Aspects Critical To Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique As A Viable Approach For Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion

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Aspects Critical to Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique as a Viable Approach for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion

Author : Thehazhnan K. Ponnaiyan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects Critical to Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique as a Viable Approach for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion by : Thehazhnan K. Ponnaiyan

Download or read book Aspects Critical to Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique as a Viable Approach for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion written by Thehazhnan K. Ponnaiyan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declining nonrenewable petroleum resources combined with political and environmental concerns over fossil fuels have necessitated the search for alternate energy sources. Plant (lignocellulosic) biomass, which includes the fibrous, woody, and generally inedible portion of plant matter, is an abundant, inexpensive, and sustainable source of organic carbon that can be processed to produce fuel ethanol and a variety of other chemicals. The biological conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol could offer high yields at low costs, but only if more improvement is seen in technology for releasing simple sugars from recalcitrant biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major components- cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose and hemicellulose portions when hydrolyzed into glucose and pentose sugars, can be fermented to produce fuel. The pretreatment of biomass is a crucial step, and in recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been gaining recognition as environmentally benign solvents for biomass pretreatment, owing to their favorable properties. Although a promising route, IL pretreatment still harbors several critical aspects that require further investigation, and the goal of this dissertation is to address these concerns. A key aspect that influences the economic viability of the ionic liquid pretreatment technique is the recovery and reuse of ILs. The extent of recovery of the IL under investigation, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM-Ac), is investigated and the results are presented in chapter 3. It is shown that the ionic liquid does not irreversibly adsorb onto the biomass and can be recovered in the displacement solvent (water is used as antisolvent for separating ionic liquid from the biomass after pretreatment) at different biomass loadings. Nearly complete recovery of IL in wash solutions is achieved and no appreciable loss in its effectiveness for subsequent pretreatment is observed for over 9 recycle stages. However, the water from the IL-water wash mix needs to be separated from the IL to facilitate its continued efficiency for further pretreatment. From a techno-economic point of view, when such separations are employed on an industrial scale, the energy aspects involved in the recovery of ionic liquids become important. A better understanding of the driving force for separation between the ionic liquid and the antisolvent requires the availability of vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) for the binary mixture.This provides the motivation to develop a novel and rapid method for the generation of (VLE) data using thermogravimetric analysis, and the results are discussed in chapter 4. VLE data over almost the entire composition range of EMIMAc-water mixtures at five different temperatures (60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0 and 100.0 °C) is generated. This method may be extended to other hydrophilic IL-water systems or to IL-ethanol binary mixtures as well. In the instance when ethanol is used as the antisolvent during the pretreatment step, again, it is necessary to separate the ethanol from the IL by suitable means before the IL can be reused. In light of this, it is of interest to quantify the amount of ethanol remaining in the IL, if any, after the separation. This motive led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the determination of residual ethanol content in hydrophilic ILs, and the results are presented in chapter 5. The method utilizes headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography to quantify ethanol in ILs. In an integrated biorefinery, another key aspect that can reinforce economic viability is the complete utilization of all components of the biomass, including the lignin portion, to produce value added products. Lignin, given its interesting functionalities and properties owing to its complex aromatic nature, has ample potential to be converted in a wide array of value-added products ranging from adhesives and surfactants to flame retardant material and aromatic acids. Since the IL pretreatment technique is relatively new, the kind of lignin resulting from such a pretreatment needs to be better understood as it is important to assess its usability for further processing. This motive resulted in the characterization of lignin produced from IL pretreated biomass, as discussed in chapter 6. Techniques employed include Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis, Elemental CHN (Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen) analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13NMR), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and MatrixAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). A better understanding of these key aspects mentioned above will help facilitate further advancement of the IL pretreatment technique as a viable approach for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author : Pratima Bajpai
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811640130
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Pratima Bajpai

