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Apports De La Morphometrie Geometrique A La Paleoanthropologie Dentaire
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Author :Manon Galland (auteur d'une thèse de paléoanthropologie (2013)).) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :498 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (944 download)
Book Synopsis Le premier peuplement des Amériques by : Manon Galland (auteur d'une thèse de paléoanthropologie (2013)).)
Download or read book Le premier peuplement des Amériques written by Manon Galland (auteur d'une thèse de paléoanthropologie (2013)).) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’arrivée de l’Homme moderne dans le Nouveau Monde demeure le sujet de nombreuses questions sur sa provenance, son ancienneté, la (les) route(s) empruntée(s) ainsi que le nombre de vagues de migration à l’origine de la diversité biologique observée au sein des Américains Natifs. La variabilité morphologique crânienne à la fois géographique et diachronique se situe au cœur de ce débat, tantôt interprétée comme (i) témoignant de la présence de deux vagues de migrations distinctes ou (ii) relativement continue et issue d’une vague majeure de migration suivie d’une diversification locale et/ou de flux géniques récurrents. Le présent travail repose sur les méthodes de morphométrie géométrique 3D et sur les concepts de génétique des populations appliqués sur un large échantillon composé de 89 fossiles et de 889 spécimens modernes provenant des Amériques, d’Asie, d’Australo-Mélanésie et de Polynésie. Plusieurs approches ont été abordées : (i) une analyse de la variabilité morphologique du crâne et du neurocrâne en prenant en compte l’influence sur la conformation de facteurs chrono-géographiques et de paramètres environnemental, climatique et linguistique; (ii) une étude portant sur l’apport des sliding semilandmarks à l’échelle populationnelle ; (iii) un test direct des hypothèses de peuplement grâce à une approche par modélisation permettant d’évaluer dans quelle mesure nos données morphométriques s’accordent avec différents modèles tenant compte de divers processus microévolutifs. Nos résultats démontrent une variabilité morphologique très importante à la fois dans le temps et dans l’espace. Ils mettent en évidence que la majorité de la variance observée peut s’expliquer selon des facteurs régionaux plutôt que selon des facteurs chronologiques et/ou environnementaux. Nos données morphométriques favorisent un modèle comprenant une vague de migration majeure suivie de processus microévolutifs locaux, notamment en Basse-Californie. Nos résultats peuvent aussi soutenir la présence de flux récurrents dans les zones subarctiques ainsi qu’une arrivée plus tardive dans l’Extrême Nord du continent, mais ils confirment également l’impact majeur d’une adaptation au froid pour les populations de cette région
Book Synopsis Apport de la morphométrie géométrique et de l'imagerie 3D intra-orale dans l'étude du shoveling des incisives centrales maxillaires by : Delphine Carayon
Download or read book Apport de la morphométrie géométrique et de l'imagerie 3D intra-orale dans l'étude du shoveling des incisives centrales maxillaires written by Delphine Carayon and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le shoveling de l'incisive centrale maxillaire est une caractéristique dentaire non-métrique utilisée en anthropologie comme indicateur des relations entre les populations. Ce trait morphologique dentaire est défini comme le degré d'élévation des crêtes mésiales et distales marginales sur la surface linguale des incisives maxillaires avec des formes plus prononcées renfermant une fosse. Plusieurs tentatives ont été faites pour classer et évaluer les différences de shoveling entre les populations humaines modernes et fossiles, en utilisant d'abord des approches descriptives détaillées et en élaborant par la suite des systèmes de notation ordinale des traits. A ce jour, la technique gold standard pour l'analyse du shoveling est basée sur une échelle ordinale de sept grades qui a été adaptée et intégrée à un système formel de notation des traits non métriques de la morphologie dentaire: le Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Ce protocole standard est basé sur des plaques de plâtre de référence représentant les moulages de dents sélectionnées montrant un gradient d'expression d'un trait particulier. La notation ordinale, même si elle est contrôlée par des définitions strictes des caractéristiques, des références visuelles et l'expérience de l'observateur, comprend une part inévitable de subjectivité. De plus, les supports d'information conventionnels utilisés par ASUDAS peuvent entrainer des pertes d'information dans le temps. Dans un premier temps, nous avons élaboré une nouvelle approche morphométrique quantitative pour évaluer la variation du shoveling des incisives centrales maxillaires humaines modernes (UI1). Nous avons analysé par imagerie virtuelle 87 UI1 humaines modernes (Europe, Afrique, Asie) et les 7 UI1 de la plaque de référence ASU-UI1 en utilisant la morphométrie géométrique et le positionnement de points de repères glissants. Les résultats de la répartition du shoveling en fonction des populations selon notre nouvelle méthode morphométrique sont en étroite corrélation avec la répartition du shoveling largement décrite dans la littérature. En outre, nos résultats ont mis en évidence certaines limites dans l'utilisation des plaques ASUDAS, laissant supposer qu'elles ne représentent pas nécessairement un gradient objectif d'expression de cette caractéristique dentaire non métrique. [...].
