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Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production From Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis Of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet
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Book Synopsis Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production from Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet by : Lu Wang
Download or read book Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production from Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet written by Lu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc modified ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized and tested in ex-situ catalytic cracking close coupled to microwave assisted pyrolysis process. It was found that the Zn loading on ZSM-5 catalyst could lower the coke and made the process more sensitive to the (WHSV) --1, less sensitive to the cracking temperature than ZSM-5 catalyst.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Microwave Torrefaction and Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Pellet to Improve Biofuel Quality by : Shoujie Ren
Download or read book Catalytic Microwave Torrefaction and Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Pellet to Improve Biofuel Quality written by Shoujie Ren and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aims of this dissertation were to understand the effects of torrefaction as pretreatment on biomass pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis for improving biofuel quality, and the feasibility of biochar as a cheap catalyst for hydrocarbons production in biomass catalytic pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading. The process conditions for microwave torrefaction and pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellets were optimized. Microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellet produced a comparative bio-oil yield with those from fluidized-bed pyrolysis at the optimization conditions. The phenols and guaiacols accounted for the largest amount of chemicals in the bio-oil. The specific phenolic chemicals are highly related to the reaction temperature. The torrefaction conditions, such as reaction temperature and time, significantly influenced the yields of products. The bio-oils from torrefaction contained valuable chemicals. The energy yields of torrefied biomass ranging 67.03-90.06% implied that most energy was retained in the torrefied biomass. Torrefaction as pretreatment in biomass pyrolysis favored the phenols and sugar production, producing about 3.21 to 7.50 area% hydrocarbons while reducing organic acids and furans in bio-oils. Torrefaction also altered the compositions of syngas by reducing CO2 and increasing H2 and CH4. Torrefaction improved the phenols, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen production in catalytic microwave pyrolysis. The phenols, hydrocarbons, and H2 obtained from torrefied biomass catalytic pyrolysis over biochar were up to 46 area%, 16 area%, and 27.02 vol%, respectively. These results indicated that torrefaction as pretreatment can greatly improve the quality of bio-oil and syngas in biomass pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis. Upgraded bio-oil was dominated by phenols (37.23 area%) and hydrocarbons (42.56 area%) at higher biochar catalyst loadings. The biochar catalyst may be as a cheap catalyst in biomass conversion and bio-oil upgrading. The two step-reaction model fits well for Douglas fir sawdust torrefaction with the activation energies of about 112 kJ/mol and 150 kJ/mol for the first and second reaction stages, respectively. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves showed that the shoulder of hemicelluloses decomposition in torrefied biomass pyrolysis was eliminated. The first-order one-step global model fitted well for the raw and torrefied biomass pyrolysis with the average activation energies in the range of 203.94-195.13 kJ/mol.
Download or read book Pyrolysis written by Mohamed Samer and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides useful information about pyrolysis, which includes the pyrolysis of biomass and pyrolysis of fossil fuels and petrochemicals. Additionally, this book elucidates and illustrates further innovative pyrolysis processes such as catalytic pyrolysis, spray pyrolysis, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis. This book discusses the production of semiconductors and nanomaterials through the pyrolysis process.