Download or read book Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and recent advances in their application in lignocellulosic biomass processing. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to biofuels, biochemicals and other value-added products has attracted global attention because it is a readily available, inexpensive and renewable resource. However, in order for biomass technologies to be commercially viable, biomass recalcitrance needs to be cost-effectively reduced. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new ‘green' solvents that have the high potential for biomass processing thanks to their low cost, low toxicity, biodegradability, and easy recycling and reuse. After an overview of the current lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, the book discusses the synthesis and physiochemical properties of DESs, as well as key findings on the effects of DES on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin solubilization, biomass pretreatment and biomass crystallinity. It then addresses the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of DES-pretreated solids, compatibility of DESs with enzymes and microorganisms, and the recycling potential of DESs. Lastly, it compares DESs with ionic liquids, and examines the challenges and opportunities relating to extending the use of DESs in lignocellulosic processing.

Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery

Author : S.I. Mussatto
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128025611
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery by : S.I. Mussatto

Download or read book Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery written by S.I. Mussatto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock-based Biorefinery reviews the extensive research and tremendous scientific and technological developments that have occurred in the area of biorefinering, including industrial processes and product development using ‘green technologies’, often referred as white biotechnology. As there is a huge need for new design concepts for modern biorefineries as an alternative and amendment to industrial crude oil and gas refineries, this book presents the most important topics related to biomass fractionation, including advances, challenges, and perspectives, all with references to current literature for further study. Presented in 26 chapters by international field specialists, each chapter consists of review text that comprises the most recent advances, challenges, and perspectives for each fractionation technique. The book is an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass Reviews numerous valuable products from lignocellulose Discusses integration of processes for complete biomass conversion with minimum waste generation Identifies the research gaps in scale-up Presents an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation

Characterization and Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author : Indira Priya Samayam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (781 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization and Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Indira Priya Samayam

Download or read book Characterization and Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Indira Priya Samayam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation research is to gain a more fundamental understanding of the impact of ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in production of ethanol and other chemicals through a sugar platform and biochemical conversion of polysaccharides to monomeric sugars. Recalcitrance of cellulose hydrolysis is a primary roadblock for efficient enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to monomeric sugars that are fermented to ethanol or other products. The structure of lignocellulosic biomass is rendered amenable to enzymatic saccharification upon IL pretreatment. Changes in the structure of cellulose in relation to the biomass digestibility with varying ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment were examined. Conversion of native cellulose I to amorphous cellulose or cellulose II improved the susceptibility of cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis. The performance of commercial enzyme mixtures were evaluated through saccharification of IL pretreated biomass substrates (poplar and switchgrass) at low biomass slurry concentrations. Poplar and switchgrass hydrolysis with commercial cellulase, Spezyme CP, and Multifect Xylanase showed synergism between the two enzymes. However, switchgrass hydrolysis was less complete than that of poplar, likely due to differences in hemicellulose structural features. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides in lignocellulose at high biomass slurry concentrations is essential in economical fermentation of hydrolyzates to ethanol and other products. Commercial enzyme mixtures were varied for simultaneous or sequential hydrolysis and fermentation of pentose and hexose sugars with Pichia stipitis for IL treated poplar. In sequential hydrolysis of poplar at modest enzyme loadings of 9 mg/g xylan Multifect Xylanase, 1.8 mg/ g xylan SXA (ß-xylosidase) at 50°C in the first step and 10 FPU/g glucan Spezyme CP, and 40 CBU/g glucan Novozyme 188 at 25°C in the second step, the yields of glucose and xylose at 15% (w/v) solid loadings were 61% and 83%, respectively. The incomplete hydrolysis may be due to the accumulation of cellobiose and low activity of enzymes at 25°C. Further increase in Novozyme 188 loadings or hydrolysis may improve hydrolysis yields. A maximum of 66% theoretical ethanol yield based on initial sugar analysis of poplar was expected from these hydrolyzates if all the released sugars were fermented to ethanol. In sequential hydrolysis and fermentation with P. stipitis, 56% theoretical ethanol yields based on the initial sugar composition of poplar respectively was achieved.

