Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2024

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926439804X
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2024 by : OECD

Download or read book Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-26 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first edition of the OECD Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook analyses Member countries’ efforts to uphold integrity and fight corruption. Based on data from the Public Integrity Indicators, it analyses the performance of countries’ integrity frameworks, and explores how some of the main challenges to governments today (including the green transition, artificial intelligence, and foreign interference) are increasing corruption and integrity risks for countries.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Montenegro

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264182802
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Montenegro by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Montenegro written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264718435
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

OECD Economic Surveys: Slovenia 2024

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926463178X
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Slovenia 2024 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Slovenia 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-07-03 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Slovenian economy proved resilient following the energy crisis and devastating floods. Growth is projected to pick up gradually. The labour market remains tight, with widespread labour shortages leading to strong wage growth. Inflation has slowed but remains elevated in services. Fiscal consolidation is needed to rebuild fiscal buffers and address emerging pressures from ageing-related cost, notably on pensions. Productivity growth would benefit from lifting remaining barriers in retail trade and restrictions on professional services. Female labour market participation is high, but the gender wage gap could be reduced further through adjustments in the tax and benefit system. Greater harmonisation of carbon prices, notably the removal of reduced tax rates for fossil fuels, is needed to reach emissions targets. High homeownership rates and a limited rental market, combined with insufficient residential construction, constrain housing options for many, especially the young and vulnerable. Enhancing housing supply can be achieved by streamlining spatial planning and permitting systems, reforming housing taxation, improving rental regulations, expanding access to mortgage finance, and promoting the development of social and affordable housing. SPECIAL FEATURE: ADDRESSING HOUSING MARKET CHALLENGES

OECD Public Governance Reviews: Uzbekistan Towards a More Modern, Effective and Strategic Public Administration

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Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264535284
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Public Governance Reviews: Uzbekistan Towards a More Modern, Effective and Strategic Public Administration by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Public Governance Reviews: Uzbekistan Towards a More Modern, Effective and Strategic Public Administration written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-11-06 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments worldwide face a complex landscape marked by short-term crises, long-term priorities, declining public trust, and the pressing need for environmental and digital transformation. To effectively address these challenges, public administrations must evolve, emphasising strategic planning, performance management, inter-agency collaboration, and evidence-based policies. Uzbekistan, committed to far-reaching public governance reforms, has navigated significant external pressures and geopolitical evolutions. These crises, alongside persistent domestic challenges such as socio-economic inequality and gaps in public service delivery, have spurred Uzbekistan to seek innovative and effective solutions. Through its national strategic plans, the country aims to build a modern public administration capable of providing justice and meeting citizens' needs. This OECD Public Governance Review assesses Uzbekistan’s governance system. To support the country’s reforms and boost the efficiency and effectiveness of its public administration, the review provides recommendations aligned with OECD standards on enhancing policy co-ordination and strategic planning, civil service capacity, public integrity and regulatory quality.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Serbia

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926496455X
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Serbia by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Serbia written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

Building Trust in Public Institutions Lessons from the 2023 OECD Trust Survey in Slovenia

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264927603
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Trust in Public Institutions Lessons from the 2023 OECD Trust Survey in Slovenia by : OECD

Download or read book Building Trust in Public Institutions Lessons from the 2023 OECD Trust Survey in Slovenia written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-11-04 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report offers insights into the state of trust in Slovenian public institutions. It analyses data from the 2023 OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions, comparing Slovenia's results with 29 other OECD countries. The study reveals both challenges and opportunities for reinforcing public trust in Slovenia, highlighting areas of strength in day-to-day interactions between people and public institutions whilst identifying concerns regarding decision-making processes on complex policy issues. Slovenia, like many nations, is grappling with the aftermath of natural disasters and global crises and is seeking to strengthen its democratic foundations. This report provides actionable insights for improving public governance, reinforcing democratic values, and building a more trusting relationship between citizens and public institutions. This comprehensive analysis offers a roadmap for policymakers, government officials, and civic leaders in Slovenia to enhance trust and, ultimately, strengthen the country's democratic processes and public governance.

OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2024

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264627766
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2024 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth is resuming, but challenges remain. Gradual fiscal consolidation is required over the short term to support the return of inflation to target and rebuild fiscal space, following substantial support during the pandemic and the energy crisis. Growing spending needs due to ageing and investment necessary to support the green transition call for tax reforms to strengthen revenues. Supply-side reforms are needed to sustain growth, including by providing businesses with certainty regarding taxation and land use planning to boost investment, and by strengthening work incentives to reduce economic inactivity. The United Kingdom is a front runner in the progress to reach net zero by 2050, but more effort is needed to accelerate emission reductions in residential housing, including a clear long-term strategy, pricing signals, regulatory timelines, and financial support to stimulate the market for decarbonised heating solutions. SPECIAL FEATURES: BOOSTING LABOUR SUPPLY; ENHANCING BUSINESS INVESTMENT TO LIFT PRODUCTIVITY; GREENING THE RESIDENTIAL HOUSING SECTOR

OECD Economic Surveys: United States 2024

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264558470
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: United States 2024 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: United States 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States economy has continued to expand at a solid pace and price pressures have eased somewhat. However, a sustained fiscal deficit has contributed to raising public debt as a share of GDP to its highest level since World War II, with a further substantial increase in prospect over coming decades as the population ages. To put the public finances on a more sustainable path, a multi-year fiscal adjustment should be enacted that achieves savings on pensions and healthcare and raises taxation, including on capital incomes. A more medium-term oriented and less complicated federal budgeting process would support this. At the same time, economic growth would benefit from productivity enhancing reforms that promote competition, including through maintaining international trade openness and reinforcing relevant skills in the workforce. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated, but further policy measures will be needed to achieve emission reduction targets. Policy options include a package of broad-based carbon pricing, taxes and sectoral policies. As the climate transition further progresses, additional measures will be needed to support displaced workers from fossil fuel industries and for climate adaptation. SPECIAL FEATURE: MANAGING FISCAL PRESSURES IN THE UNITED STATES

OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions – 2024 Results Building Trust in a Complex Policy Environment

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264339205
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions – 2024 Results Building Trust in a Complex Policy Environment by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions – 2024 Results Building Trust in a Complex Policy Environment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-07-10 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the main findings of the second OECD cross-national Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions, carried out in late 2023. With nearly 60 000 responses, representative of the adult population in 30 OECD countries, the survey investigated how people's expectations and experiences with government influence their trust in public institutions. These experiences and expectations range from day-to-day interactions with public institutions to government decision making on complex policy issues. The report identifies some of the main drivers of trust in government and other public institutions and discusses opportunities for policy action. For the first time, the report also analyses how trust levels and drivers have evolved in the 20 OECD countries that participated in the 2021 survey and how an information environment marked by an increasing amount of polarising content and disinformation affects people’s trust in public institutions.

OECD Public Governance Reviews The OECD Reinforcing Democracy Initiative Monitoring Report – Assessing Progress and Charting the Way Forward

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264792848
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Public Governance Reviews The OECD Reinforcing Democracy Initiative Monitoring Report – Assessing Progress and Charting the Way Forward by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Public Governance Reviews The OECD Reinforcing Democracy Initiative Monitoring Report – Assessing Progress and Charting the Way Forward written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-10-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As governments grapple with environmental and digital transitions and an erosion of trust in public institutions, bold action is needed to build people’s trust and strengthen democracy. To this end, the OECD launched its Reinforcing Democracy Initiative in 2022. This report offers an overview of collective progress made in OECD countries across the five pillars of the Initiative and their respective action plans: combatting mis‐ and disinformation; enhancing participation, representation, and openness in public life, including a focus on gender equality; stronger open democracies in a globalised world; governing green; and digital democracy. In each of these areas, the report provides recent cross‐country indicators of progress (when available) and highlights best practices from countries. The report draws on OECD and other data to assess progress, including the 2024 results of the OECD Survey on the Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions. It also identifies gaps in action and points to a set of common priorities for moving forward together.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Kosovo

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264536981
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Kosovo by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Kosovo written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: North Macedonia

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264847499
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: North Macedonia by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: North Macedonia written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Regional Profile

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264501630
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Regional Profile by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Regional Profile written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Albania

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264332464
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Albania by : OECD

Download or read book Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Albania written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the six Western Balkan (WB6) economies depends on greater economic competitiveness. Although the gap is closing gradually, the standards of living in WB6 are well below those of the OECD and EU. Accelerating the rate of socio-economic convergence will require a holistic and growth oriented approach to policy making. This is the fourth study of the region (formerly under the title 'Competitiveness in South East Europe') and it comprehensively assesses policy reforms in the WB6 economies across 15 policy areas key to strengthening their competitiveness. It enables WB6 economies to compare economic performance against regional peers, as well as EU-OECD good practices and standards, and to design future policies based on rich evidence and actionable policy recommendations. The regional profile presents assessment findings across five policy clusters crucial to accelerating socio-economic convergence of the WB6 by fostering regional co-operation: business environment, skills, infrastructure and connectivity, digital transformation and greening. Economy-specific profiles complement the regional assessment, offering each WB6 economy an in-depth analysis of their policies supporting competitiveness. They also track the implementation of the previous 2021 study's recommendations and provide additional ones tailored to the economies’ evolving challenges. These recommendations aim to inform structural economic reforms and facilitate the region’s socio-economic convergence towards the standards of the EU and OECD.

The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2024

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040092861
Total Pages : 3164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2024 by : Europa Publications

Download or read book The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2024 written by Europa Publications and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 3164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2024 serves as an unequalled one-volume guide to the contemporary international system. Within a clear, unique framework the recent activities of all major international organizations are described in detail. Given alongside extensive background information the reader is able to assess the role and evolving functions of these organizations in today's world. The contact details, key personnel and activities of more than 2,000 international and regional entities have again been thoroughly researched and updated for this 25th edition. Highlights in this edition include: - a fully revised Who's Who section with biographical details of the key players in the international system. - the response of the international community to crises and conflicts throughout the world. - specially-commissioned introductory essays cover topics including global environmental governance, transboundary water management, and multilateral governance and global action on health.

Republic of Türkiye

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Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Republic of Türkiye by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.

Download or read book Republic of Türkiye written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-10-11 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant tightening of macroeconomic policy since mid-2023 has substantially reduced crisis risks. Tighter financial conditions are weighing on domestic demand and inflation has fallen. Tax and expenditure measures partly dampened an expansionary fiscal impulse and the commitment to stronger incomes policies has strengthened credibility. Market sentiment has improved, with investors shifting into lira while lower commodity prices, buoyant exports, and reduced gold imports have strengthened the current account and boosted international reserves. Türkiye’s sovereign ratings have been upgraded and country risk premia have halved. While now subsiding, still-high inflation expectations and sequential inflation suggest an insufficiently tight policy stance to reach the midpoint of the authorities’ inflation forecast range.