Arrhythmic And Vascular Complications Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Covid 19 An Issue Of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics E Book

Download Arrhythmic And Vascular Complications Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Covid 19 An Issue Of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics E Book full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Arrhythmic And Vascular Complications Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Covid 19 An Issue Of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics E Book ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Arrhythmic and Vascular Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book

Author : Domenico G. Della Rocca
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032398732X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Arrhythmic and Vascular Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book by : Domenico G. Della Rocca

Download or read book Arrhythmic and Vascular Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book written by Domenico G. Della Rocca and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Domenico G. Della Rocca, Giovanni B. Forleo, and Andrea Natale bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Arrhythmic and Vascular Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Top experts in the field cover key topics such as prevalence and clinical implications of COVID-19 myocarditis; electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of COVID-19 patients; imaging findings of COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications; the role of digital health during COVID-19 pandemic; and more. - Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including prevalence, management, and outcomes of supraventricular arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients; prevalence, management, and outcomes of ventricular arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients; COVID-19 associated endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury; COVID-19, acute myocardial injury, and infarction; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on arrhythmic and vascular complications of COVID-19, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Interventional Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book

Author : Auras R. Atreya
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323987982
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Interventional Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book by : Auras R. Atreya

Download or read book Interventional Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book written by Auras R. Atreya and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Auras R. Atreya and Calambur Narasimhan bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation. - Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Cardiac Conduction System Disorders, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book

Author : Eric N. Prystowsky
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323897371
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cardiac Conduction System Disorders, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book by : Eric N. Prystowsky

Download or read book Cardiac Conduction System Disorders, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book written by Eric N. Prystowsky and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, Guest Editors Eric N. Prystowsky and Benzy Padanilam bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Cardiac Conduction System Disorders. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as sinus node abnormalities, electrocardiography of AV block, AV conduction, pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy, and more. - Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on Cardiac Conduction System Disorders, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. - Contains 16 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Anatomy and Pathology of the cardiac conduction system; Physiologic variants of cardiac conduction; Genetic abnormalities of SA node and AV conduction?; Epidemiology of Prolonged PR interval; and more.

Advances in physiologic pacing, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book

Author : Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323987125
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in physiologic pacing, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book by : Kenneth A. Ellenbogen

Download or read book Advances in physiologic pacing, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book written by Kenneth A. Ellenbogen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-06-19 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman, and Santosh Padala bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Advances in Physiologic Pacing (such as dual-chamber (DDD and DDDR) and atrium-based pacing (AAI and AAIR) in contrast to ventricle-based pacing (VVI and VVIR). Top experts in the field cover key topics such as what we have learned from computer modeling of hemodynamics and LV pacing; troubleshooting the pacemaker EKG in patients with conduction system pacing; what intracardiac tracings have taught us about LBBB; multisite pacing in CRT; and more. - Contains 20 relevant, practice-oriented topics including basic principles of hemodynamics during pacing; pacing optimized by dP/dt; optimization of CRT: Q-LV; programming algorithms for CRT; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on physiologic pacing, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book

Download The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book PDF Online Free

Author : Giuseppe Bagliani
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323919820
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book by : Giuseppe Bagliani

Download or read book The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, E-Book written by Giuseppe Bagliani and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-09-25 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Giuseppe Bagliani, Roberto De Ponti, and Fabio Leonelli bring their considerable expertise to the topic of the multifaced aspects of atrial flutter interpreted by precision electrocardiology. Top experts in the field teach readers to discriminate the different forms of atrial flutter based on surface electrocardiogram and intracavitary signals and to correctly approach this arrhythmia invasively by ablation. Readers will also learn the importance of the appropriate treatment in different patient populations. - Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including normal and abnormal atrial anatomy relevant to atrial flutters: areas of physiological and acquired conduction blocks and delays predisposing to re-entry; electrocardiographic approach to atrial flutter: classifications and differential diagnosis; pathophysiology of typical and atypical atrial flutter; atrial flutters in adults with congenital heart disease; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on atrial flutter as interpreted by precision electrocardiology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Author : Andrea Natale
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1849963908
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (499 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Andrea Natale

Download or read book Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Andrea Natale and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in cardiology. There are currently no comprehensive case based books in this field. A Case Review of Cardiac Electrophysiology is a case based review of cardiac electrophysiology. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive case based review of cardiac electrophysiology. It will include implantable device cases as well as ablation cases and difficult clinical cases and may be used as a useful review in cardiac electrophysiology for those taking board examinations. There will also be cases that will be useful for associate professionals working in the field of cardiac electrophysiology including those individuals working for industry.