Biochemical Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Biomass

Author : Christopher James Barr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochemical Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Biomass by : Christopher James Barr

Download or read book Biochemical Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Biomass written by Christopher James Barr and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation research is to gain a deeper understanding of two major processes in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to monomeric sugars. These two core processes are the ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment step as well as biochemical (enzymatic) conversion of polysaccharides to monomeric sugars. Cellulose, one of the three primary components of lignocellulosic biomass, is recalcitrant to enzymatic deconstruction due, in part, to a predominantly crystalline structure. Enzymatic access to cellulose is restricted by hemicellulose and lignin. Pretreatment of lignocellulose by ionic liquids can result in a change in the cellulose structure as well as removal or redistribution of the hemicellulose and lignin. These changes result in a regenerated substrate that is more easily hydrolyzed compared to native substrates. Changes in cellulose structure as well as compositional changes within lignocellulosic biomass were examined as a response to changes in the IL incubation temperature. Maxima in 24 hour hydrolysis of glucan to glucose appears to be substrate dependent with maxima at incubation temperatures: 120°C for poplar, 110°C for switchgrass, and 100°C for corn stover. At these temperatures, native cellulose I was converted to a primarily amorphous substrate where the residual crystalline cellulose exhibits predominantly cellulose II features. This optimal incubation temperature occurred before dramatic xylan losses to the IL wash. In a substrate with minimal lignin and xylan (newspaper), a maximum in enzyme digestibility was seen at a considerably lower (60°C) pretreatment temperature. Differences in polysaccharide structure of IL pretreated poplar and switchgrass can impact hydrolysis of these polysaccharides to monomeric sugars and the formulation of the enzyme mixture needed for complete hydrolysis. These differences predicated studies with mono-component enzymes to determine critical enzyme activities and interactions. Endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, ß-glucosidase, endoxylanase, and ß-xylosidase were shown to be critical during hydrolysis for both poplar and switchgrass. Initial studies showed differences between poplar and switchgrass. Beneficial accessory enzymes necessary for hydrolysis of poplar were ferulic acid esterase and exopolygalacturonase while switchgrass required a-L-arabinofuranosidase and ferulic acid esterase. Further studies on switchgrass varying ß-glucosidase activity showed only a-L-arabinofuranosidase was necessary only for hydrolysis of IL pretreated switchgrass. Commercially available enzyme mixtures used for the digestion of lignocellulosic biomass contain many different types of enzymes. The composition of these enzyme mixtures are relatively unknown and are traditionally characterized by the amount of sugar released from the hydrolysis of filter paper in one hour (filter paper unit, FPU). This characterization does not quantitate the xylanolytic component within the mixture, especially accessory hemicellulases whose necessity may vary between substrates. Supplementation of the commercial mixture, Cellic CTec2, with a-L-arabinofuranosidase improved switchgrass xylose yields by 75% and resulted in complete conversion of switchgrass xylan at lower enzyme loadings than previous studies.

Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals

Author : Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128173114
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals by : Ashok Pandey

Download or read book Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks and Conversion Processes for the Production of Liquid and Gaseous Biofuels, Second Edition, provides general information, basic data and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—liquid and gaseous biofuels—and their production and application. The book delineates green technologies for abating environmental crisis and enabling the transformation into a sustainable future. It provides date-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative technology on biofuels, as well as the process scale-up and commercialization of various liquid and gaseous biofuels, detailing the functional mechanisms involved, various operational configurations, influencing factors and integration strategies. All chapters have been updated, with new chapters covering topics of current interest, including sustainability and biohydrogen. Presents a holistic view of biofuels in research, operation, scale-up and application Widens the scope of the existing technologies, providing state-of-the-art information and knowledge Provides strategic integrations of various bioprocesses that are essential in establishing a circular biorefinery Contains interdisciplinary knowledge on the environment, molecular biology, engineering, biotechnology, microbiology and economic aspects Integrates various subjects, including biotechnology, bioengineering, molecular biology, environmental science, sustainability science and chemical engineering

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid-pretreated Lignocellulose

Author : Kierston Ellen Shill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid-pretreated Lignocellulose by : Kierston Ellen Shill

