Androgens And Ectoparasites As Proximate Factors Influencing Growth In The Sexually Dimorphic Lizard Sceloporus Undulatus

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Androgens and Ectoparasites as Proximate Factors Influencing Growth in the Sexually Dimorphic Lizard, Sceloporus Undulatus

Author : Nicholas Pollock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Androgens and Ectoparasites as Proximate Factors Influencing Growth in the Sexually Dimorphic Lizard, Sceloporus Undulatus by : Nicholas Pollock

Download or read book Androgens and Ectoparasites as Proximate Factors Influencing Growth in the Sexually Dimorphic Lizard, Sceloporus Undulatus written by Nicholas Pollock and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of evidence indicates that testosterone (T) plays an important role in regulating patterns of growth in lizards. Testosterone has also been found to facilitate the development of male-typical coloration and a suite of male behaviors that increase reproductive success. However, while T promotes male fitness through these characteristics, it appears to hinder fitness through direct molecular inhibition of growth and through indirect potential costs associated with increased parasitism. The relationship between T and ectoparasitism is complicated by seasonal variation in host circulating T levels and ectoparasite life cycles. It is unclear whether sex differences in ectoparasite loads are present year-round, are present only when circulating T is high in males, or are present only when ectoparasite abundances are high. Furthermore, it is often assumed that because ectoparasites feed by taking nutrients and energy from their hosts, then ectoparasites likely impact host growth. Effects of ectoparasitism on host growth may be particularly high in males if they have greater ectoparasite loads than females. This could indirectly lead to slower male growth and smaller overall male body size. To address the lack of information regarding direct and indirect effects of T on growth, seasonal variation in sex- biased ectoparasite loads, and of the relationship between ectoparasitism and growth, I investigated (1) whether growth inhibition in eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) is regulated through androgen or estrogen receptors, (2) seasonal correlations of mite loads with environmental mite abundances, and (3) whether sex differences in growth are correlated with sex differences in mite loads. I found that DHT inhibits male growth in S. undulatus, suggesting that T inhibits growth through direct androgenic molecular regulation. Furthermore, as indicated by the negative correlation between male growth and mite load, I found that T may also inhibit growth in males indirectly through costs associated with increased mite parasitism. Mite loads on S. undulatus varied seasonally, with peak mite loads occurring during months of high environmental mite abundance, coincident with seasonally high circulating T in yearling males and negatively correlated with male growth. This suggests that mites may impose a cost to growth in S. undulatus and contribute to male growth-inhibition, sex-specific growth rates, and the development of sexual size dimorphism (SSD).

Parasites and Pathogens

Author : N.E. Beckage
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461559839
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Parasites and Pathogens by : N.E. Beckage

Download or read book Parasites and Pathogens written by N.E. Beckage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Nancy Beckage and I first met in Lynn Riddiford's laboratory at the University of Washington in the mid 1970s, the fields of parasitology, behavior, and endocrinology were thriving and far-flung--disciplines in no serious danger of intersecting. There were rumors that they might have some common ground: Behavioural Aspects of Parasite Transmission (Canning and Wright, 1972) had just emerged, with exciting news not only of the way parasites themselves behave, but also of Machiavellian worms that caused intermediate hosts to shift fundamental responses to light and disturbance, becoming in the process more vulnerable to predation by the next host (Holmes and Bethel, 1972). Meanwhile, biologists such as Miriam Rothschild (see Dedication), G. B. Solomon (1969), and Lynn Riddiford herself (1975) had suggested that the endocrinological rami of parasitism might be subtle and pervasive. In general, however, para fications sites were viewed as aberrant organisms, perhaps good for a few just-so stories prior to turning our attention once again to real animals. In the decade that followed, Pauline Lawrence (1986a,b), Davy Jones (Jones et al. , 1986), Nancy Beckage (Beckage, 1985; Beckage and Templeton, 1986), and others, including many in this volume, left no doubt that the host-parasite combination in insect systems was physiologically distinct from its unparasitized counterpart in ways that went beyond gross pathology.

Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology

Author : David Costantini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642546633
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology by : David Costantini

Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology written by David Costantini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses oxidative stress and hormesis from the perspective of an evolutionary ecologist or physiologist. In the first of ten chapters, general historical information, definitions, and background of research on oxidative stress physiology, hormesis, and life history are provided. Chapters 2-10 highlight the different solutions that organisms have evolved to cope with the oxidative threats posed by their environments and lifestyles. The author illustrates how oxidative stress and hormesis have shaped diversity in organism life-histories, behavioral profiles, morphological phenotypes, and aging mechanisms. The book offers fascinating insights into how organisms work and how they evolve to sustain their physiological functions under a vast array of environmental conditions.

Reptile Biodiversity

Author : Roy W. McDiarmid
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520266714
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Reptile Biodiversity by : Roy W. McDiarmid

Download or read book Reptile Biodiversity written by Roy W. McDiarmid and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Authoritative and comprehensive—provides an up-to-date description of the tool box of methods for inventorying and monitoring the diverse spectrum of reptiles. All biodiversity scientists will want to have it during project planning and as study progresses. A must for field biologists, conservation planners, and biodiversity managers.”—Jay M. Savage, San Diego State University “Kudos to the editors and contributors to this book. From the perspective of a non-ecologist such as myself, who only occasionally needs to intensively sample a particular site or habitat, the quality and clarity of this book has been well worth the wait.”—Jack W. Sites, Jr.

Hormones, Brain, and Behavior

Author : Carl Gans
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226281247
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (812 download)

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Book Synopsis Hormones, Brain, and Behavior by : Carl Gans

Download or read book Hormones, Brain, and Behavior written by Carl Gans and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 18.

Behavior of Lizards

Author : Vincent Bels
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429640722
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavior of Lizards by : Vincent Bels

Download or read book Behavior of Lizards written by Vincent Bels and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Presents a contemporary snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation of behavior Explores how genetics, epigenetics, development, and environment shape behavior Discusses a broad range of behavioral repertoires and responses, including those related to thermoregulatory, foraging, predatory, displaying, social and escape strategies. Examines physiological and sensory mechanisms Covers the effects of various aspects of global change on behavior, with chapters that focus on the impacts of climate change on hydroregulatory behavior and behavioral responses to the effects of habitat alteration resulting from human-mediated change and colonization by invasive species. Lizards serve as focal organisms for many of biological questions related to evolution, ecology, physiology, and morphology. They are studied at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from the individual to the community level. This book, authored by expert contributors from around the world, explores behaviors underlying the evolution and adaptation of these organisms. It covers conceptual, empirical, and methodological approaches to the understanding of the role that natural and sexual selection play in molding the behavioral traits of lizards. This thorough, illustrated reference should stimulate discussion of the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying the behavioral traits of these fascinating and highly diverse vertebrates.

Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Mammals

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Mammals by :

Download or read book Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Mammals written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wild Pigs in the United States

Author : John J. Mayer
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820331376
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Wild Pigs in the United States by : John J. Mayer

Download or read book Wild Pigs in the United States written by John J. Mayer and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an estimated population of at least 500,000 distributed across nineteen states, the wild-living pig (Sus scrofa) is the most abundant free-ranging introduced ungulate in the United States. Until now, however, little has been known about the wild pig on a national scale, despite its abundance and significance as both a pest and a game animal. Whereas previous studies have been regional in scope, Wild Pigs in the United States is the most comprehensive work available on wild pig history, current status, comparative morphology, and other subjects important to the species' management and control. The information in this volume relates to the country's three prevalent wild pig types: the introduced Eurasian wild boar, the feral (once domestic, now wild) hog, and hybrids of the two. The first section of the book presents a history of wild pigs in this country-their origins; when, where, and by whom they were first introduced; and their subsequent dispersal. John J. Mayer and I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr. then develop specific criteria, based on taxonomic principles, for differentiating between the wild pig types. Employing numerous illustrations, graphs, and tables, they analyze and compare morphometric and discrete characters of the skull, external body dimensions and proportions, coat colorations patterns, and hair structure and form. A report on the status of wild pig populations in the United States (as of 1991) completes the volume. To profile the present ranges, habitats, and morphotypic makeups of wild pigs, the authors conducted two national surveys--in 1981 and 1988--among private individuals and federal and state personnel. Their report is also based on other recent wild pig studies and additional information from survey respondents. The book's reference section is particularly valuable, for its lists all sources consulted as well as the names and addresses of authorities the authors interviewed or with whom they corresponded. Aided by the book's wealth of current data, biologists and wildlife managers can make informed decisions about such issues as state versus private ownership of wild pig populations and the status of wild pigs as pests or game animals. In addition, hunters and sportsmen, zoologists, and even specialized historians and archaeologists will find Wild Pigs in the United States useful and informative.

Animal Signals

Author : John Maynard Smith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198526858
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Signals by : John Maynard Smith

Download or read book Animal Signals written by John Maynard Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reliability of animal signals is a central problem for evolutionary biologists. This text argues that it is maintained in several ways, relevant in different circumstances, and that biologists must learn to distinguish between them.

Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species

Author : Bairbre O'Malley
Publisher : Saunders Limited.
ISBN 13 : 9780702027826
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species by : Bairbre O'Malley

Download or read book Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species written by Bairbre O'Malley and published by Saunders Limited.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the first in-depth textbook dealing solely with the comparative anatomy and physiology of exotic species. It is specifically written with the veterinary practitioner in mind to give a better understanding of the functioning of exotic species. It is heavily illustrated with clear line diagrams, radiographs and colour illustrations."--Jacket.

The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes

Author : Maria E. Abate
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9402420800
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes by : Maria E. Abate

Download or read book The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes written by Maria E. Abate and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-19 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the most recent and most comprehensive consideration of the largest family of bony fishes, the Cichlidae. This book offers an integrated perspective of cichlid fishes ranging from conservation of threatened species to management of cichlids as invasive species themselves. Long-standing models of taxonomy and systematics are subjected to the most recent applications and interpretations of molecular evidence and multivariate analyses; and cichlid adaptive radiations at different scales are elucidated. The incredible diversity of endemic cichlid species in African lakes is revisited as possible examples of sympatric speciation and as serious cases for management in complex anthropogenic environments. Extreme hydrology and bathymetry as driver of micro-allopatric speciation is explored in the African riverine hotspot of diversity of the lower Congo River. Dramatic new molecular evidence draws attention to the complex taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical cichlids including the crater lakes of Central America. Molecular genetics, genomics, imaging tools and field study techniques assess the roles of natural, sexual and kin selection in shaping cichlid traits and beyond. The complex behavioral adaptations of cichlids are considered from a number of sub-disciplines including sensory biology, neurobiology, development, and evolutionary ecology. Most importantly, this volume puts forth a wealth of new interpretations, explanatory hypotheses and proposals for practical management and applications that will shape the future for these remarkable fishes in nature as well as their use as models for the study of biology.

Comparative Display Behavior in the Genus Sceloporus (Iguanidae)

Author : Charles Congden Carpenter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780893260323
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Display Behavior in the Genus Sceloporus (Iguanidae) by : Charles Congden Carpenter

Download or read book Comparative Display Behavior in the Genus Sceloporus (Iguanidae) written by Charles Congden Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 1978-01-01 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Insect Mouthparts

Author : Harald W. Krenn
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030296547
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Mouthparts by : Harald W. Krenn

Download or read book Insect Mouthparts written by Harald W. Krenn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book focusing on the form and function of insect mouthparts. Written by leading experts, it reviews the current knowledge on feeding types and the evolution of mouthparts and presents new research approaches. The richly illustrated articles cover topics ranging from functional morphology, biomechanics of biting and chewing, and the biophysics of fluid-feeding to the morphogenesis and genetics of mouthpart development, ecomorphology in flower-visiting insects as well as the evolution of mouthparts, including fossil records. Intended for entomologists and scientists interested in interdisciplinary approaches, the book provides a solid basis for future scientific work. Chapter 6 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Mate Choice

Author : Gil G. Rosenthal
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691150672
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Mate Choice by : Gil G. Rosenthal

Download or read book Mate Choice written by Gil G. Rosenthal and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major new look at the evolution of mating decisions in organisms from protozoans to humans The popular consensus on mate choice has long been that females select mates likely to pass good genes to offspring. In Mate Choice, Gil Rosenthal overturns much of this conventional wisdom. Providing the first synthesis of the topic in more than three decades, and drawing from a wide range of fields, including animal behavior, evolutionary biology, social psychology, neuroscience, and economics, Rosenthal argues that "good genes" play a relatively minor role in shaping mate choice decisions and demonstrates how mate choice is influenced by genetic factors, environmental effects, and social interactions. Looking at diverse organisms, from protozoans to humans, Rosenthal explores how factors beyond the hunt for good genes combine to produce an endless array of preferences among species and individuals. He explains how mating decisions originate from structural constraints on perception and from nonsexual functions, and how single organisms benefit or lose from their choices. Both the origin of species and their fusion through hybridization are strongly influenced by direct selection on preferences in sexual and nonsexual contexts. Rosenthal broadens the traditional scope of mate choice research to encompass not just animal behavior and behavioral ecology but also neurobiology, the social sciences, and other areas. Focusing on mate choice mechanisms, rather than the traits they target, Mate Choice offers a groundbreaking perspective on the proximate and ultimate forces determining the evolutionary fate of species and populations.

Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour

Author : David Evans Walter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400771649
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour by : David Evans Walter

Download or read book Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour written by David Evans Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 40,000 species of mites have been described, and up to 1 million may exist on earth. These tiny arachnids play many ecological roles including acting as vectors of disease, vital players in soil formation, and important agents of biological control. But despite the grand diversity of mites, even trained biologists are often unaware of their significance. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour (2nd edition) aims to fill the gaps in our understanding of these intriguing creatures. It surveys life cycles, feeding behaviour, reproductive biology and host-associations of mites without requiring prior knowledge of their morphology or taxonomy. Topics covered include evolution of mites and other arachnids, mites in soil and water, mites on plants and animals, sperm transfer and reproduction, mites and human disease, and mites as models for ecological and evolutionary theories.

Pheromones and Reproduction

Author : Yasuhiko Sagara
Publisher : Parthenon Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Pheromones and Reproduction by : Yasuhiko Sagara

Download or read book Pheromones and Reproduction written by Yasuhiko Sagara and published by Parthenon Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mating Systems and Strategies

Author : Stephen M. Shuster
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691206880
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Mating Systems and Strategies by : Stephen M. Shuster

Download or read book Mating Systems and Strategies written by Stephen M. Shuster and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first unified conceptual and statistical framework for understanding the evolution of reproductive strategies. Using the concept of the opportunity for sexual selection, the authors illustrate how and why sexual selection, though restricted to one sex and opposed in the other, is one of the strongest and fastest of all evolutionary forces. They offer a statistical framework for studying mating system evolution and apply it to patterns of alternative mating strategies. In doing so, they provide a method for quantifying how the strength of sexual selection is affected by the ecological and life history processes that influence females' spatial and temporal clustering and reproductive schedules. Directly challenging verbal evolutionary models that attempt to explain reproductive behavior without quantitative reference to evolutionary genetics, this book establishes a more solid theoretical foundation for the field. Among the weaknesses the authors find in the existing data is the apparent ubiquity of condition-dependent mating tactics. They identify factors likely to contribute to the evolution of alternative mating strategies--which they argue are more common than generally believed--and illustrate how to measure the strength of selection acting on them. Lastly, they offer predictions on the covariation of mating systems and strategies, consider the underlying developmental biology behind male polyphenism, and propose directions for future research. Informed by genetics, this is a comprehensive and rigorous new approach to explaining mating systems and strategies that will influence a wide swath of evolutionary biology.