Cardioimmunology: Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease

Author : Mohamed Boutjdir
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889633977
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cardioimmunology: Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease by : Mohamed Boutjdir

Download or read book Cardioimmunology: Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease written by Mohamed Boutjdir and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Telemedicine During and Beyond COVID-19

Author : Sonu Bhaskar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889667391
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Telemedicine During and Beyond COVID-19 by : Sonu Bhaskar

Download or read book Telemedicine During and Beyond COVID-19 written by Sonu Bhaskar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Author : Sara Thorne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198759959
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adult Congenital Heart Disease by : Sara Thorne

Download or read book Adult Congenital Heart Disease written by Sara Thorne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical approach to the investigation and treatment of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), this fully updated Oxford Specialist Handbook is a concise and accessible overview of a complex condition. Packed with straightforward advice, management strategies and key clinical points, it equips clinicians with a sound understanding of the principles and physiology of ACHD. An ideal reference tool for cardiology trainees, general cardiologists and acute medicine physicians, this second edition of Adult Congenital Heart Disease has been fully reviewed to include new guidelines and increased illustations to aid understanding. Brand new chapters on epidemiology, heart failure, device therapy and transition and transfer of care ensure that Adult Congenital Heart Disease remains the definitive guide to supporting clinicians throughout all aspects of the patient's care.

Myocardial Repolarization: From Gene to Bedside

Author : Ali Oto
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780879934774
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (347 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Myocardial Repolarization: From Gene to Bedside by : Ali Oto

Download or read book Myocardial Repolarization: From Gene to Bedside written by Ali Oto and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001-12-10 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A convenient guide of easily accessible information on the mechanisms of myocardial repolarization and related clinical issues. This book provides a unique collection of contributions by prominent cardiologists on the current knowledge of the mechanisms of arrhythmias, the molecular and genetic bases of noninvasive electrocardiologic diagnosis, and other related clinical issues. In addition to mechanistic aspects, recent developments in the diagnosis of arrhythmias using newly recognized markers (QT dispersion, T-wave alternans, etc.) and their clinical importance are addressed in an easily accessible manner by world-renowned authors. The book is a quick-reference for practicing cardiologists and electrophysiologists, those in training, and others who work in the field of arrhythmology.

The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309262011
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications for Health Care. In that report, the IOM Committee on Evaluating Clinical Applications of Telemedicine found telemedicine is similar in most respects to other technologies for which better evidence of effectiveness is also being demanded. Telemedicine, however, has some special characteristics-shared with information technologies generally-that warrant particular notice from evaluators and decision makers. Since that time, attention to telehealth has continued to grow in both the public and private sectors. Peer-reviewed journals and professional societies are devoted to telehealth, the federal government provides grant funding to promote the use of telehealth, and the private technology industry continues to develop new applications for telehealth. However, barriers remain to the use of telehealth modalities, including issues related to reimbursement, licensure, workforce, and costs. Also, some areas of telehealth have developed a stronger evidence base than others. The Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) sponsored the IOM in holding a workshop in Washington, DC, on August 8-9 2012, to examine how the use of telehealth technology can fit into the U.S. health care system. HRSA asked the IOM to focus on the potential for telehealth to serve geographically isolated individuals and extend the reach of scarce resources while also emphasizing the quality and value in the delivery of health care services. This workshop summary discusses the evolution of telehealth since 1996, including the increasing role of the private sector, policies that have promoted or delayed the use of telehealth, and consumer acceptance of telehealth. The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment: Workshop Summary discusses the current evidence base for telehealth, including available data and gaps in data; discuss how technological developments, including mobile telehealth, electronic intensive care units, remote monitoring, social networking, and wearable devices, in conjunction with the push for electronic health records, is changing the delivery of health care in rural and urban environments. This report also summarizes actions that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can undertake to further the use of telehealth to improve health care outcomes while controlling costs in the current health care environment.

Textbook of Clinical Hemodynamics

Author : Michael Ragosta
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416040005
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Textbook of Clinical Hemodynamics by : Michael Ragosta

Download or read book Textbook of Clinical Hemodynamics written by Michael Ragosta and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here's a source of guidance on the analysis of the hemodynamic waveforms generated in the cardiac catheterization lab. It progresses from a review of basic monitoring principles and normal waveforms through an assessment of the waveform data associated with the full range of individual coronary diseases, providing the assistance needed to accurately interpret any findings encountered in practice. Its extremely clinically oriented approach makes it an ideal hands-on tool for any clinician involved in diagnosing cardiac problems using interventional cardiology.