Download or read book Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid-pretreated Lignocellulose written by Kierston Ellen Shill and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth, and is found in lignocellulosic biomass. In order to access this carbon source for biofuel production, a process must be developed that breaks down the natural barriers the plant has in place to protect itself from degradation. The natural breakdown of biomass by organisms involves a variety of enzymes that work together to make the carbon source available. Cellulose can be hydrolyzed in an acid-catalyzed process by cellulase enzymes to form glucose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose relies on the initial adsorption of cellulases to the solid lignocellulose surface, and thus the reaction can be limited by surface area. Additionally, hemicellulose and lignin combine to act as barriers to adsorption, both physically and through competitive binding that inactivates the enzymes. Cellulose crystallinity also inhibits enzymatic degradation by limiting surface area and decreasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. All of these factors make enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose slow for untreated biomass, and make pretreatment a necessary step for biofuel production. Several pretreatment methods have been developed to make biomass more amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis. A promising approach is biomass dissolution in ionic liquids (ILs) followed by the addition of an anti-solvent to precipitate the cellulosic fraction of the biomass prior to hydrolysis. A cellulase mixture can then quickly and efficiently hydrolyze the precipitated biomass. The enzymatic hydrolysis by a cellulase cocktail of Miscanthus x giganteus, a lignocellulosic biomass, pretreated with the IL 1-ethyl,3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) was studied. The IL pretreatment time and temperature parameters have been studied, and a kinetic model was developed to optimize the pretreatment conditions for improved cellulose and hemicellulose enzymatic conversion. This kinetic model indicated a wide range of optimal pretreatment conditions, from high temperatures / short times to lower temperatures / long times. Variables obtained from the kinetic model are within reported ranges of experimentally obtained values for other pretreatments, indicating that the model may be broadly applicable to a variety of lignocellulosic pretreatment processes. Since ionic liquid pretreatment provides a readily-hydrolysable substrate, other factors, such as enzyme loading, product inhibition, and solids loading, become important. For industrially-relevant processes, the enzymatic hydrolysis must produce and tolerate high levels of glucose. We have investigated the effects of glucose concentration on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel, [Emim][OAc]-pretreated Avicel, and [Emim][OAc]-pretreated Miscanthus. Both cellobiose and glucose production were monitored over time, and cellobiose was found to be present at appreciable concentrations when high levels of glucose were present. This effect is more pronounced with [Emim][OAc]-pretreated substrates. A competitive inhibition model was fit to the hydrolysis data and found to fit moderately well. However, this model was unable to capture both the fast initial glucose production and prolonged cellobiose presence, highlighting the need for a more mechanistic kinetic model. By studying the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, we will be able to better understand and direct the engineering of substrates, enzymes, and processes for more effective hydrolysis under industrially relevant conditions.

A Life Cycle Assessment of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author : Greg M. Avery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis A Life Cycle Assessment of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Greg M. Avery

