Antarctica After 1991

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctica After 1991 by : Rüdiger Wolfrum

Download or read book Antarctica After 1991 written by Rüdiger Wolfrum and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Antarctica After 1991

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctica After 1991 by : S. K. N. Blay

Download or read book Antarctica After 1991 written by S. K. N. Blay and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Who Saved Antarctica?

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030784053
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Who Saved Antarctica? by : Andrew Jackson

Download or read book Who Saved Antarctica? written by Andrew Jackson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a diplomatic history of a turning point in Antarctic governance: the 1991 adoption of comprehensive environmental protection obligations for an entire continent, which prohibited mining. Solving the mining issue became a symbol of finding diplomatic consensus. The book combines historiographic concepts of contingency, conjuncture and accidental events with theories of structural, entrepreneurial and intellectual leadership. Drawing on archival documents, it shows that Antarctic governance is more adaptive than some imagine, and policy success depends on the interplay of normative practices, serendipitous events, public engagement and influential players able to exploit those circumstances. Ultimately, the events revealed in this book show that the protection of the Antarctic Treaty itself remains as important as protecting the Antarctic environment.

Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781720666349
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (663 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality by : Colin Summerhayes

Download or read book Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality written by Colin Summerhayes and published by . This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secrets of the Third Reich's Base in Antarctica A remarkable event occurred in 1999, but only specialists paid adequate attention to it. A research expedition discovered a virus in Antarctica; at that, neither people nor animals had immunity to the virus. After all, Antarctica is far away, for this very reason the virus cannot be dangerous for the rest of the planet, especially the dangerous discovery was deep in the permafrost. However, scientists say that against the background of a global warming threatening the Earth, the unknown virus can cause an awful catastrophe on the planet. Expert Tom Starmerue from the University of New York also shares the pessimistic forecasts of his colleagues. "We don't know what the mankind will face in the South Pole in the nearest time due to the global warming. It is not ruled out that an unbelievable catastrophe may break out. Viruses protected with a protein cover survive even in the permafrost; as soon as the temperature gets warmer they will immediately start reproducing." American scientists treated the Antarctica discovery very seriously and even organized a special expedition that currently tests the ice for unknown viruses in order to develop an antidote in good time. What is the source of the virus in Antarctica where only penguins can survive in the ice? There is no answer to the question, specialists are at a loss. However, several theories concerning the problem have been put forward. We would like to touch upon the most interesting of them. A majority of scientists are inclined to believe that prehistoric forms of life probably survived in the permafrost. There are more versions that are interesting and sometimes quite unusual. Some specialists blame bonzes of the Third Reich for delivery of a secretly developed bacteriological weapon to Antarctica. And this theory arose not in a vacuum. It is known that already in 1938 Nazis suddenly became interested in Antarctica, they organized two expeditions to the area in 1938-1939. At first, planes of the Third Reich took detailed pictures of unexplored territories and then they dropped several thousands of metal pennons with swastika there. The whole of the explored territory was called Neuschwabenland and was considered a part of the Third Reich. After the expedition, Captain Ritscher reported to Field-Marshal Hering: "The planes dropped the pennons each 25 kilometers; we covered the area of about 8.600 thousand square meters. 350 thousand square meters of them were photographed." In 1943, Grand Admiral Karl Donitz dropped a remarkable phrase: "Germany's submarine fleet is proud that it created an unassailable fortress for the Fuhrer on the other end of the world." Submarines were mostly used for transportation of necessary freight to the place. The submarines also received passengers whose faces were hidden behind surgical bands. Wilhelm Bernhard was commander of one of the submarines, U-530; the submarine left the port of Kiel on April 13, 1945. When it reached the shores of Antarctica, 16 members from the crew built an ice cave and put boxes into the cave; it was allegedly said that the boxes contained relics of the Third Reich, including Hitler's documents and personal stuff. The operation was code named Valkyrie-2. When the operation was over on July 10, 1945, the submarine U-530 entered the Argentinean port of Mar-del-Plata and surrendered to the authorities. It is also supposed that another submarine from the formation, U-977, under the command of Heinz Scheffer, delivered the remains of Hitler and Braun to Neuschwabenland. It followed the route of the U-530 submarine and called at Antarctica. The sub arrived in Mar-del-Plata on Aug. 17, 1945.