Book Synopsis Taille et conformation crânienne chez les Hominidés de la fin du Pléistocène by : Martin Friess
Download or read book Taille et conformation crânienne chez les Hominidés de la fin du Pléistocène written by Martin Friess and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 1999 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce travail étudie la variabilité et l'évolution de taille et conformation crânienne chez les hominidés du pléistocène moyen et supérieur d'Europe, d'Afrique et du Proche-Orient. À cette fin, les données brutes ont été acquises, par le moyen de la photogrammétrie, sur 63 spécimens fossiles, dont 56 originaux et 210 crânes actuels. Pour l'analyse de la forme, cette étude recourt à la méthode des plaques minces (thin-plate splines, Bookstein 1991) qui permet de décomposer la forme en un facteur de taille et une série de variables continues, permettant de décrire des différences de conformation sous forme d'une grille de transformation. Les résultats ont permis d'identifier une conformation archaïque dont l'existence peut être retracée jusqu'au pléistocène moyen d'Afrique. La comparaison avec la lignée néandertalienne en Europe et au Proche-Orient suggère la persistance de ces caractères et indique donc une relative stase évolutive. À cette conformation crânienne archaïque peut être opposée la conformation moderne dont la première apparition est identifiée de manière certaine au Proche-Orient. En revanche, la plupart des fossiles africains inclus dans cette étude montrent une conformation archaïque, plus proche de la lignée néandertalienne que des premiers hommes modernes. Par ailleurs, les analyses ont démontré que certains caractères archaïques de la face sont soumises à un processus de gracilisation hautement allométrique, ce qui remet en question leur statut apomorphe chez les néandertaliens. Quant au débat sur l'origine de l'homme moderne, les résultats obtenus ne s'accordent pas avec l'hypothèse d'une évolution graduelle à l'intérieur du groupe transitionnel africain.
Book Synopsis Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2012 by : Nicholas Ayache
Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2012 written by Nicholas Ayache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 7510, 7511, and 7512 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 252 revised papers from 781 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The third volume includes 79 papers organized in topical sections on diffusion imaging: from acquisition to tractography; image acquisition, segmentation and recognition; image registration; neuroimage analysis; analysis of microscopic and optical images; image segmentation; diffusion weighted imaging; computer-aided diagnosis and planning; and microscopic image analysis.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear by : Salah Mansour
Download or read book Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear written by Salah Mansour and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide otolaryngology residents, otology and neurotology fellows, teachers, and young practitioners with comprehensive, up-to-date information on middle ear anatomy that fully meets their needs. It will enable those undergoing surgical training to hone their surgical skills and will assist in ensuring that patients receive appropriate management. The anatomy of the middle ear is explained in easy-to-understand descriptions and exquisitely depicted in more than 100 color photos and numerous helpful color diagrams. Key features of the book are the correlation of clinical situations to the anatomical basis of disease, the simplified explanation of embryology to provide a better understanding of developmental anomalies, and the inclusion of carefully selected CT scans that will assist in the reading of normal anatomy and the identification of pathological features.