Download or read book A Life Cycle Assessment of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Greg M. Avery and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to perform a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of an ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment, beginning with the harvested lignocellulosic feedstock poplar and ending with the monosaccharide product glucose. This LCA looks at two different routes for IL incubation and pretreatment: the more traditional high-temperature route (HTR) and low-temperature route (LTR) which consists of a two-step pretreatment with an oxidation step followed by IL incubation. This LCA examines the effects of chemical and energy inputs when determining the environmental impacts for production of one kilogram of the functional unit glucose. Impacts were not allocated to xylose and lignin co-products. The impact categories included in the LCA are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Photochemical Oxidation Creation Potential (POCP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). The effects of recovering and recycling the IL and anti-solvent used in the LTR and HTR pretreatment are also examined. The anti-solvents used in this analysis were ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile. The recovery methods examined are evaporation and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE). The combination of LTR, HTR, anti-solvent choice, and recovery method results in a total of twelve scenarios examined in the LCA. Experiments were performed using SCFE to determine the ratio of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to anti-solvent as a function of recovery of anti-solvent from IL. Energy inputs were estimated for several composite parts of the process: pretreatment, saccharification, and IL/anti-solvent recovery. Recovery steps required the largest portion of total energy input. Thermal and electrical energy inputs and their associated impacts were also defined. The energy inputs for SCFE were derived from chemical process simulation with AspenPlus. Heat integration was used to minimize energy requirements. The LTR was found to produce fewer impacts than the HTR in most scenarios for both chemical and energy inputs. Determining which anti-solvent and recovery method is the most sustainable depends on the impact category chosen for comparison. Acetonitrile requires the least amount of CO2 for recovery with SCFE, and subsequently produces fewer impacts than methanol or ethanol in each impact category when SCFE is used. SCFE has lower impacts in GWP, POCP, and AP than evaporation when acetonitrile is used as the anti-solvent. For this scenario, the least impactful route (LTR or HTR) depends on which impact category is chosen for comparison. Evaporation requires less energy input for recovery compared to SCFE when ethanol or methanol is used as the anti-solvent and more when acetonitrile is used. The scenario that produces the fewest overall impacts is ethanol anti-solvent (followed by methanol anti-solvent), using the LTR and evaporation recovery method. This is true in all impact categories. This is conditional upon recovering ~98% of the IL and anti-solvent from biomass washing during pretreatment, and ~100% with either recovery method.

A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Ethanol

Author : Anantharam P. Dadi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Ethanol by : Anantharam P. Dadi

Download or read book A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Ethanol written by Anantharam P. Dadi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lignin Valorization

Author : Gregg T. Beckham
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782625542
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Lignin Valorization by : Gregg T. Beckham

Download or read book Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.

Identification and Quantitation of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Biomass Pretreatment Hydrolysates Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Ultraviolet Detection and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Download Identification and Quantitation of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Biomass Pretreatment Hydrolysates Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Ultraviolet Detection and Tandem Mass Spectrometry PDF Online Free

Author : Lekh Nath Sharma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification and Quantitation of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Biomass Pretreatment Hydrolysates Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Ultraviolet Detection and Tandem Mass Spectrometry by : Lekh Nath Sharma

Download or read book Identification and Quantitation of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Biomass Pretreatment Hydrolysates Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Ultraviolet Detection and Tandem Mass Spectrometry written by Lekh Nath Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pretreatment of Biomass

Author : Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128003960
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Biomass by : Ashok Pandey

Download or read book Pretreatment of Biomass written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass

Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass by :

Download or read book Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Alternative Energy Sources for Green Chemistry

Author : Georgios Stefanidis
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782623639
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Energy Sources for Green Chemistry by : Georgios Stefanidis

Download or read book Alternative Energy Sources for Green Chemistry written by Georgios Stefanidis and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of alternative energy forms and transfer mechanisms is one of the key approaches of process intensification. In recent years, significant amounts of research have been carried out in developing chemical processing technologies enhanced by plasma, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic and ultra-sound waves and high gravity fields. Discussing the broad impact of alternative energy transfer technologies on reactions, separations and materials synthesis, this book reports on recent breakthrough results in various application areas. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current developments in the field. The book enables industrialists, academics and postgraduates in alternative-energy based processing to see the potential of alternative energies for green chemistry and sustainability of chemical manufacturing.

Lignocellulose Conversion

Author : Vincenza Faraco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642378617
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Conversion by : Vincenza Faraco

Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.

Biorefinery

Author : Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030109615
Total Pages : 763 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Biorefinery by : Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel

Download or read book Biorefinery written by Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the biorefinery of biomass feedstocks. In-depth chapters highlight the scientific and technical aspects and present a techno-economic analysis of such systems. By using a TEA approach, the authors present feasible pathways for conversion of biomass (both residual biomass, energy crops and algae biomass), showing the different possibilities for the production of biochemical materials, biofuels, and fertilizers. The concepts presented in this book will link companies, investors, and governments by providing a framework that will help reduce pollutants and create a biomass related economy that incorporates the newest developments and technologies in the area.

Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author : Anuj Chandel
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535111191
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Anuj Chandel

Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.