Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes: In Engeneering and Physical Sciences

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes: In Engeneering and Physical Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789971511265
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (112 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes: In Engeneering and Physical Sciences by :

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes: In Engeneering and Physical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : Michel K. Ochi

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by Michel K. Ochi and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1990-01-25 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to modern concepts of applied stochastic processes is written for a broad range of applications in diverse areas of engineering and the physical sciences (unlike other books, which are written primarily for communications or electrical engineering). Emphasis is on clarifying the basic principles supporting current prediction techniques. The first eight chapters present the probability theory relevant to analysis of stochastic processes. The following nine chapters discuss principles, advanced techniques (including the procedures of spectral analysis and the development of the probability density function) and applications. Also features material found in the recent literature such as higher-order spectral analysis, the joint probability distribution of amplitudes and periods and non-Gaussian random processes. Includes numerous illustrative examples.

Stochastic Processes for Physicists

Download Stochastic Processes for Physicists PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139486799
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes for Physicists by : Kurt Jacobs

Download or read book Stochastic Processes for Physicists written by Kurt Jacobs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-18 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic processes are an essential part of numerous branches of physics, as well as in biology, chemistry, and finance. This textbook provides a solid understanding of stochastic processes and stochastic calculus in physics, without the need for measure theory. In avoiding measure theory, this textbook gives readers the tools necessary to use stochastic methods in research with a minimum of mathematical background. Coverage of the more exotic Levy processes is included, as is a concise account of numerical methods for simulating stochastic systems driven by Gaussian noise. The book concludes with a non-technical introduction to the concepts and jargon of measure-theoretic probability theory. With over 70 exercises, this textbook is an easily accessible introduction to stochastic processes and their applications, as well as methods for numerical simulation, for graduate students and researchers in physics.

Fundamentals of Probability

Download Fundamentals of Probability PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429856288
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Probability by : Saeed Ghahramani

Download or read book Fundamentals of Probability written by Saeed Ghahramani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 4th edition of Ghahramani's book is replete with intriguing historical notes, insightful comments, and well-selected examples/exercises that, together, capture much of the essence of probability. Along with its Companion Website, the book is suitable as a primary resource for a first course in probability. Moreover, it has sufficient material for a sequel course introducing stochastic processes and stochastic simulation." --Nawaf Bou-Rabee, Associate Professor of Mathematics, Rutgers University Camden, USA "This book is an excellent primer on probability, with an incisive exposition to stochastic processes included as well. The flow of the text aids its readability, and the book is indeed a treasure trove of set and solved problems. Every sub-topic within a chapter is supplemented by a comprehensive list of exercises, accompanied frequently by self-quizzes, while each chapter ends with a useful summary and another rich collection of review problems." --Dalia Chakrabarty, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, UK "This textbook provides a thorough and rigorous treatment of fundamental probability, including both discrete and continuous cases. The book’s ample collection of exercises gives instructors and students a great deal of practice and tools to sharpen their understanding. Because the definitions, theorems, and examples are clearly labeled and easy to find, this book is not only a great course accompaniment, but an invaluable reference." --Joshua Stangle, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin – Superior, USA This one- or two-term calculus-based basic probability text is written for majors in mathematics, physical sciences, engineering, statistics, actuarial science, business and finance, operations research, and computer science. It presents probability in a natural way: through interesting and instructive examples and exercises that motivate the theory, definitions, theorems, and methodology. This book is mathematically rigorous and, at the same time, closely matches the historical development of probability. Whenever appropriate, historical remarks are included, and the 2096 examples and exercises have been carefully designed to arouse curiosity and hence encourage students to delve into the theory with enthusiasm. New to the Fourth Edition: 538 new examples and exercises have been added, almost all of which are of applied nature in realistic contexts Self-quizzes at the end of each section and self-tests at the end of each chapter allow students to check their comprehension of the material An all-new Companion Website includes additional examples, complementary topics not covered in the previous editions, and applications for more in-depth studies, as well as a test bank and figure slides. It also includes complete solutions to all self-test and self-quiz problems Saeed Ghahramani is Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Western New England University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in Mathematics and is a recipient of teaching awards from Johns Hopkins University and Towson University. His research focuses on applied probability, stochastic processes, and queuing theory.

Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes

Download Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128010355
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes by : Oliver Ibe

Download or read book Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes written by Oliver Ibe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-awaited revision of Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes expands on the central components that made the first edition a classic. The title is based on the premise that engineers use probability as a modeling tool, and that probability can be applied to the solution of engineering problems. Engineers and students studying probability and random processes also need to analyze data, and thus need some knowledge of statistics. This book is designed to provide students with a thorough grounding in probability and stochastic processes, demonstrate their applicability to real-world problems, and introduce the basics of statistics. The book's clear writing style and homework problems make it ideal for the classroom or for self-study. Demonstrates concepts with more than 100 illustrations, including 2 dozen new drawings Expands readers’ understanding of disruptive statistics in a new chapter (chapter 8) Provides new chapter on Introduction to Random Processes with 14 new illustrations and tables explaining key concepts. Includes two chapters devoted to the two branches of statistics, namely descriptive statistics (chapter 8) and inferential (or inductive) statistics (chapter 9).

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642051588
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : Richard M. Feldman

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by Richard M. Feldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a result of teaching stochastic processes to junior and senior undergr- uates and beginning graduate students over many years. In teaching such a course, we have realized a need to furnish students with material that gives a mathematical presentation while at the same time providing proper foundations to allow students to build an intuitive feel for probabilistic reasoning. We have tried to maintain a b- ance in presenting advanced but understandable material that sparks an interest and challenges students, without the discouragement that often comes as a consequence of not understanding the material. Our intent in this text is to develop stochastic p- cesses in an elementary but mathematically precise style and to provide suf?cient examples and homework exercises that will permit students to understand the range of application areas for stochastic processes. We also practice active learning in the classroom. In other words, we believe that the traditional practice of lecturing continuously for 50 to 75 minutes is not a very effective method for teaching. Students should somehow engage in the subject m- ter during the teaching session. One effective method for active learning is, after at most 20 minutes of lecture, to assign a small example problem for the students to work and one important tool that the instructor can utilize is the computer. So- times we are fortunate to lecture students in a classroom containing computers with a spreadsheet program, usually Microsoft’s Excel.

Theory and Applications of Stochastic Processes

Download Theory and Applications of Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916059
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theory and Applications of Stochastic Processes by : Zeev Schuss

Download or read book Theory and Applications of Stochastic Processes written by Zeev Schuss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic processes and diffusion theory are the mathematical underpinnings of many scientific disciplines, including statistical physics, physical chemistry, molecular biophysics, communications theory and many more. Many books, reviews and research articles have been published on this topic, from the purely mathematical to the most practical. This book offers an analytical approach to stochastic processes that are most common in the physical and life sciences, as well as in optimal control and in the theory of filltering of signals from noisy measurements. Its aim is to make probability theory in function space readily accessible to scientists trained in the traditional methods of applied mathematics, such as integral, ordinary, and partial differential equations and asymptotic methods, rather than in probability and measure theory.

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brooks/Cole
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : Richard Martin Feldman

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by Richard Martin Feldman and published by Brooks/Cole. This book was released on 1996 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Feldman and Valdez-Flores present applied probability and stochastic processes in an elementary but mathematically precise manner, with numerous examples and exercises to illustrate the range of engineering and science applications for the concepts. The book is designed to give the reader an intuitive understanding of probabilistic reasoning, in addition to an understanding of mathematical concepts and principles. Unique features of the book include a self-contained chapter on simulation (Chapter 3) and early introduction of Markov chains.

Stochastic Processes and Applications

Download Stochastic Processes and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493913239
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes and Applications by : Grigorios A. Pavliotis

Download or read book Stochastic Processes and Applications written by Grigorios A. Pavliotis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents various results and techniques from the theory of stochastic processes that are useful in the study of stochastic problems in the natural sciences. The main focus is analytical methods, although numerical methods and statistical inference methodologies for studying diffusion processes are also presented. The goal is the development of techniques that are applicable to a wide variety of stochastic models that appear in physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. Applications such as stochastic resonance, Brownian motion in periodic potentials and Brownian motors are studied and the connection between diffusion processes and time-dependent statistical mechanics is elucidated. The book contains a large number of illustrations, examples, and exercises. It will be useful for graduate-level courses on stochastic processes for students in applied mathematics, physics and engineering. Many of the topics covered in this book (reversible diffusions, convergence to equilibrium for diffusion processes, inference methods for stochastic differential equations, derivation of the generalized Langevin equation, exit time problems) cannot be easily found in textbook form and will be useful to both researchers and students interested in the applications of stochastic processes.