Book Synopsis Microwave-Mediated Biofuel Production by : Veera G. Gude
Download or read book Microwave-Mediated Biofuel Production written by Veera G. Gude and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on chemical syntheses and processes for biofuel production mediated by microwave energy. This is the first contribution in this area serving as a resource and guidance manual for understanding the principles, mechanisms, design, and applications of microwaves in biofuel process chemistry. Green chemistry of microwave-mediated biofuel reactions and thermodynamic potentials for the process biochemistry are the focus of this book. Microwave generation, wave propagation, process design, development and configurations, and biofuel applications are discussed in detail.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Radiation Technologies in Waste-biomass Valorization by : Pradeep Verma
Download or read book Sustainable Radiation Technologies in Waste-biomass Valorization written by Pradeep Verma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass for Renewable Phenols and Fuels by : Quan Bu
Download or read book Catalytic Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass for Renewable Phenols and Fuels written by Quan Bu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-oil is an unstable intermediate and needs to be upgraded before its use. This study focused on improving the selectivity of bio-oilby catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using activated carbon (AC) catalysts. Firstly, the effects of process conditions on product quality and product yield were investigated by catalytic microwave pyrolysis of biomass using AC as a catalyst. The optimized reaction condition for bio-oil and volatile was determined. Chemical composition analysis by GC/MS showed that phenols rich bio-oils were obtained. Furthermore, the effects of different carbon sources based AC catalysts on products yield and chemical composition selectivity of obtained bio-oils were investigated during microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellet. The catalysts recycling test of the selected catalysts indicated that the AC catalysts can be used for 3-4 times with high concentration of phenolic compounds. The individual surface polar/acidic oxygen functional groups analysis suggested the changes of functional groups in ACs explained the reaction mechanism of this process. In addition, the potential for production of renewable phenols and fuels by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using lignin as a model compound was explored. The main chemical compounds of the obtained bio-oils were phenols, guaiacols, hydrocarbons and esters. The thermal decomposition behaviors of lignin and kinetics study were investigated by TGA. The change of functional groups of AC catalyst indicated the bio-oil reduction was related to the reaction mechanism of this process. Finally, the effects of Fe-modified AC catalyst on bio-oil upgrading and kintic study of biomass pyrolysis were investigated. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using the Fe-modified AC catalyst may promote the occurrence of the fragmentation of cellulose, rather than repolymerization as in the non-catalytic pyrolysis which leads to partial of guaiacols derived from furans. Results showed that the main chemical compounds of bio-oils were furans, phenols, guaiacols, and ketones/ethers. The activation energy of Douglas fir by microwave pyrolysis was remarkable lower than by conventional pyrolysis using TGA. And the reaction mechanism of this process was analyzed.
Book Synopsis Advances in Biofuels Production, Optimization and Applications by : Mejdi Jeguirim
Download or read book Advances in Biofuels Production, Optimization and Applications written by Mejdi Jeguirim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biofuels Production, Optimization and Applications discusses the optimization of chemical, biochemical, thermochemical and hydrothermal processes for biofuels. With a strong focus on applications, the book bridges the gap between technological developments and prospects of commercialization. Initial chapters review efficient hydrolysis and biofuel and bio-alcohol production before reviewing key processes such as biomass gasification, syngas conversion to biofuel, and pyrolysis techniques. Several biofuel applications are presented, including those within the transport industry as well as domestic and industrial boilers. The book then finishes with a review of the circular economy, biofuel policies and ethical considerations. This will act as a systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technologies in biofuels production. It is an essential read for students, researchers and engineers interested in renewable energy, biotechnology, biofuels production and chemical engineering. - Provides recent advances in the processes and technologies currently used for biofuel production - Addresses the technology transfer of integrated biofuel upgrading and production at large scale - Highlights policy and economics of biofuel production, biofuel value chains, and how to accomplish cost-competitive results and sustainable development - Examines recent development in engines and boiler technologies for the eco-friendly applications of these biofuels in the industry and transport sectors
Download or read book Biofuels written by Ram Sarup Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This will be a comprehensive multi-contributed reference work, with the Editors being highly regarded alternative fuels experts from India and Switzerland. There will be a strong orientation toward production of biofuels covering such topics as biodiesel from renewable sources, biofuels from biomass, vegetable based feedstocks from biofuel production, global demand for biofuels and economic aspects of biofuel production. Book covers the latest advances in all product areas relative to biofuels. Discusses coverage of public opinion related to biofuels. Chapters will be authored by world class researchers and practitioners in various aspects of biofuels. Provides good comprehensive coverage of biofuels for algae. Presents extensive discussion of future prospects in biofuels.
