Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Assessing Organic Matter Breakdown And Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Headwater Streams
Download Assessing Organic Matter Breakdown And Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Headwater Streams full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Assessing Organic Matter Breakdown And Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Headwater Streams ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Assessing Organic Matter Breakdown and Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Headwater Streams by : Miller Scott Jarrell
Download or read book Assessing Organic Matter Breakdown and Associated Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Headwater Streams written by Miller Scott Jarrell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Feeding Dynamics in Three Forested Headwater Streams in Central Maine by : Emily R. Arsenault
Download or read book Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Feeding Dynamics in Three Forested Headwater Streams in Central Maine written by Emily R. Arsenault and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headwater streams have some of the best quality water in the country (Dissmeyer 2000). Because headwaters eventually flow into other downstream water bodies like rivers and lakes, they are important places to focus research and conservation efforts. All streams in this study had good water quality based on several assessments of macroinvertebrate communities. 1. Judging from metrics of abundance, richness, EPT, and HBI, all study streams had very good water quality. Thirty-nine total families were observed among the three streams. Whittier Stream was the least healthy of the three, most likely as a result of human disturbances such as a road crossing, fishpond, and mill remnants. It is probable these habitat alterations are having an effect on downstream benthic communities. 2. The riparian zone of each stream was forested and stable, but there were some eroding banks at some points along the study reaches. The abundance of sensitive macroinvertebrates (measured using representative Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) increased with increasing percent canopy cover and decreased with high percentages of sand characterizing the streambed. 3. Macroinvertebrates can be categorized into functional feeding groups based on feeding behavior. Shredders should hypothetically be in high abundance in headwater streams due to high riparian organic matter inputs. However, observed shredders were limited. This may be due to seasonal changes in functional feeding group ratios. In addition, all study streams had a predator/prey ratio that was higher than the ratio expected for a typical stream, which suggests that there might be an abundance of prey biomass in the study stream headwaters. 4. Based on results from stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen, most macroinvertebrates within the study streams seem to be omnivorous. The most complex food web was observed at Stony Brook. Food webs of Beaver Brook and Stony Brook showed similar trophic clustering, a pattern that might be indicative of streams with excellent water quality.
Book Synopsis Invasive Shrub (Lonicera Maackii) Effects on Terrestrial-aquatic Linkages in Stream Ecosystems by : Rachel Elizabeth Barker
Download or read book Invasive Shrub (Lonicera Maackii) Effects on Terrestrial-aquatic Linkages in Stream Ecosystems written by Rachel Elizabeth Barker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lonicera maackii, an invasive terrestrial shrub that is dominant in riparian zones, may have substantial impacts on the structure and function of aquatic systems. We investigated linkages between this terrestrial invader and the aquatic community structure in headwater streams by assessing in situ leaf breakdown and the colonization of leaf packs by macroinvertebrates in three 3rd order headwater streams of southwestern Ohio, Possum Run, Fecher Park, and Black Oak Park. Leaf breakdown and colonizing macroinvertebrate taxa richness, density, and functional feeding group relative abundance were assessed using three types of in-stream leaf packs: L. maackii, native (Fraxinus spp., Platanus occidentalus), and a mixture of native and invasive leaves. Invasive leaf breakdown rates were up to 4x faster than native leaves, and significantly less organic matter remained for invasive compared to other leaf types on all sampling days. There were specific macroinvertebrate taxa unique to particular treatments. For instance, invasive leaf packs were dominated by collector-gatherers for the duration of the study and Chironomidae, in particular, was the most important taxon colonizing invasive leaf packs. In contrast, Oligochaeta colonized native leaf packs in greater densities at Possum Run stream and mix leaf packs in Fecher Park stream. Collector-gatherers also dominated mix leaf packs across stream sites and native leaf packs located within Possum Run. In summary, our results demonstrate that L. maackii leaves breakdown significantly faster in headwater streams compared to native leaves, and that macroinvertebrate densities and functional feeding group colonization are influenced by invasive leaf litter input. These results support the hypothesis that L. maackii invasion in riparian zones can have direct and significant impacts on aquatic ecosystems by influencing organic matter processes.
