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Assessing Pesticide Loading And Concentration With Assistance Of Integrated Hydrological Models In Streams Of Small To Medium Sized Watersheds
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Book Synopsis Assessing Pesticide Loading and Concentration with Assistance of Integrated Hydrological Models in Streams of Small to Medium-sized Watersheds by : Wei Chen
Download or read book Assessing Pesticide Loading and Concentration with Assistance of Integrated Hydrological Models in Streams of Small to Medium-sized Watersheds written by Wei Chen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides are increasingly used around the world alone with the expansion of intensive crop cultivation and food production. Pesticide residues from agriculture fields being carried to surface and ground water impose a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem as well as to human health. However, monitoring potential threat of pesticide residuals in river systems is expensive and difficult. Previous studies indicated that traditionally used grab sampling methods could potentially underestimate the maximum concentrations of pesticide residues in streams by 10 to 1000 times. The objective of this study was to assess pesticide loading and concentration with assistance of integrated hydrological models in streams of small to medium-sized watersheds. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was selected for simulating hydrological processes together with pesticide loading and in stream pesticide concentration. Model predicted pesticide loading and pesticide concentration was compared with three years measured data from Black Brook Watershed and two Sub-basins within the same watershed. We found that the model predicted pesticide loading and in stream concentrations of three pesticides had the same seasonal trend with field surveys with some discrepancies. The discrepancies are likely caused by three main factors. 1. Model predicts the daily pesticide loading and daily average pesticide concentration and while actual pesticide concentrations change rapidly during stormflow period. 2. Current field sampling method could not capture the rapid change of pesticide concentration due to mechanical limitations. 3. Input data on exact pesticide application data were not available. In general, the pesticide modelling results indicate that the model is an effective tool in loading and concentration prediction in small agricultural watershed. We also found the model predicted pesticide loading during baseflow period were relatively high compare[d] with near zero pesticide concentration observed. This suggest[s] there is a need to improve in pesticide routing algorithm in SWAT model and current estimation during based flow period should be manually adjusted.
Book Synopsis Pesticides in Streams of the United States by : Steven J. Larson
Download or read book Pesticides in Streams of the United States written by Steven J. Larson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pesticides in Surface Waters by : Larson
Download or read book Pesticides in Surface Waters written by Larson and published by CRC-Press. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticde use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research. This book evaluates published studies that focus on measuring pesticide concentration. The studies chosen include peer reviewed scientific literature, government reports, laboratory studies, and those using microcosms and artificial streams and ponds. The authors used this information to develop their overview of pesticide contamination of surface waters. The exhaustive compilation of data along with the fundamental science make this book essential for those involved in pesticide use, environmental protection, water quality, and human or ecological risk assessment. Pesticides in Surface Waters covers the results of actual studies, sources of pesticides to surface water, fate and transport, and environmental significance. Hundreds of data-packed tables, maps, charts, and drawings illustrate the key points, making research and application easy and cost effective.
Book Synopsis Frequency Analysis of Pesticide Concentrations for Risk Assessment by : A. R. Olsen
Download or read book Frequency Analysis of Pesticide Concentrations for Risk Assessment written by A. R. Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Seine River Basin by : Nicolas Flipo
Download or read book The Seine River Basin written by Nicolas Flipo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.
Book Synopsis Integrated Pesticide Transport Modeling in Surface and Subsurface Environments by : Xuefeng Chu
Download or read book Integrated Pesticide Transport Modeling in Surface and Subsurface Environments written by Xuefeng Chu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pesticides in Stream Sediment and Aquatic Biota by : Lisa H. Nowell
Download or read book Pesticides in Stream Sediment and Aquatic Biota written by Lisa H. Nowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 20 years after the ban of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides, pesticides continue to be detected in air, rain, soil, surface water, bed sediment, and aquatic and terrestrial biota throughout the world. Recent research suggests that low levels of some of these pesticides may have the potential to affect the development, reproduction,
Book Synopsis Best Management Practices for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control by :
Download or read book Best Management Practices for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Watershed Models by : Vijay P. Singh
Download or read book Watershed Models written by Vijay P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed modeling is at the heart of modern hydrology, supplying rich information that is vital to addressing resource planning, environmental, and social problems. Even in light of this important role, many books relegate the subject to a single chapter while books devoted to modeling focus only on a specific area of application. Recognizing the
Book Synopsis Pesticides in Surface Waters by : STEVEN J.. CAPEL LARSON (PAUL D.. MAJEWSKI, MICHAEL.)
Download or read book Pesticides in Surface Waters written by STEVEN J.. CAPEL LARSON (PAUL D.. MAJEWSKI, MICHAEL.) and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticde use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research. This book evaluates published studies that focus on measuring pesticide concentration. The studies chosen include peer reviewed scientific literature, government reports, laboratory studies, and those using microcosms and artificial streams and ponds. The authors used this information to develop their overview of pesticide contamination of surface waters. The exhaustive compilation of data along with the fundamental science make this book essential for those involved in pesticide use, environmental protection, water quality, and human or ecological risk assessment. Pesticides in Surface Waters covers the results of actual studies, sources of pesticides to surface water, fate and transport, and environmental significance. Hundreds of data-packed tables, maps, charts, and drawings illustrate the key points, making research and application easy and cost effective.
Book Synopsis A Dynamic Pesticide Transport and Runoff Model for Mechanistic Evaluation in Small Watersheds by : Environmental Systems Laboratory
Download or read book A Dynamic Pesticide Transport and Runoff Model for Mechanistic Evaluation in Small Watersheds written by Environmental Systems Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pesticide Occurrence and Persistence Entering Recreational Lakes Residing in Watersheds of Various Land Uses by : Jessica Satiroff
Download or read book Pesticide Occurrence and Persistence Entering Recreational Lakes Residing in Watersheds of Various Land Uses written by Jessica Satiroff and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, most streams and lakes are impaired in one way or another. Studies have shown pesticides are detected in finished drinking water and at high levels in surface water. In recent years, regular algal blooms and fish kills have created concern in affected communities. However, recent reports of pesticides impacting nontarget species have emerged. As the population and food demand continues to grow, there is an increasing concern to quantify and reduce pesticide movement into streams and lakes. Although there has been a great deal of research completed on older pesticides such as atrazine and DDT, newer pesticide classes, such as neonicotinoids, have limited information available. Therefore, the primary objectives of this Master's Project were to (1) assess average pesticide concentrations and loadings entering recreational lakes in three distinct watersheds and (2) evaluate pesticide persistence longitudinally throughout the lakes. It was hypothesized the agricultural watershed would have the highest loading of pesticides and higher concentrations would be observed near the inlet of each lake. However, new insight was gained regarding neonicotinoid concentrations entering recreational lakes. Further, imidacloprid aquatic chronic and acute toxicity limits were exceeded at the urban and agricultural locations. Concentrations and loading of specific pesticides differed by watershed and sampling location within the lakes and was confirmed with statistical analysis (fully summarized in appendix A). Results from this study provide new knowledge for managing specifically neonicotinoid of pesticide usage as well implementation of best management practices around and within recreational waterbodies.
Download or read book EXPRES written by James Percy Mutch and published by Burlington, Ont. : Inland Waters Directorate. This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EXPRES expert system is designed to aid regulatory personnel in their assessment of the potential for pesticides to contaminate the soil and shallow groundwater environment. The system consists of one screening assessment model and two mathematical simulation models. This report reviews the theory of pesticide transport and transformation in the unsaturated zone, the models used in the expert system, the development and operation of EXPRES, results from an evaluation of EXPRES using four case studies typical of a pesticide assessment, and scenarios illustrating the application of EXPRES. Appendices include a list of pesticides in the EXPRES data base, sample screens, and lists of EXPRES files. This report serves as a user manual for the expert system.
Book Synopsis The "Kleingewässer-Monitoring" (KgM) by : Oliver Weisner
Download or read book The "Kleingewässer-Monitoring" (KgM) written by Oliver Weisner and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s agriculture heavily relies on pesticides to manage diverse pests and maximise crop yields. Despite elaborate regulation of pesticide use based on a complex environmental risk assessment (ERA) scheme, the widespread use of these biologically active compounds has been shown to be a threat to the environment. For surface waters, pesticide exposure has been observed to exceed safe concentration levels and negatively impact stream ecology leading to the question whether current ERA schemes ensure a sustainable use of pesticides. To answer this, the large-scale “Kleingewässer-Monitoring” (KgM) assessed the occurrence of pesticides and related effects in 124 streams throughout Germany, Central Europe, in 2018 and 2019.Based on five scientific publications originating from the KgM, this thesis evaluated pesticide exposure in streams, ecological effects and the regulatory implications. More than 1,000 water samples were analysed for over 100 pesticide analytes to characterise occurrence patterns (publication 1). Measured concentrations and effects were used to validate the exposure and effect concentrations predicted in the ERA (publication 2). By jointly analysing real-world pesticide application data and measured pesticide mixtures in streams, the disregard of environmental pesticide mixtures in the ERA was evaluated (publication 3). The toxic potential of mixtures in stream water was additionally investigated using suspect screening for 395 chemicals and a battery of in-vitro bioassays (publication 4). Finally, the results from the KgM stream monitoring were used to assess the capability to identify pesticide risks in governmental monitoring programmes (publication 5).The results of this thesis reveal the widespread occurrence of pesticides in non-target stream ecosystems. The water samples contained a variety of pesticides occurring in complex mixtures predominantly in short-term peaks after rainfall events (publications 1 & 4). Respective pesticide concentration maxima were linked to declines in vulnerable invertebrate species and exceeded regulatory acceptable concentrations in about 80% of agricultural streams, while these thresholds were still estimated partly insufficient to protect the invertebrate community (publication 2). The co-occurrence of pesticides in streams led to a risk underestimated in the single substance-oriented ERA by a factor of about 3.2 in realistic worst-case scenarios, which is further exacerbated by a high frequency at which non-target organism are exposed to pesticides (publication 3). Stream water samples taken after rainfall caused distinct effects in bioassays which were only explainable to a minor extent by the many analytes, indicating the relevance of unknown chemical or biological mixture components (publication 4). Finally, the regulatory monitoring of surface waters under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was found to significantly underestimate pesticide risks, as about three quarters of critical pesticides and more than half of streams at risk were overlooked (publication 5).Essentially, this thesis involves a new level of validation of the ERA of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems by assessing pesticide occurrence and environmental impacts at a scale so far unique. The overall results demonstrate that the current agricultural use of pesticides leads to significant impacts on stream ecology that go beyond the level tolerated under the ERA. This thesis identified the underestimation of pesticide exposure, the potential insufficiency of regulatory thresholds and the general inertia of the authorisation process as the main causes why the ERA fails to meet its objectives. To achieve a sustainable use of pesticides, the thesis proposes substantial refinements of the ERA. Adequate monitoring programmes such as the KgM, which go beyond current government monitoring efforts, will continue to be needed to keep pesticide regulators constantly informed of the validity of their prospective ERA, which will always be subject to uncertainty.
Book Synopsis Pesticides in Surface Water by : Kean S. Goh
Download or read book Pesticides in Surface Water written by Kean S. Goh and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2020-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly developed pesticides are present in surface waters, but how do we evaluate and understand their effects? Evidence of pesticide contamination of surface waters has spurred interest in aquatic pesticide exposure and its subsequent effects on humans and the environment. This book discusses monitoring, aquatic toxicology, risk assessment, modeling, mitigation, and regulatory efforts to minimize contaminants and protect environmental integrity. Researchers and students at universities, chemists and toxicologists at agrochemical companies and contract laboratories, and consultants involved with resource conservation and environmental risk mitigation will find this work helpful.
Book Synopsis Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply by : National Research Council
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
