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Author : Gerald W. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Application of Nuclear Explosions as Seismic Sources written by Gerald W. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ola Dahlman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483165167
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Ola Dahlman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.
Author : Anatoli L. Levshin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3034882645
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)
Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Surface Waves written by Anatoli L. Levshin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
Author : Eystein S. Husebye
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400985312
Total Pages : 867 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Identification of Seismic Sources — Earthquake or Underground Explosion written by Eystein S. Husebye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was seismic monitoring under a nuclear test ban - an application of scienti fic knowledge and modern technology for a political purpose. The international political objective of a comprehensive nuclear test ban provided in turn the motivation for our technical and scientific discussions. In order to obtain a historical perspec tive on the progress of the work towards a comprehensive test-ban treaty (CTB), it is necessary to go back to 1958, when a confer ence of scientific experts in Geneva made the first steps toward an international seismic monitoring system. However, agreement on actual capabilities of a monitoring system for verifying compliance with such a treaty was not achieved, and thus the conference did not lead to immediate political results. After the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, which banned nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, outer space and under the seas, renewed interest in the seismological verification of a CTB took place. A number of countries initiated large-scale research efforts toward detecting and identifying underground nuclear explosions, and it was in this context that the large aperture seismic arrays NORSAR and LASA were established. This type of development resulted in excellent seismic data in digital form and was thus of great irnprotance to the seismological com munity.
Author : Michael Joseph Howe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Improving Estimates of Seismic Source Parameters Using Surface-Wave Observations written by Michael Joseph Howe and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the physical basis for the mb-MS discriminant, which relies on differences between amplitudes of body waves and surface waves. We analyze observations for 71 well-recorded underground nuclear tests that were conducted between 1977-1989 at the Balapan test site near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan in the former Soviet Union. We combine revised mb values and earlier long-period surface-wave results with a new source model, which allows the vertical and horizontal forces of the explosive source to be different. We introduce a scaling factor between vertical and horizontal forces in the explosion model, to reconcile differences between body wave and surface wave observations. We find that this parameter is well correlated with the scaled depth of burial for UNEs at this test site. We use the modified source model to estimate the scaled depth of burial for the 71 UNEs considered in this study.
Author : John R. Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Seismic Identification Analyses of Cavity Decoupled Nuclear and Chemical Explosions written by John R. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 27th Seismic Research Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 27th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 20-22 September, 2005 in Rancho Mirage, California. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Author : Howard C. Rodean
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear-explosion Seismology written by Howard C. Rodean and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 23rd Seismic Research Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 23rd Seismic Research Review: Worldwide Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions, held 2-5 October, 2001 in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Author : William Alan Peppin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book The Cause of the Body-wave Surface-wave Discriminant Between Earthquakes and Underground Nuclear Explosions at Near-regional Distances written by William Alan Peppin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book A Complete Model for Seismic Source Behavior of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four most widely accepted forms used to represent the source time history of a nuclear explosion have been unified into a single simple time domain expression. A unique feature of this expression is that the Mueller-Murphy representation is given in terms of two characteristic frequency parameters (k's) and two independent source shaping parameters (B's). The Haskell, Helmberger-Hadley and von Seggern-Blandford representations have always been specified by one of each. There are a total of ten free parameters in the generalized fitting function which are too many for fitting any one type of seismic observation. Yet, they may be useful for unifying different types of data. In particular the Mueller-Murphy parameters are useful for modeling cavity scaling observations and the Helmberger-Hadley are best for studies of near field seismograms. However, there is a clear need to relate the investigations of both types of information. No unique mathematical relationship between the ten free parameters exists, but the differences between the pulses they predict can be measured in a least squares sense. To accomplish this, we have assumed that the Mueller-Murphy source is in fact correct and have found those source functions of the other three representations which approximate it most closely. An important result is that each of the four realizations of the unified source representation can be related to the others in a meaningful way, and the differences are negligible in a least squares sense. Future work needs to be directed at unifying the scaling laws of each representation which is where the real physics lies.
Author : Goran Ekstrom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783764365523
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (655 download)
Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 28th Seismic Research Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 28th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 19-21 September, 2006 in Orlando, Florida. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Peaceful Uses for Nuclear Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One hundred nine annotated and subject-arranged references are presented to reports and published literature concerning excavation, natural resources development and scientific applications. Author and report number availability indexes are included.
Author : Kin-Yip Chun
Publisher : The Division
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Test Ban Verification written by Kin-Yip Chun and published by The Division. This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismology is the main method of monitoring nuclear explosions that take place underground. Improved seismographic hardware, Canadian research expertise, and the availability of suitable land are all helping Canada become an increasingly notable contributor to this branch of forensic seismology. This report describes verification and its rationale; the basic tasks of seismic verification; the physical basis for earthquake-explosion source discrimination and explosion yield determination; the technical problems in seismic monitoring of underground nuclear tests; the basic problem-solving strategy deployed by the forensic seismology research team at the University of Toronto; and the scientific significance of the team's research.
Author : Eystein S. Husebye
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401104190
Total Pages : 843 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by Eystein S. Husebye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.
Author : J. R. Murphy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book High Frequency Seismic Source Characteristics of Cavity Decoupled Underground Nuclear Explosions written by J. R. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research investigated the high frequency characteristics of the seismic sources corresponding to cavity decoupled nuclear explosions and to assess the implications of these investigations with regard to the detection and discrimination of small decoupled explosions. This study has been carried out using a combination of deterministic simulations and analyses of empirical data recorded from selected cavity decoupled explosions. With regard to the deterministic simulations, a series of nonlinear finite difference calculations have been performed to simulate cavity decoupled explosions in unsaturated tuff and salt emplacement media. These simulations have confirmed the fact that the simple step pressure approximation is not valid at high frequencies and that the initial pressure spike on the cavity wall can induce significant nonlinear response. Preliminary analyses of high frequency seismic data recorded from the STERLING decoupled explosion in salt and the MILL YARD decoupled explosion in unsaturated tuff have provided evidence that the high frequency source components associated with the complex cavity pressure loadings do effectively couple into the seismic regime, in agreement with the predictions of the nonlinear finite difference simulations.