Book Synopsis Assemblage Structure, Production, and Food Web Dynamics of Macroinvertebrates in Tropical Island Headwater Streams by : Keysa G. Rosas-Rodriguez
Download or read book Assemblage Structure, Production, and Food Web Dynamics of Macroinvertebrates in Tropical Island Headwater Streams written by Keysa G. Rosas-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Variation in long-term temperature and precipitation patterns will likely influence the decomposition and export of benthic organic matter and influence aquatic macroinvertebrate consumer communities. Tropical systems are relatively understudied; therefore basal information is urgently needed. As part of an ongoing long-term study, we monitored macroinvertebrates in two shrimp-dominated and fishless headwater streams within the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico from 2009-2010. We combined growth rates with yearly biomass data to calculate secondary production and examined gut contents to develop quantitative food webs. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by a few insect taxa, with similar biotic composition across streams and habitats, but different structure amongst habitats. Biomass and abundance were generally greater in pools, suggesting that pools may provide habitat stability and shelter. Alternatively, shrimp may provide secondary benefits by removing fine sediments given their high density of in pools. Overall, aquatic insects had low biomass; therefore, their production was relatively low as is the case in most tropical areas. However, their turnover rates were not as high as expected. Secondary production appears to rely more on amorphous detritus and allochthonous organic matter rather than algal resources. These data are an important first step towards predicting the long-term effects that expected changes in rainfall and discharge will have in tropical stream communities.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Assessment of Drivers of Ecosystem Functions in Headwater Stream Networks by : Kaitlin Jean Farrell
Download or read book Quantitative Assessment of Drivers of Ecosystem Functions in Headwater Stream Networks written by Kaitlin Jean Farrell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively valuing the contribution of small headwater streams to the functioning of river networks requires an understanding of how physical and biological drivers are linked to ecosystem functions, and of how drivers and functions vary, both within and among stream networks. Despite a large body of work on individual 1st and 2nd order streams, fewer studies have examined patterns in structure or function across different sized streams within a network. Here, I combined field experiments and cross-biome syntheses to link stream structure and function through two focal lenses; the quantity and quality of basal resources, and the role of stream consumers. When developing quantitative relationships between drivers and rates of ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP), and ammonium (NH4) uptake, I found that within a headwater stream network, coarse and fine benthic organic matter standing stocks were positively correlated with ER, while light availability was a strong driver of GPP. Based on extrapolation to the stream network, small 1st and 2nd order streams are expected to play a substantial role in ER and NH4 uptake compared to larger streams. Across four distinct stream networks, benthic organic matter carbon to nitrogen and phosphorus ratios were lower in fine than course fractions. This higher relative nutrient content in fine benthic organic matter suggested that macroinvertebrates feeding on coarse and fine organic matter could be broadly macronutrient or carbon limited, respectively, with implications for in-stream resource cycling. Stream consumers had limited detectable effects on measured metrics of structure and function, both within and among headwater networks. Larval salamanders did not initiate top-down trophic cascades, but reduced stream NH4 uptake rates, potentially through nitrogen excretion. We also did not detect significant consumer effects across stream networks from five biomes, despite differences in consumer biomass and trophic position. However, across biomes, basal resources were strong drivers of both ER and GPP, which indicated that study networks were bottom-up, rather than top-down controlled. Collectively, these four studies highlight the importance of linking measurements of structure and function in headwater streams, to quantify their role in larger stream networks, and as such, advocate for their protection.
Book Synopsis Patterns and Determinants of Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Headwater Stream Networks by : Amber Clarke
Download or read book Patterns and Determinants of Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Headwater Stream Networks written by Amber Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headwater streams dominate stream channel length in catchments. They are important sources of water, sediment and biota for downstream reaches and critical sites for organic matter and nutrient processing. Aquatic biodiversity in headwater streams has been overlooked in comparison to higher-order rivers, and few studies have considered spatial biodiversity patterns in headwater streams, or streams in general. I reviewed studies of macroinvertebrate diversity in headwater streams and found equivocal evidence to support the view that headwater streams harbour high biodiversity. Headwater streams might still make an important contribution to [gamma] (regional) diversity at the landscape (catchment) scale by virtue of high [beta] (among-assemblage) diversity. I studied eight headwater streams from three forested, upland catchments along the Great Dividing Range, Victoria, Australia to test my hypothesis of high [beta] diversity and to understand the spatial patterns and determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in headwater stream networks.Diversity partitioning showed that reaches each had high [alpha] (within-assemblage) diversity, while [beta] diversity made only a small contribution to [gamma] diversity at both the reach and catchment scales. [beta] diversity may have been lower than hypothesized due to relatively small distances between sites and high levels of dispersal among reaches and catchments in the study area. Contrary to other studies that have found environmental factors to be important for explaining variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in headwater streams, I found a limited role for environmental factors structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in the study area.In one year (2008), spatial factors (independent of environmental factors) were the dominant factor structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages. Therefore, metacommunity structure in the study area aligns most closely with the neutral/patch dynamic metacommunity model. This pattern of spatial structuring, coupled with low [beta] diversity, suggests that high neighbourhood dispersal might be the main factor structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in the study area. Flow permanence had only a seasonal effect on macroinvertebrate diversity and so there is a temporal component to the spatial diversity patterns in this system.The explicit recognition of stream ecosystems as spatially structured networks has increased our understanding of ecological patterns and processes, and provided the impetus for this research. Recent advances in the study of networks, particularly in the fields of physics and network theory, offer an opportunity to considerably extend the current application of the network concept in stream ecology.Determining the relative contributions of [alpha] and [beta] diversity to [gamma] diversity, and the scale dependence of [alpha] and [beta] components, provides vital information for conservation planning because optimal reserve designs will differ depending on the relative contributions of [alpha] and [beta] diversity. My finding of high [alpha] and low [beta] diversity indicates that each stream in the study area can be considered to have low irreplaceability and the capacity to contribute a large portion of species to regional conservation targets.Information on spatial patterns of diversity is urgently required for systematic conservation planning for freshwater reserves if we are to halt the rapid decline in global freshwater biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Macroinvertebrate Community Structure of Headwater Streams of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas, in Relation to Physicochemical Environmental Variables by : Carl Willard Dick
Download or read book Macroinvertebrate Community Structure of Headwater Streams of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas, in Relation to Physicochemical Environmental Variables written by Carl Willard Dick and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems by : Thomas S. Bianchi
Download or read book Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Thomas S. Bianchi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a unique and thorough look at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. Defining a chemical biomarker as a compound that can be linked to particular sources of organic matter identified in the sediment record, the book indicates that the application of these biomarkers for an understanding of aquatic ecosystems consists of a biogeochemical approach that has been quite successful but underused. This book offers a wide-ranging guide to the broad diversity of these chemical biomarkers, is the first to be structured around the compounds themselves, and examines them in a connected and comprehensive way. This timely book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking training in this area; researchers in biochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry; researchers working on aspects of organic cycling in aquatic ecosystems; and paleoceanographers, petroleum geologists, and ecologists. Provides a guide to the broad diversity of chemical biomarkers in aquatic environments The first textbook to be structured around the compounds themselves Describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers Offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments Demonstrates the utility of using organic molecules as tracers of processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems, both modern and ancient
Book Synopsis Cotton Strip Assay by : A. F. Harrison
Download or read book Cotton Strip Assay written by A. F. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determining the Association Between the Structure of Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Agricultural Best Management Practices by : Roger Holmes (M.Sc.)