The Antarctic Environmental Protocol and Its Domestic Legal Implementation

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Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041120645
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic Environmental Protocol and Its Domestic Legal Implementation by : C. J. Bastmeijer

Download or read book The Antarctic Environmental Protocol and Its Domestic Legal Implementation written by C. J. Bastmeijer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major step towards the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment is the adoption of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991. The Protocol entered into force in January 1998 and provides a comprehensive system of obligations and prohibitions addressing most types of activities in the region south of 60 degrees south latitude. However, because of the absence of undisputed sovereignty in Antarctica, the legal protection of the Antarctic environment depends on the collective efforts of the Contracting Parties to the Protocol. Have the Contracting Parties adequately incorporated the key provisions of the Protocol into their domestic legal systems? Will the complex of domestic legal systems of the Contracting Parties adequately ensure a 'comprehensive protection' of the 'natural reserve' of Antarctica, as specified by Article 2 of the Protocol? These questions are the subject of this book.

Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784717681
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica by : Klaus Dodds

Download or read book Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica written by Klaus Dodds and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic and Southern Ocean are hotspots for contemporary endeavours to oversee 'the last frontier' of the Earth. The Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica offers a wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the governance, geopolitics, international law, cultural studies and history of the region. Four thematic sections take readers from the earliest human encounters to contemporary resource exploitation and climate change. Written by leading experts, the Handbook brings together the very best interdisciplinary social science and humanities scholarship on the Antarctic and Southern Ocean.

Antarctic Journal of the United States

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctic Journal of the United States by :

Download or read book Antarctic Journal of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law

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Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9789041105059
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law by : Kemal Baslar

Download or read book The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law written by Kemal Baslar and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the common heritage of mankind is one of the most extraordinary developments in recent intellectual history and one of the most revolutionary and radical legal concepts to have emerged in recent decades. The year 1997 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the advent of the concept in the domain of public international law. Ever since its emergence, it has become evident that no other concept, notion, principle or doctrine has brought as much intensive debate, controversy, confrontation and speculation as the common heritage phenomenon did. This is because it is a philosophical idea that questions the regimes of globally important resources regardless of their situation, and requires major changes in the world to apply its provisions. In other words, the application and enforcement of the common heritage of mankind require a critical reexamination of many well-established principles and doctrines of classical international law, such as acquisition of territory, consent-based sources of international law, sovereignty, equality, resource allocation and international personality. This book aims to explore the legal theory and implications of the concept of the common heritage of mankind. It addresses almost all aspects of the concept in the light of the experience of three decades. The author takes into account the elements of the common heritage concept in the fields of jurisprudence, outer space law, the law of the sea, the law of Antarctica, international environmental law, human rights and general principles of public international law. It tries to develop a normative framework through which the concept may offer alternatives for the governance of the global commons.

The International Politics of Antarctica (Routledge Revivals)

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317700961
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The International Politics of Antarctica (Routledge Revivals) by : Peter J. Beck

Download or read book The International Politics of Antarctica (Routledge Revivals) written by Peter J. Beck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1986, this book considers the nature of international interest in Antarctica and the positions of those involved. It looks at the significance of the historical dimension, the development of the treaty system, the management of marine and mineral resources, the role of the United Nations and the impact of such non-governmental organisations as Greenpeace International. The Antarctic implications of the Falklands War of 1982 are also discussed, as well as the underlying relationship between America and the Soviet Union during the 1980s. With a truly international scope, this reissue will be of particular relevance to students with an interest in the political, legal, economic and environmental concerns surrounding the Antarctic region, both in the present and historically.

Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309049474
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the negotiation of the International Protocol on Environmental Protection in 1991, those nations conducting scientific research programs in Antarctica face new challenges for stewardship of the southern continent and protection of its environment. Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic examines how the implementation of the 1991 agreement in the United States can be done in such a way to ensure the compatibility of scientific and environmental protection goals in this global laboratory. The book also addresses the potential for the new requirements both to benefit and harm research activities in Antarctica.

International Law and Dispute Settlement

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847315666
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law and Dispute Settlement by : Duncan French

Download or read book International Law and Dispute Settlement written by Duncan French and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03-04 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International dispute settlement plays a fundamental role in maintaining the fabric of the international legal order, reflecting the desire of States, and increasingly non-State actors, to resolve their differences through international dispute procedures and other legal mechanisms. This edited collection focuses upon the growth and complexity of such legal methods, which includes judicial settlement (courts and tribunals), arbitration and other legal (or what might be termed 'extra-legal') means (international organisations, committees, inspection panels, and ombudsmen). In this important collection, such mechanisms are compared and evaluated side-by-side to provide, in one volume, a detailed and analytical account of the current framework. Ranging from key conceptual issues of proliferation of legal mechanisms and the associated risks of fragmentation through to innovations in dispute settlement mechanisms in many topical areas of international law, including international trade law, collective security law and regional law, this collection, written by leading international lawyers, provides a major study in the ongoing trends and emerging problems in this crucial area of international law. This edited collection is published to mark the retirement of Professor John Merrills, Emeritus Professor of International Law, University of Sheffield, who has written widely on international law and human rights law, but is probably best known for his work on the settlement of international disputes, evidenced by the enduring appeal of his leading text International Dispute Settlement, now in its fourth edition.