Book Synopsis Development of Carbon-Based Catalyst System for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Under Microwave Energy by : Elmar Mateo Villota
Download or read book Development of Carbon-Based Catalyst System for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Under Microwave Energy written by Elmar Mateo Villota and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the work is to provide a "green" and economical process of producing activated carbon from biomass with textural properties optimized for microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis and related applications. Douglas fir wood was successfully activated with phosphoric acid and carbonized via microwave heating. Although increasing phosphoric acid concentration during activation of biomass could result in high surface area, it was found that carbonization time was relatively compromised. Optimization that emphasizes economic consideration revealed that a 56.50 % wt. phosphoric acid concentration carbonized under 650 W microwave in around 30 minutes could give mostly mesoporous carbon with estimated surface are of 826.38 m2/g. Further, derived mesoporous activated carbon was effective susceptor and catalyst for in-situ microwave pyrolysis of softwood biomass. Average heating of biomass under microwave was improved significantly from 33 ℗ʻC/min to 115 ℗ʻC/min with increasing activated carbon fraction on feedstock mix. Notably, activated carbon favors highly furanic bio-oil product mainly comprising of furfural and methyl furfural from the biomass pyrolysis under microwave energy. Numerical optimization suggests that furfural selectivity could be as high as 70% of the total GC-MS peak area with corresponding concentration of 22.04 mg/mg of bio-oil can be obtained with activated carbon to biomass ratio of 2.5 and pyrolyzed at 650 W microwave energy. It was further noted that activated carbon tends to favor char formation from lignin-based pyrolytic products by promoting cross-linking and repolymerization during the liquid intermediate phase of the pyrolysis. This was further proved by activated carbon catalyzed ex-situ runs, which led high mono-phenolic bio-oil products. These phenolics are either from dehydration of guaiacols or re-arrangement from furanic intermediates which are upgraded in their gas phase. Kinetic studies on the thermal conversion of Douglas fir within the activated carbon bed show positive impacts of the activated carbon because the activation energy estimated by isoconversional method was lower when pyrolyzed with incorporation of AC than without it.
Book Synopsis Development and Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass Over Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst by : Wendy Camacho Mateo
Download or read book Development and Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass Over Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst written by Wendy Camacho Mateo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work aimed to develop a carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from renewable biomass resources for the catalytic pyrolysis process. The sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) was effectively used as a catalyst to directly convert lignocellulosic biomass to produce high-value liquid products in a single-step process. The SAC was synthesized via microwave carbonization of phosphoric acid-activated corncob followed by sulfuric acid sulfonation. The activation and carbonization processes were carried out to develop micropores and mesopores on the carbon structure. The presence of micro- and mesopores was beneficial for the accommodation of the intermediate compounds of different molecular sizes from the biomass pyrolysis to react within the pore openings of the SAC. In addition, the sulfonation treatment facilitated the integration of acid sites on the catalyst surface to enhance the catalyst activity and selectivity, enabling the production of abundant target compounds. Lower sulfonation temperature can lead to higher SO3H density, which in turn increases the selectivity of bio-jet fuel range hydrocarbons from catalytic co-pyrolysis of Douglas fir (DF) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The SAC promoted the conversion of guaiacols and furans intermediates to form phenolics that led to the production of highly phenolic bio-oil from the catalytic pyrolysis of DF. Further, SAC was an effective catalyst for catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic for the selective production of bio-jet fuel range hydrocarbons (aromatics and C8-C16 alkanes) in the oil phase bio-oil and phenolic compounds (phenols and methylphenols) in the aqueous phase bio-oil. The SAC promoted the catalytic cracking of the long-chain polymers of the LDPE and possible interaction of DF-derived compounds and LDPE-derived olefins via Diels-Alder reaction, rearrangement, cracking, dehydration, and aromatization reactions to produce bio-oil with improved quality. Kinetic studies showed that SAC addition enhanced the reaction rate of DF thermal degradation but may require higher activation energy. On the other hand, SAC had a positive catalytic effect in LDPE decomposition as evidenced by the reduction in activation energy, suggesting its potential application in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics.
