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Author : Betty Ann Torres
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (355 download)
Download or read book Angular Dependence of Dose Equivalent Response of an Albedo Neutron Dosimeter written by Betty Ann Torres and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth Guy Veinot
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (441 download)
Download or read book An Angular Dependent Neutron Effective-dose-equivalent Dosimeter written by Kenneth Guy Veinot and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Correcting the Response of an Albedo Neutron Dosimeter for Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neutron response of an albedo neutron dosimeter varies greatly with energy. For example, the dosimeter, calibrated with moderated Californium fission neutrons, will read more than 30 times the dose from thermal neutrons and less than 3% of the dose from 14 MeV neutrons. To report a correct result, the measured dose equivalent is multiplied by a neutron energy correction factor (NECF). Two techniques for finding the NECF were developed through a cooperative effort among the Naval Research Laboratory, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, and the Naval Dosimetry Center. Data for the DT-702 (measured in 5 different neutron spectra) matched data for the DT-648 dosimeter from 15 spectra that included an SSBN and the NATO standard battlefield spectrum. NECFs calculated from count rate ratios of the AN/PDR-70 neutron remmeter (rem) to its internal parts (guts) or from the ratio of the inner to the outer neutron dosimeters in the DETECTOR RADIAC SS-20/S (NAM-5) make the DT-702 dosimeter about as accurate as the AN/PDR-70 neutron remmeter.
Download or read book Effect of Energy Dependence on the Evaluations of Albedo Neutron Dosimeters written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albedo neutron dosimeters have proven to be effective as a method of measuring the dose from low-energy neutrons that other types of personnel neutron dosimeters do not detect. Many albedo neutron dosimeters have been designed, and some are being used extensively. All albedo neutron dosimeters are energy- dependent, becoming less sensitive as the energy of the neutrons is increased. In this paper the energy dependence and the effect it has on the evaluation of the dose are discussed. Numerous measurements are shown which were made under field conditions at five reactors, two accelerators, a radiochemistry facility, two plutonium facilities, a low-scatter neutron irradiation facility, three storage vaults, and at the N.B.S. low-energy neutron beams. These measurements show the limits imposed by the energy dependence on the evaluation of the dose determined by albedo neutron dosimeters. In most cases evaluation of an individual's dose occurring in a single facility can be reasonably accurate, but it must be known in which facility the person was exposed. Procedures using the incident thermal neutron response of TLDs located on top of the dosimeter to correct for the energy dependence are discussed; and errors caused by wearing a dosimeter improperly are evaluated. (auth).
Author : Dale E. Hankins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Energy Dependence of Albedo Neutron Dosimeters Placed on the Head written by Dale E. Hankins and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chwei-jeng Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (228 download)
Download or read book The Development, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of a New Combination Type Personnel Neutron Dosimeter written by Chwei-jeng Liu and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert C. Nelson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Application of a Simple Ratio Technique for Spectral Correction of a Neutron Personnel Albedo Dosimeter written by Robert C. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To accurately assess the dose equivalent indicated by the albedo response of a neutron personnel dosimeter, additional knowledge is generally required in order to apply the needed spectral specific correction factors. This work was designed to evaluate the capability of the USAF Personnel Neutron Dosimeter to self-calibrate for moderated fission neutron spectra. The boron/bare ratio technique is compared with a simple theoretical model of the dosimeter and with the 23 cm (9 in) to 7.6 cm (3 in) Hankins' remmeter calibration technique. The overall goal was to provide dose-equivalent estimates comparable to those provided by the remmeter technique without the necessity of special on-site measurements. Although the boron/bare technique with the present dosimeter fails to provide calibration factors needed for moderated fission neutron spectra, theoretical predictions based upon the model and the measured dosimeter responses are used to propose a dosimeter design which might fulfill the desired goal. Ancillary data gathered during the study are also presented.
Author : A. E. Nash
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Response of an Albedo Neutron Dosimeter to Moderated AmBe and 252(Cf) Neutron Sources written by A. E. Nash and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response per Rem of an albedo neutron dosimeter has been determined for 56 neutron spectra which were generated by moderating AmBe and 252 Cf (Californium 252) neutron sources with various combinations of Lucite, polyethylene, and steel. The spectra were determined by using Bonner spheres and were further characterized by using commercially available 9-in., 3-in., and bare BF3 (Boron Fluoride) tube detectors and an Anderson-Braun-type Remmeter. The average energy of the spectra ranged from approximately 0.4 to 4.5 MeV. The ratio of the 3-in. detector response to the 9-in. detector response varied from about 0.3 to 3, and the ratio of the bare detector response varied from 0.04 to 3. The response per Rem of the albedo dosimeter, a 6 LiF-7 LiF (Lithium Fluoride) detector pair behind a cadmium shield encased in a plastic badge, varied by more than a factor of seven. Our experiments showed that for this type albedo dosimeter, the bare to 9-in. detector ratio is more appropriate for reducing energy dependence than the 3-in. to 9-in. ratio, which is recommended for completely cadmium-encased albedo dosimeters, and is often used for other types of albedo dosimeters. Using both ratios gives optimum results; the average error due to energy dependence was reduced to about + or - 10%. Using the response ratio of a detector in front of the cadmium shield to the one behind the shield to correct for energy dependence was also effective for these spectra; the average error was approximately + or - 20%. Keywords: Personnel radiation monitoring; Radiation dosimetry; Neutrons. (Author).
Author : H. G. Menzel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry written by H. G. Menzel and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Using Response Characteristics of Neutron Measurement Devices to Improve Neutron Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent administrative restrictions on personnel dose equivalent have resulted in increased pressure to more accurately report the neutron component without the traditional conservative added factors which sometimes inflate the reported values. Improvements include a new albedo neutron dosimeter which is capable of some limited energy discrimination. Also, additional emphasis has been placed on improving field measurements using traditional survey instrumentation and specialized spectroscopic techniques such as tissue equivalent proportional counters, Bonner spheres, and a modified 9 inches to 3 inches ratio technique. Improvements in these techniques along with a better understanding of the response of the TLD system have resulted in substantial reduction in the reported dose equivalent by improving the accuracy of the dosimeter system. The response characteristics of the TLD system and other instrumentation are obtained through modeling with the Monte Carlo code MCNP-4A. Neutron fields in work-areas are initially characterized with Bonner spheres. Routine updates are accomplished using a modified 9 inches to 3 inches ratio technique. These measurements are then used to predict the response of the TLD system when worn in that area. Correction curves are derived for the principal spectrum with various fractions of moderated or reflected neutrons. Work assignments are tracked through a database systems which is used to determine the principal spectrum that results in the neutron dose equivalent. The energy discrimination capability of the TLD system is used with the correction curve to derive an average correction appropriate to the readings of the dosimeter thus giving an energy corrected dose equivalent for the individual.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Oberhofer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792324362
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Techniques and Management of Personnel Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Services written by M. Oberhofer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-10-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Commission on Radiological Protection and the Euratom Council directive have specified that workers exposed to ionizing radiation shall be subjected to individual dose monitoring. In the past, individual doses have almost always been monitored by film badge dosimeters, but thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are now coming into widespread use, principally due to the availability of automated readout systems. Techniques and Management of Personnel Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Services gives details of the operation of and experience gained with a number of large-scale TL personnel dosimetry services, with particular attention being paid to the management aspects of such services. For technical and administrative personnel in TLD services, TLD system designers, staff of licensing authorities concerned with dosimetric licensing, students of radiation protection, especially in the area of protection from ionizing radiation. A basic knowledge of atomic and nuclear physics is assumed, and a training in radiation protection or health physics would be an advantage.
Download or read book Neutron Response of a New Albedo-neutron Dosimeter written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is converting from a film badge to a badge containing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). The new dosimeter consists of a plastic badge holding an aluminum card which contains three TLD-700 and one TLD-600 Harshaw LiF chips. In the albedo-neutron portion of the badge, based on Hankins' design, the TLD-600 and one TLD-700 chips are shielded from thermal neutrons by 0.026-inch-thick cadmium. From the difference in readings of these two TLD's, the neutron dose is estimated. There is also a detachable holder for NTA film if needed to cover the neutron energy range not covered by the albedo-neutron badge. The neutron energy response of the new badge was measured, using monoenergetic sources over the range from 0.1 to 14 MeV and is compared with a calculated response over this range. Since NTA film cannot detect proton recoils from neutrons with energies less than 0.7 MeV, a primary advantage of the TLD albedo-neutron badge is its ability to record neutrons down to the cadmium cutoff. However, a major disadvantage is its sharp decrease in sensitivity with increasing energy. Data are given showing this. Using a BF3 detector inside 9-inch and 3-inch polyethylene spheres containing cadmium, Hankins developed a method for applying energy calibration factors to the albedo-neutron TLD badge readings. This method is based on two premises: first, that the response in rem of the 9-inch sphere is independent of energy and second, that the response of the 3-inch sphere is similar to that of the TLD albedo-neutron badge. Measurements to test the validity of these premises are reported. The method requires initial 9-inch to 3-inch sphere ratios to be measured in each area where neutrons are encountered and periodic checks to detect changes which may occur.
Author : R. Jahr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry written by R. Jahr and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dale E. Hankins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Design of Albedo Neutron Dosimeters Containing Lithium Fluoride Thermoluminescent Dosimeters written by Dale E. Hankins and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert B. Schwartz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Design and Construction of a D20-moderated 252 Cf Course for Calibrating Neutron Personnel Dosimeters Used at Nuclear Power Reactors written by Robert B. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