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780367658496
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (584 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : Frank Beichelt

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by Frank Beichelt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, Second Edition presents a self-contained introduction to elementary probability theory and stochastic processes with a special emphasis on their applications in science, engineering, finance, computer science, and operations research. It covers the theoretical foundations for modeling time-dependent random phenomena in these areas and illustrates applications through the analysis of numerous practical examples. The author draws on his 50 years of experience in the field to give your students a better understanding of probability theory and stochastic processes and enable them to use stochastic modeling in their work. New to the Second Edition Completely rewritten part on probability theory--now more than double in size New sections on time series analysis, random walks, branching processes, and spectral analysis of stationary stochastic processes Comprehensive numerical discussions of examples, which replace the more theoretically challenging sections Additional examples, exercises, and figures Presenting the material in a student-friendly, application-oriented manner, this non-measure theoretic text only assumes a mathematical maturity that applied science students acquire during their undergraduate studies in mathematics. Many exercises allow students to assess their understanding of the topics. In addition, the book occasionally describes connections between probabilistic concepts and corresponding statistical approaches to facilitate comprehension. Some important proofs and challenging examples and exercises are also included for more theoretically interested readers.

Distributions in the Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 3

Download Distributions in the Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3319925865
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distributions in the Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 3 by : Alexander I. Saichev

Download or read book Distributions in the Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 3 written by Alexander I. Saichev and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing the authors’ multivolume project, this text considers the theory of distributions from an applied perspective, demonstrating how effective a combination of analytic and probabilistic methods can be for solving problems in the physical and engineering sciences. Volume 1 covered foundational topics such as distributional and fractional calculus, the integral transform, and wavelets, and Volume 2 explored linear and nonlinear dynamics in continuous media. With this volume, the scope is extended to the use of distributional tools in the theory of generalized stochastic processes and fields, and in anomalous fractional random dynamics. Chapters cover topics such as probability distributions; generalized stochastic processes, Brownian motion, and the white noise; stochastic differential equations and generalized random fields; Burgers turbulence and passive tracer transport in Burgers flows; and linear, nonlinear, and multiscale anomalous fractional dynamics in continuous media. The needs of the applied-sciences audience are addressed by a careful and rich selection of examples arising in real-life industrial and scientific labs and a thorough discussion of their physical significance. Numerous illustrations generate a better understanding of the core concepts discussed in the text, and a large number of exercises at the end of each chapter expand on these concepts. Distributions in the Physical and Engineering Sciences is intended to fill a gap in the typical undergraduate engineering/physical sciences curricula, and as such it will be a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in these areas. The only prerequisites are a three-four semester calculus sequence (including ordinary differential equations, Fourier series, complex variables, and linear algebra), and some probability theory, but basic definitions and facts are covered as needed. An appendix also provides background material concerning the Dirac-delta and other distributions.

Stochastic Processes in Mathematical Physics and Engineering

Download Stochastic Processes in Mathematical Physics and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821813161
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes in Mathematical Physics and Engineering by : Richard Bellman

Download or read book Stochastic Processes in Mathematical Physics and Engineering written by Richard Bellman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1964 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Download Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811559511
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : V. C. Joshua

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by V. C. Joshua and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-29 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, held at CMS College, Kerala, India, on 7–10 January 2019. It showcases high-quality research conducted in the field of applied probability and stochastic processes by focusing on techniques for the modelling and analysis of systems evolving with time. Further, it discusses the applications of stochastic modelling in queuing theory, reliability, inventory, financial mathematics, operations research, and more. This book is intended for a broad audience, ranging from researchers interested in applied probability, stochastic modelling with reference to queuing theory, inventory, and reliability, to those working in industries such as communication and computer networks, distributed information systems, next-generation communication systems, intelligent transportation networks, and financial markets.

Probability with Applications in Engineering, Science, and Technology

Download Probability with Applications in Engineering, Science, and Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319524011
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probability with Applications in Engineering, Science, and Technology by : Matthew A. Carlton

Download or read book Probability with Applications in Engineering, Science, and Technology written by Matthew A. Carlton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and revised first-course textbook in applied probability provides a contemporary and lively post-calculus introduction to the subject of probability. The exposition reflects a desirable balance between fundamental theory and many applications involving a broad range of real problem scenarios. It is intended to appeal to a wide audience, including mathematics and statistics majors, prospective engineers and scientists, and those business and social science majors interested in the quantitative aspects of their disciplines. The textbook contains enough material for a year-long course, though many instructors will use it for a single term (one semester or one quarter). As such, three course syllabi with expanded course outlines are now available for download on the book’s page on the Springer website. A one-term course would cover material in the core chapters (1-4), supplemented by selections from one or more of the remaining chapters on statistical inference (Ch. 5), Markov chains (Ch. 6), stochastic processes (Ch. 7), and signal processing (Ch. 8—available exclusively online and specifically designed for electrical and computer engineers, making the book suitable for a one-term class on random signals and noise). For a year-long course, core chapters (1-4) are accessible to those who have taken a year of univariate differential and integral calculus; matrix algebra, multivariate calculus, and engineering mathematics are needed for the latter, more advanced chapters. At the heart of the textbook’s pedagogy are 1,100 applied exercises, ranging from straightforward to reasonably challenging, roughly 700 exercises in the first four “core” chapters alone—a self-contained textbook of problems introducing basic theoretical knowledge necessary for solving problems and illustrating how to solve the problems at hand – in R and MATLAB, including code so that students can create simulations. New to this edition • Updated and re-worked Recommended Coverage for instructors, detailing which courses should use the textbook and how to utilize different sections for various objectives and time constraints • Extended and revised instructions and solutions to problem sets • Overhaul of Section 7.7 on continuous-time Markov chains • Supplementary materials include three sample syllabi and updated solutions manuals for both instructors and students

An Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Physics

Download An Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Physics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM
ISBN 13 : 0801876389
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Physics by : Don S. Lemons

Download or read book An Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Physics written by Don S. Lemons and published by Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM. This book was released on 2003-04-29 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “lucid, masterfully written introduction to an often difficult subject . . . belongs on the bookshelf of every student of statistical physics” (Dr. Brian J. Albright, Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory). This book provides an accessible introduction to stochastic processes in physics and describes the basic mathematical tools of the trade: probability, random walks, and Wiener and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. With an emphasis on applications, it includes end-of-chapter problems. Physicist and author Don S. Lemons builds on Paul Langevin’s seminal 1908 paper “On the Theory of Brownian Motion” and its explanations of classical uncertainty in natural phenomena. Following Langevin’s example, Lemons applies Newton’s second law to a “Brownian particle on which the total force included a random component.” This method builds on Newtonian dynamics and provides an accessible explanation to anyone approaching the subject for the first time. This volume contains the complete text of Paul Langevin’s “On the Theory of Brownian Motion,” translated by Anthony Gythiel.

Applied Probability and Statistics

Download Applied Probability and Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387285059
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Statistics by : Mario Lefebvre

Download or read book Applied Probability and Statistics written by Mario Lefebvre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book moves systematically through the topic of applied probability from an introductory chapter to such topics as random variables and vectors, stochastic processes, estimation, testing and regression. The topics are well chosen and the presentation is enriched by many examples from real life. Each chapter concludes with many original, solved and unsolved problems and hundreds of multiple choice questions, enabling those unfamiliar with the topics to master them. Additionally appealing are historical notes on the mathematicians mentioned throughout, and a useful bibliography. A distinguishing character of the book is its thorough and succinct handling of the varied topics.

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Engineering

Download Stochastic Processes in Physics and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400928939
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes in Physics and Engineering by : Sergio Albeverio

Download or read book Stochastic Processes in Physics and Engineering written by Sergio Albeverio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. O. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father 'The Hermit Qad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown 'The point of a Pin'. van Gu!ik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics", "CFD", "completely integrable systems", "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order", which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.