Book Synopsis Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Microwave by : Zhen Fang
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Microwave written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion of biomass into chemicals and biofuels is an active research and development area as trends move to replace traditional fossil fuels with renewable resources. By integrating processing methods with microwave and ultrasound irradiation into biorefineries, the time-scale of many operations can be greatly reduced while the efficiency of the reactions can be remarkably increased so that process intensification can be achieved. “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Microwave” and “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Ultrasound” are two independent volumes in the Biofuels and Biorefineries series that take different, but complementary approaches for the pretreatment and chemical transformation of biomass into chemicals and biofuels. The volume “Microwave” provides current research advances and prospects in theoretical and practical aspects of microwave irradiation including properties, effects and temperature monitoring, design of chemical reactors, synergistic effects on combining microwave, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation and high-shear mixing into processes, chemical and catalytic conversion of lignin into chemicals, pyrolysis and gasification, syngas production from wastes, platform chemicals, algal biodiesel, cellulose-based nanocomposites, lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, green chemistry metrics and energy consumption and techno-economic analysis for a catalytic pyrolysis facility that processes pellets into aromatics. Each of the 12 chapters has been peer-reviewed and edited to improve both the quality of the text and the scope and coverage of the topics. Both volumes “Microwave” and “Ultrasound” are references designed for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering and include introductory chapters to highlight present concepts of the fundamental technologies and their application. Dr. Zhen Fang is Professor in Bioenergy, Leader and founder of biomass group, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and is also adjunct Professor of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Richard L Smith, Jr. is Professor of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Japan. Dr. Xinhua Qi is Professor of Environmental Science, Nankai University, China.
Book Synopsis Biomass Valorization by : Davide Ravelli
Download or read book Biomass Valorization written by Davide Ravelli and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the potential of biomass-based chemicals with this comprehensive new reference from leading voices in the field With the depletion of fossil raw materials a readily ascertainable inevitability, the exploitation of biomass-based renewable derivatives becomes ever more practical and realistic. In Biomass Valorization: Sustainable Methods for the Production of Chemicals, accomplished researchers and authors Davide Ravelli and Chiara Samori deliver a thorough compilation of state-of-the-art techniques and most advanced strategies used to convert biomass into useful building blocks and commodity chemicals. Each chapter in this collection of insightful papers begins by detailing the core components of the described technology, along with a fulsome description of its advantages and limitations, before moving on to a discussion of recent advancements in the field. The discussions are grouped by the processed biomass, such as terrestrial biomass, aquatic biomass, and biomass-deriving waste. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the role of biomass in the production of chemicals An exploration of biomass processing via acid, base and metal catalysis, as well as biocatalysis A practical discussion of biomass processing via pyrolysis and thermochemical-biological hybrid processes A concise treatment of biomass processing assisted by ultrasound and via electrochemical, photochemical and mechanochemical means Perfect for chemical engineers, catalytic chemists, biotechnologists, and polymer chemists, Biomass Valorization: Sustainable Methods for the Production of Chemicals will also earn a place in the libraries of environmental chemists and professionals working with organometallics and natural products chemists.
Book Synopsis The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals by : Kostas Triantafyllidis
Download or read book The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals written by Kostas Triantafyllidis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: - Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass - Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units - Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) - Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. - Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes - Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process - Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature
Book Synopsis Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis by : Prabir Basu
Download or read book Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis written by Prabir Basu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)
Download or read book Biokerosene written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource.
Book Synopsis Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by : A. V. Bridgwater
Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by A. V. Bridgwater and published by Cpl Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited and updated version of the final report of the IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task, is useful both to newcomers to the subject area and those already involved in research, development, and implementation.
Book Synopsis Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis by : Zhen Fang
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques for converting biomass to chemical products by means of pyrolysis, which are widely applicable to the valorization of biomass. In addition to discussing the fundamentals and mechanisms for producing bio-oils, chemicals, gases and biochar using pyrolysis, it outlines key reaction parameters and reactor configurations for various types of biomass. Written by leading experts and providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications, the book is a comprehensive reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels, and environmental engineering, and a valuable resource for university students in the fields of chemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.