The Antarctic Silverfish: a Keystone Species in a Changing Ecosystem

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319558935
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic Silverfish: a Keystone Species in a Changing Ecosystem by : Marino Vacchi

Download or read book The Antarctic Silverfish: a Keystone Species in a Changing Ecosystem written by Marino Vacchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the body of available scientific information on the notothenioid fish Pleuragramma antarctica commonly known as Antarctic silverfish. This plankton-feeder of the intermediate trophic level is the most abundant fish in the coastal regions of high Antarctica, and plays a pivotal ecological role as the main prey of top predators like seals, penguins, whales and Antarctic toothfish. Broad circum-polar distribution, a key role in the Antarctic shelf pelagic ecosystem, and adaptations makes understanding the species’ likely response to environmental change relevant to foresee the potential responses at the local ecosystem level. Additionally, a detailed understanding of the abundance and trophic interactions of such a dominant keystone species is a vital element of informing the development of marine spatial planning and marine protected areas in the Antarctic continental shelf region. Experts in the field provide here unique insights into the evolutionary adaptation, eco-physiology, trophic ecology, reproductive and population ecology of the Antarctic silverfish and provide new clues about its vulnerability in facing the challenges of the ongoing environmental changes.

The Antarctic Dictionary

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Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 9780957747111
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic Dictionary by : Bernadette Hince

Download or read book The Antarctic Dictionary written by Bernadette Hince and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's most isolated continent has spawned some of the most unusual words in the English language. This comprehensive guide to the origins and definitions of such words as donga and growler, is supported by more than 15,000 quotations drawn from over 1000 sources. A treat for anyone who's ever dreamed of visiting Antarctica.

Transboundary Damage in International Law

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139438107
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Transboundary Damage in International Law by : Hanqin Xue

Download or read book Transboundary Damage in International Law written by Hanqin Xue and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chernobyl disaster, the Amoco Cadiz oil spill and the Colorado River dispute are examples of an activity conducted by one state which has serious adverse effects in the territory of another, or in global common areas. This book details the international rules and compensation procedures and is intended for use by governmental officials, international lawyers and jurists. It discusses existing laws on international liability and considers the underlying legal issues that require further development. It is one of the few books on the subject written from the perspective of a developing country with rapid economic and social development.

Antarctic Environments and Resources

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317897056
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctic Environments and Resources by : J.D. Hansom

Download or read book Antarctic Environments and Resources written by J.D. Hansom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctica is no longer a 'pole apart'. From a scientific perspective, the Antarctic ice sheet, ocean and climate systems are intimately linked with the global climate and are now seen to be of international significance for understanding climate change. From an economic perspective, the Antarctic is perceived to have great potential as a source of marine resources although the extent of speculated mineral and hydrocarbon resources is unknown. From a conservation perspective, the continent of Antarctica represents the ideal image of unspoiled wilderness. Antarctic Environments and Resources is an accessible and timely new geography of the Antarctic which examines the differing and sometimes conflicting interests in the great southern continent, the Southern Ocean and the subantarctic islands against a background of the physical and natural systems of the region and their interactions. It charts the development of human involvement in the area, focusing on the exploitation of resources from early sealing to modern fisheries, tourism and science, and it assesses the consequent impacts on the natural environment. The text also reviews the emerging framework for future environmental management developed under the Antarctic Treaty System. This is an ideal text for undergraduates studying glacial geomorphology, environmental management, polar regions and the Antarctic.

Encyclopedia of the Antarctic

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0415970245
Total Pages : 1274 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Antarctic by : Beau Riffenburgh

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Antarctic written by Beau Riffenburgh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

The Antarctic Legal System and Environmental Issues

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Publisher : Giuffrè Editore
ISBN 13 : 8814131759
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic Legal System and Environmental Issues by : Gianfranco Tamburelli

Download or read book The Antarctic Legal System and Environmental Issues written by Gianfranco Tamburelli and published by Giuffrè Editore. This book was released on 2006 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: