refine methods of assessing the life cycle environmental impacts and economic costs of electric vehicle technologies and policies. The chapters of this dissertation make contributions in advancing spatial and temporal dynamics in LCA modelling, integrating vehicle operations with evolutions in technology, background systems, and product development, and offers novel estimates of the costs and emissions abatement potential of light and heavy duty electric vehicles. As shown herein, a systems perspective is required to estimate the environmental benefits and costs of vehicle electrification strategies. Efforts to achieve pollution abatement through technology change must address risks of leakage, substitution, and unintended environmental consequences.
Book Synopsis The Role of the Electric Vehicle in the Energy Transition by : Angel Arcos-Vargas
Download or read book The Role of the Electric Vehicle in the Energy Transition written by Angel Arcos-Vargas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the part that electric vehicles can play in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Further, it explains the impact of public support, technological advances, lower costs and better battery performance in making electric vehicles a viable alternative. The book begins by analyzing the international context of electric vehicles and how they are being developed in different countries, and by offering a forecast of the electricity demand they may create. It then discusses technological innovations in electric vehicle recharging systems. The book is concerned not only with the economic potential of electric vehicles, but also with environmental aspects; consequently, it examines the raw materials supply chain and performs a lifecycle assessment. The book concludes with a chapter on alternative energies in transport, which may also help to facilitate the energy transition. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, policymakers and industry professionals interested in the energy transition and transport.
Book Synopsis Electric Vehicles by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Electric Vehicles written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intelligent Integrated Energy Systems by : Peter Palensky
Download or read book Intelligent Integrated Energy Systems written by Peter Palensky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents research results of PowerWeb, TU Delft’s consortium for interdisciplinary research on intelligent, integrated energy systems and their role in markets and institutions. In operation since 2012, it acts as a host and information platform for a growing number of projects, ranging from single PhD student projects up to large integrated and international research programs. The group acts in an inter-faculty fashion and brings together experts from electrical engineering, computer science, mathematics, mechanical engineering, technology and policy management, control engineering, civil engineering, architecture, aerospace engineering, and industrial design. The interdisciplinary projects of PowerWeb are typically associated with either of three problem domains: Grid Technology, Intelligence and Society. PowerWeb is not limited to electricity: it bridges heat, gas, and other types of energy with markets, industrial processes, transport, and the built environment, serving as a singular entry point for industry to the University’s knowledge. Via its Industry Advisory Board, a steady link to business owners, manufacturers, and energy system operators is provided.
Book Synopsis Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Arno Kwade
Download or read book Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Arno Kwade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses recycling technologies for many of the valuable and scarce materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. A successful transition to electric mobility will result in large volumes of these. The book discusses engineering issues in the entire process chain from disassembly over mechanical conditioning to chemical treatment. A framework for environmental and economic evaluation is presented and recommendations for researchers as well as for potential operators are derived.
Book Synopsis The Future of Electricity Demand by : Tooraj Jamasb
Download or read book The Future of Electricity Demand written by Tooraj Jamasb and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What will electricity and heat demand look like in a low-carbon world? Ambitious environmental targets will modify the shape of the electricity sector in the twenty-first century. 'Smart' technologies and demand-side management will be some of the key features of the future of electricity systems in a low-carbon world. Meanwhile, the social and behavioural dimensions will complement and interact with new technologies and policies. Electricity demand in the future will increasingly be tied up with the demand for heat and for transport. The Future of Electricity Demand looks into the features of the future electricity demand in light of the challenges posed by climate change. Written by a team of leading academics and industry experts, the book investigates the economics, technology, social aspects, and policies and regulations which are likely to characterize energy demand in a low-carbon world. It provides a comprehensive and analytical perspective on the future of electricity demand.
Book Synopsis Electric Systems for Transportation by : Maria Carmen Falvo
Download or read book Electric Systems for Transportation written by Maria Carmen Falvo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Paths Towards the Mobility Patterns of the Future by : Michael Hülsmann
Download or read book Evolutionary Paths Towards the Mobility Patterns of the Future written by Michael Hülsmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents new insights and challenges in the field of electric mobility in relation to new mobility and infrastructure concepts as well as to renewable energies. The book covers the socio-economic view on the topic as well as technical aspects and thus offers valuable knowledge for future business models. It primarily addresses practitioners and researchers in the field but may also be of use to graduate students.