Book Synopsis Medical image computing and computer assisted intervention by : Nicholas Ayache
Download or read book Medical image computing and computer assisted intervention written by Nicholas Ayache and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton by : Alexandra R. Klales
Download or read book Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton written by Alexandra R. Klales and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-30 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a comprehensive work on the theory, methods, and current issues for sexing human skeletal remains. This work provides practitioners a starting point for research and practice on sex estimation to assist with the identification and analysis of human remains. It contains a collection of the latest scientific research, using metric and morphological methods, and contains case studies, where relevant, to highlight methodological application to real cases. This volume presents a truly comprehensive representation of the current state of sex estimation while also detailing the history and how we got to this point. Divided into three main sections, this reference text first provides an introduction to the book and to sex estimation overall, including a history, practitioner preferences, and a deeper understanding of biological sex. The second section addresses the main methodological areas used to estimate sex, including metric and morphological methods, statistical applications, and software. Each chapter topic provides a review of older techniques and emphasizes the latest research and methodological improvements. Chapters are written by practicing physical anthropologists and also include their latest research on the topics, as well as relevant case studies. The third section addresses current considerations and future directions for sex estimation in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts, including DNA, secular change, and medical imaging Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a one-of-a-kind resource for those involved in estimating the sex of human skeletal remains. Provides the first comprehensive text reference on sex estimation, with historical perspectives and current best practices Contains real case studies to underscore key estimation concepts Demonstrates the changing role of technology in sex estimation
Author :Ken Myers Publisher :[Guelph, Ont.] : University of Guelph with the assistance of IUCN Species Survival Commission and World Wildlife Fund, Canada ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1012 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference by : Ken Myers
Download or read book Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference written by Ken Myers and published by [Guelph, Ont.] : University of Guelph with the assistance of IUCN Species Survival Commission and World Wildlife Fund, Canada. This book was released on 1981 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Death, Decay, and Reconstruction by : A. Boddington
Download or read book Death, Decay, and Reconstruction written by A. Boddington and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animals and Archaeology by : Juliet Clutton-Brock
Download or read book Animals and Archaeology written by Juliet Clutton-Brock and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 1983-07 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the International Council for Archaeozoology, London 1982; non-Aboriginal material.
Book Synopsis Honor Among Thieves by : Mary C. Stiner
Download or read book Honor Among Thieves written by Mary C. Stiner and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mary Stiner uses ecological niche theory to analyze and interpret several Middle Paleolithic archaeological and paleontological sites in southern Europe. Her concern is with how the hunting, scavenging and foraging behavior of Neandertals compared and contrasted with the subsistence behavior of other large predators living in the region at the time--lions, hyenas, and wolves, for example--and with how Neandertal subsistence behavior related to the behavior of the anatomically modern humans who subsequently came to dominate the area in the Upper Paleolithic. Her conclusion, very broadly stated, is that Neandertals entered the Middle Paleolithic in direct and successful competition with lions, hyenas, and wolves, but ended the period in direct and ultimately unsuccessful competition for the ecological niche that we came to occupy with our slightly more advanced technology and slightly more sophisticated ambush hunting strategies and techniques.
Book Synopsis Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton by : M. Anne Katzenberg
Download or read book Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton written by M. Anne Katzenberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Indispensable Resource on Advanced Methods of Analysis of Human Skeletal and Dental Remains in Archaeological and Forensic Contexts Now in its third edition, Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton has become a key reference for bioarchaeologists, human osteologists, and paleopathologists throughout the world. It builds upon basic skills to provide the foundation for advanced scientific analyses of human skeletal remains in cultural, archaeological, and theoretical contexts. This new edition features updated coverage of topics including histomorphometry, dental morphology, stable isotope methods, and ancient DNA, as well as a number of new chapters on paleopathology. It also covers bioarchaeological ethics, taphonomy and the nature of archaeological assemblages, biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletons, and more. Fully updated and revised with new material written by leading researchers in the field Includes many case studies to demonstrate application of methods of analysis Offers valuable information on contexts, methods, applications, promises, and pitfalls Covering the latest advanced methods and techniques for analyzing skeletal and dental remains from archaeological discoveries, Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton is a trusted text for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals in human osteology, bioarchaeology, and paleopathology.
Book Synopsis Natural History Collections in the Science of the 21st Century by : Roseli Pellens
Download or read book Natural History Collections in the Science of the 21st Century written by Roseli Pellens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural history collections have recently acquired an unprecedented place of importance in scientific research. Originally created in the context of systematics and taxonomy, they are now proving to be fundamental for answering various scientific and societal questions that are as significant as they are current. Natural History Collections in the Science of the 21st Century presents a wide range of questions and answers raised by the study of collections. The billions of specimens that have been collected from all around the world over more than two centuries provide us with information that is vital in our quest for knowledge about the Earth, the universe, the diversity of life and the history of humankind. These collections also provide valuable reference points from the past to help us understand the nature and dynamics of global change today. Their physical permanence is the best guarantee we have of a return to data and to information sources in the context of open science.
Book Synopsis Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology by : Eric J. Sargis
Download or read book Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology written by Eric J. Sargis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates the contributions of Dr. Frederick S. Szalay to the field of Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology. Professor Szalay is a strong advocate for biologically and evolutionarily meaningful character analysis. He has published about 200 articles, six monographs, and six books on this subject. This book features subjects such as the evolution and adaptation of mammals and provides up-to-date articles on the evolutionary morphology of a wide range of mammalian groups.
Book Synopsis Human Skeletal Remains by : Douglas H. Ubelaker
Download or read book Human Skeletal Remains written by Douglas H. Ubelaker and published by Aldine De Gruyter. This book was released on 2008 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many anthropologists and even some archeologists have asked, "Why excavate skeletons? What information can we gain to merit the disturbance of human interments?" Human Skeletal Remains answers such questions. Douglas H. Ubelaker demonstrates the range of data and interpretations potentially obtainable from human skeletal remains and shows how this information can contribute to the solution of various anthropological problems. It also describes and evaluates basic techniques of skeletal excavation and analysis. Human Skeletal Remains is divided into two sections. The first section reviews the techniques and information needed for excavating and describing skeletal remains and for achieving reliable estimates of stature, sex, and age at death. These chapters should improve the capacity of non-specialists to undertake skeletal excavation and preliminary analysis. The second section discusses additional kinds of information that can be gleaned from suitable samples by experienced skeletal biologists. The information in Human Skeletal Remains is a broad-scale overview and many aspects have been treated in greater detail by others elsewhere. References are provided in the text for the convenience of those interested in more information on specific topics. Technical terminology has been avoided where possible, but accurate recording and description cannot be accomplished without employing the names of individual bones and other skeletal landmarks. Terms most commonly needed for description are included in a glossary. While it is somewhat modest in its intentions, this analysis provides a clarity that extensive tomes cannot supply.
Download or read book Homo erectus written by W. Henry Gilbert and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the first in a series devoted to the paleoanthropological resources of the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia, studies Homo erectus, a close relative of Homo sapiens. Written by a team of highly regarded scholars, this book provides the first detailed descriptions, photographs, and analysis of the fossil vertebrates—from elephants and hyenas to humans—from the Daka Member of the Bouri Formation of the Afar, a place renowned for an abundant and lengthy record of human ancestors. These fossils contribute to our understanding human evolution, and the associated fauna provide new information about the distribution and variability of Pleistocene mammals in eastern Africa. The contributors are all active researchers who worked on the paleontology and geology of these unique deposits. Here they have combined their disparate efforts into a single volume, making the original research results accessible to both the specialist and the general reader. The volume synthesizes environmental backdrop and anatomical detail to open an unparalleled window on the African Pleistocene and its inhabitants.
Book Synopsis Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart by :
Download or read book Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, FIMH 2009, held in Nice, France, in June 2009. The 54 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The contributions cover topics such as cardiac imaging and electrophysiology, cardiac architecture imaging and analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac motion estimation, cardiac mechanics, cardiac image analysis, cardiac biophysical simulation, cardiac research platforms, and cardiac anatomical and functional imaging.