Download or read book Determining the Association Between the Structure of Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Agricultural Best Management Practices written by Roger Holmes (M.Sc.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farmers have been encouraged to adopt more sustainable farming practices (BMPs) that mitigate adverse agricultural effects on the natural environment. However, the ability of BMPs to protect or restore riverine systems continues to be questioned due to limited evidence directly linking BMP use with improved ecological conditions. The exclusion of hydrological pathways in previous field studies may explain why a direct link has not yet been established. The goal of this study was to assess the association between benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and the number and location of agricultural BMPs. Macroinvertebrates and water chemistry were sampled in 30 headwater catchments in the Grand River Watershed. Catchments exhibited gradients of BMP use and location as measured by the degree of hydrologic connectedness. Stepwise ordination regressions and variance partitioning were used to determine which environmental variables (i.e., BMP metrics, water chemistry parameters, habitat characteristics, and land use variables) were associated with benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. Water chemistry parameters were negatively associated with BMP metrics suggesting BMPs were mitigating losses of nutrients and sediments. However, BMP abundance and location explained minimal variation in benthic macroinvertebrate structure within the 30 sampled catchments. The absence of a strong association between BMPs and benthic macroinvertebrates may indicate a need for greater numbers and targeted siting of BMPS to improve water quality beyond a threshold point that would allow recolonization of intolerant invertebrate taxa. Focusing of conservation goals on ecological conditions and the promotion of BMPs that enhance in-stream habitat may also be required.
Book Synopsis Using the Reference Condition Approach to Assess the Effects of Environmental Stressors on the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure of Precambrian Shield Headwater Streams by : Beth Gilbert
Download or read book Using the Reference Condition Approach to Assess the Effects of Environmental Stressors on the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure of Precambrian Shield Headwater Streams written by Beth Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationships Between Headwater Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities and Summer Low-flow Events in a Temperate Rain Forest by :
Download or read book The Relationships Between Headwater Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities and Summer Low-flow Events in a Temperate Rain Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a forested headwater stream system as a model, the effects of inter-annual variation in summer discharge regimes on aquatic insect communities were investigated. More specifically, the benthic invertebrate community response to the intensity, minimum discharges, frequency, duration and abruptness of summer low-flow events were examined. We hypothesized that intensification of summer low-flow events, both in duration and magnitude, have some negative impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in riffles. Examples of negative impacts include reduction in their abundance and/or biodiversity. First, the abundance and functional trait data of the benthic macroinvertebrates in the three streams in the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, British Columbia, Canada, were analyzed with respect to the low-flow events. Second, population models were built to simulate the potential responses of lotic aquatic insect communities to future climate change scenarios that differ in the rate of intensifications in extreme flow events: a low-flow event scenario within the current range versus 10% increase in intensity. The summer low-flow events were found to have a significant relationship with benthic macroinvertebrate communities through three-table ordinations of the empirical data. The community structure was correlated with a major ocean-atmosphere regime shift (Pacific Decadal Oscillation). The intensity and duration of low-flow events explained the observed shift in community structure favouring r-selected traits (e.g. short life cycle, high reproduction rate). The two low-flow severity scenarios showed the significant differential impacts on the aquatic insect community structures when individual populations were modeled according to their traits. Aquatic insects could be separated into three groups according to their sensitivities, measured by extinction rates, toward the two scenarios.
Book Synopsis Refining Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Community Metrics for the Assessment of Headwater Streams in New York State by : Brian T. Duffy
Download or read book Refining Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Community Metrics for the Assessment of Headwater Streams in New York State written by Brian T. Duffy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Stream Macroinvertebrate Community Structure, Secondary Production, and Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus Stoichiometry Along an Urban Development Gradient in Louisville, KY (U.S.A.) by : Robert Clayton Johnson
Download or read book Dynamics of Stream Macroinvertebrate Community Structure, Secondary Production, and Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus Stoichiometry Along an Urban Development Gradient in Louisville, KY (U.S.A.) written by Robert Clayton Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future expansion of urban areas is one of the most pervasive threats to the natural environment and the services it provides society. In this dissertation, the dynamics of stream macroinvertebrate community structure, secondary production and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus stoichiometry along an urban development gradient in Louisville, KY are assessed. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems with an emphasis on macroinvertebrate communities. In Chapter 2, the effects of urbanization on macroinvertebrate and fish communities are assessed at 24 stream sites that drain catchments with varying degrees of urbanization in Louisville. The analysis revealed strong relationships between urbanization, in-stream disturbances induced by urbanization and both biotic communities. In chapter 3, the temporal variation in macroinvertebrate community structure of six streams in Louisville is assessed. From this analysis, it was apparent that temporal variation in macroinvertebrate taxon abundances throughout the year, which primarily resulted from taxon life history differences, can affect the interpretation of biotic indices used to assess the biological integrity of streams. In chapter 4, macroinvertebrate secondary production (i.e. the rate of macroinvertebrate biomass accumulation over time) we quantified at each of the six sites assessed in Chapter 3, and identifies possible regulatory factors of macroinvertebrate production along the urban gradient. In this analysis, macroinvertebrate secondary production was strongly associated with changes in the quantity and quality of food resources at each site. Finally, in chapter 5, macroinvertebrate production data (Chapter 4) are combined with the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus body elemental contents of each macroinvertebrate taxon to determine how differences in macroinvertebrate community structure and secondary production at each site affect the flow of these vital elements through macroinvertebrate communities. Strong relationships we observed between phosphorus loading into streams, macroinvertebrate production, and the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus stoichiometry of macroinvertebrate communities at each site. Overall, these results suggest that stream biodiversity is greatly reduced with increasing urbanization in Louisville. Moreover, in addition to losses of biodiversity, secondary production stoichiometric analyses, which are relatively unstudied phenomena in urban streams, indicate potential changes in the roles of these communities in the fundamental ecosystem processes of energy flow and nutrient cycling.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual by :
Download or read book Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods in Stream Ecology by : Gary Lamberti
Download or read book Methods in Stream Ecology written by Gary Lamberti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Stream Ecology: Volume 2: Ecosystem Structure, Third Edition, provides a complete series of field and laboratory protocols in stream ecology that are ideal for teaching or conducting research. This new two-part edition is updated to reflect recent advances in the technology associated with ecological assessment of streams, including remote sensing. Volume two covers community interactions, ecosystem processes and ecosystem quality. With a student-friendly price, this new edition is key for all students and researchers in stream and freshwater ecology, freshwater biology, marine ecology and river ecology. This book is also supportive as a supplementary text for courses in watershed ecology/science, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology and landscape ecology. Methods in Stream Ecology, 3rd Edition, Volume 1: Ecosystem Structure, is also available now! Provides a variety of exercises in each chapter Includes detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae and data sheets for in-field research for students Presents taxonomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae Includes website with tables and a links written by leading experts in stream ecology
Book Synopsis The Effects of Drought on Community Structure of Stream Macroinvertebrates by : Kate Roberts
Download or read book The Effects of Drought on Community Structure of Stream Macroinvertebrates written by Kate Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural stresses such as drought can cause changes in macroinvertebrate community composition over time. This study examines the relationship between low flows, macroinvertebrate habitat and the macroinvertbrate community. The sensitivity of AUSRIVAS biological monitoring methods to impacts associated with low flows are also examined. A flow threshold was used to define low flows and to test for changes in macroinvertebrate habitat and macroinvertebrate communities. Assessments of the biological condition of the macroinvertebrate community were performed using AUSRIVAS predictive models. Low flows reduced the available habitat for macroinvertebrates, thus altering resources for macroinvertebrates. However, macroinvertebrate abundance and community composition showed no significant response to the effects of low. AUSRIVAS assessments detected few reductions in biological condition of macroinvertebrate under low flow conditions. The threshold value used to define drought was useful for determining habitat change, but was appropriate for determinig levels at which changes to the macroinvertebrate community occur. Alternative methods such as a combination of low flow thresholds, low flow duration and channel characteristics may enable observations of biological impacts associated with low flow conditions.