Myocardial Injury

Author : John J. Spitzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468444727
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Myocardial Injury by : John J. Spitzer

Download or read book Myocardial Injury written by John J. Spitzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters of this book represent contributions by plenary lecturers and invited symposium speakers of the Fourth Annual Meet ing of the American Section of the International Society for Heart Research, held on May 26-29, 1982 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The aim of the Organizing Committee was to present an up-to-date picture of our knowledge of myocardial injury which would be equally useful to basic scientists and clinicians. The papers of this volume are divided into two groups: a) those dealing primarily with techniques to study myocardial injury, and b) those that discuss the different types of myocardial lnJury. The grouping of the papers within each of these headings roughly corresponds to the symposia presented at the meeting. I wish to acknowledge the financial support of the National Institutes of Health. Without grant HL 29149, the program could not have been financed. Contributions from the following companies were also gratefully received: Ayerst Laboratories, Ciba-Geigy, Merck Sharp and Dome, Pfizer Laboratories Division, A.H. Robbin Co., Smith-Kline Corporation, U.S.V. Pharmaceutical Co., and The Upjohn Co. My thanks are due to the members of The Organizing Committee (Drs. Gregory J. Bagby, Gerald S. Berenson, Alastair H. Burns, Harvey I. Miller, Robert Roskoski, Jr., and Judy A. Spitzer) for their help and support, and to the Secretary of the Meeting, Ms. L. Beatrice Abene for her excellent assistance. John J. Spitzer, M.D.

Cardiovascular Care

Author : Louise Quinn
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9781582557045
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Care by : Louise Quinn

Download or read book Cardiovascular Care written by Louise Quinn and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This quick-reference handbook presents the principles and practices of cardiovascular care in a clear, concise, easy-to-follow bulleted format enhanced by abundant illustrations and tables. Recurring icons include Red Flag, Age Aware, Discharge Teaching, and Up Close. The book also includes an extensive list of important selected references.

Emergency Management of Thalassaemia

Author : John Porter (Hematologist)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789963717002
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emergency Management of Thalassaemia by : John Porter (Hematologist)

Download or read book Emergency Management of Thalassaemia written by John Porter (Hematologist) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multi-organ pathology of the thalassaemias means that the most successful patient treatment programmes involve a number of medical staff, led by paediatricians and haematologists, but including other specialists in a multidisciplinary approach. However, this means that medical professionals not involved in such multidisciplinary groups, including primary care physicians and the staff of Accident and Emergency departments, rarely treat patients with thalassaemia. As a result, their knowledge of how to address acute complications in such patients is extremely limited. This handbook aims to provide a brief evaluation of the situations in which a thalassaemia patient may seek help beyond the specialized environment he/she is used to. The layout of the handbook is intended to enable the medical professional in a busy clinical setting to draw essential information at a glance, supporting rapid, accurate as possible, decisions on how to proceed.

Heart Failure: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book

Author : G. Michael Felker
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323609880
Total Pages : 937 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Heart Failure: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book by : G. Michael Felker

Download or read book Heart Failure: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book written by G. Michael Felker and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive, Heart Failure, 4th Edition, provides the clinically relevant information you need to effectively manage and treat patients with this complex cardiovascular problem. This fully revised companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease helps you make the most of new drug therapies such as angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), recently improved implantable devices, and innovative patient management strategies. Led by internationally recognized heart failure experts Dr. G. Michael Felker and Dr. Douglas Mann, this outstanding reference gives health care providers the knowledge to improve clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. - Focuses on a clinical approach to treating heart failure, resulting from a broad variety of cardiovascular problems. - Covers the most recent guidelines and protocols, including significant new updates to ACC, AHA, and HFSA guidelines. - Covers key topics such as biomarkers and precision medicine in heart failure and new data on angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs). - Contains four new chapters: Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure; Amyloidosis as a Cause of Heart Failure; HIV and Heart Failure; and Neuromodulation in Heart Failure. - Covers the pathophysiological basis for the development and progression of heart failure. - Serves as a definitive resource to prepare for the ABIM's Heart Failure board exam. - 2016 British Medical Association Award: First Prize, Cardiology (3rd Edition).

Integrative Cardiology

Author : Stephen Devries
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 019538346X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Integrative Cardiology by : Stephen Devries

Download or read book Integrative Cardiology written by Stephen Devries and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrative Cardiology is an exploration of a new and much-needed perspective in cardiac care: the intelligent synthesis of conventional medicine with alternative approaches not typically part of Western medical curriculum. More than a blending of two approaches, this new perspective in cardiology highlights specific gaps in conventional heart care, and examines how alternative approaches may be ideally suited to address these missed opportunities.Cardiology is an ideal specialty for an integrative approach. Heart disease is largely preventable. The influence of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic factors, and emotional state on heart health is unmistakable, and the wide-angle lens of integrative medicine is an ideal model to address these multi-faceted needs. Most importantly, the focus of this work is directed at prevention. The approaches described in this book emphasize collaboration of the patient and health care provider--both seeking to obtain the best possible outcome taking into account the intangible, but vital, nuances of the patient's culture, beliefs, and preferences.The first section in this book describes the core elements of integrative cardiology, beginning with nutrition. Foundational chapters that follow include exercise, botanicals, aspirin, metabolic cardiology, acupuncture, spirituality, mind/body approaches, and energy medicine. Contributing authors, all of whom have a background in academic medicine, share the approaches they have found most effective in their own practices, referencing their work with the best scientific evidence available.