Book Synopsis Variability in the Emissions Savings Potential of Battery Electric Vehicles Across Regions and Individuals by : Marco Miotti
Download or read book Variability in the Emissions Savings Potential of Battery Electric Vehicles Across Regions and Individuals written by Marco Miotti and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal vehicles account for almost 25% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and this share is increasing. The increase is due to several factors, including a growth in transportation demand and the decarbonization of electricity by 30% since 2007. Alternative technologies for road vehicles, such as battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell powertrains have the potential to achieve significant emission reductions. Yet questions remain about the emissions and costs of these alternative technologies. This thesis evaluates the emissions reduction potential of vehicles with electrified powertrains, focusing on battery electric vehicles (BEVs). It evaluates this potential taking into account heterogeneous regional conditions and consumer behavior. Consumers help determine vehicle fleet emissions through their purchasing and driving decisions, which are guided in part by the costs of different options. Therefore, the costs of ownership of BEVs in comparison to conventional vehicles inform the emissions reduction potential of BEVs. Here, we measure the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and costs of ownership of BEVs across different vehicle models as a function of travel patterns, driving styles, and properties of the natural, built, and institutional environment. We compare these costs and emissions to gasoline combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and then ask whether and under which condition electric vehicle adoption can play a central role in meeting emission targets for the transportation sector. The current literature does not cover all the interdependent sources of variation in the emissions and costs of BEVs compared to ICEVs. In particular, the effects of annual travel distance and fuel efficiency related to individual travel behavior and the wide variety of available vehicle models have not been assessed. In addition, this variation in emissions and costs of personal vehicles has only been studied across regions, but not across individual vehicles within each region due to vehicle-specific driving patterns. This work addresses these gaps by developing several interlinked models. This includes the construction of a parametrized lifecycle emissions and cost of ownership model (Chapter 2), an algorithm to measure driving style linked to a vehicle energy model (Chapter 3), and a model to quantify the variability in annual travel distance and fuel consumption of different types of vehicles across regions within the United States, encoded as zipcodes, and across individual vehicles within those zipcodes (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 then ties Chapters 2 and 4 together and complements them with additional information to assess the overall heterogeneity in the emissions reduction potential of BEVs. The central results of the thesis are threefold. First, a rapid decarbonization of electricity in conjunction with an electrification of powertrains will likely be required to meet emission targets for the U.S. transportation sector. Measures that relate to heterogeneous consumer behavior, such as improving driving style and nudging consumers towards purchasing smaller vehicles, can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second, the electrification of powertrains can come at little to no additional expense to consumers with today’s technology and prices. In most parts of the country, BEVs are substantially cheaper than comparable ICEVs. Within regions, the individuals for which BEVs offer the greatest emissions savings would also tend to experience the largest cost savings, since both emissions savings and cost savings are correlated with annual travel distance. Third, emission reductions achieved by BEVs and their costs relative to ICEVs are highly heterogeneous. The within-region variation in emissions and costs of BEVs compared to ICEVs due to individual driving patterns is at least as large as the variation across regional averages. As a result, a 10% share of BEVs in the fleet can lead to anywhere between 1% and 10% emission reductions, depending on which types of vehicles are being replaced by electric vehicles, by whom, and where. A key application of this work is to inform tools that provide localized and personalized information about the environmental and economic performance of different vehicle models. In Chapter 6, we discuss such a tool that was built as part of this work, called Carboncounter.com. Results from a survey launched on Carboncounter add to existing evidence that providing such information to consumers can help inform a transition to a cleaner light-duty vehicle fleet. These findings further confirm the importance of understanding heterogeneous human behaviors to inform decarbonization strategies for personal transport.
Book Synopsis Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets by : Qiuwei Wu
Download or read book Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets written by Qiuwei Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the policy drivers, benefits and challenges for grid integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the open electricity market environment, this book provides a comprehensive overview of existing electricity markets and demonstrates how EVs are integrated into these different markets and power systems. Unlike other texts, this book analyses EV integration in parallel with electricity market design, showing the interaction between EVs and differing electricity markets. Future regulating power market and distribution system operator (DSO) market design is covered, with up-to-date case studies and examples to help readers carry out similar projects across the world. With in-depth analysis, this book describes: the impact of EV charging and discharging on transmission and distribution networks market-driven EV congestion management techniques, for example the day-ahead tariff based congestion management scenario within electric distribution networks optimal EV charging management with the fleet operator concept and smart charging management EV battery technology, modelling and tests the use of EVs for balancing power fluctuations from renewable energy sources, looking at power system operation support, including frequency reserve, power regulation and voltage support An accessible technical book for power engineers and grid/distributed systems operators, this also serves as a reference text for researchers in the area of EVs and power systems. It provides distribution companies with the knowledge they need when facing the challenges introduced by large scale EV deployment, and demonstrates how transmission system operators (TSOs) can develop the existing system service market in order to fully utilize the potential of EV flexibility. With thorough coverage of the technologies for EV integration, this volume is informative for research professors and graduate students in power systems; it will also appeal to EV manufacturers, regulators, EV market professionals, energy providers and traders, mobility providers, EV charging station companies, and policy makers.
