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Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry And Albert Einsteins Special Theory Of Relativity Second Edition
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Book Synopsis Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry And Albert Einstein's Special Theory Of Relativity (Second Edition) by : Abraham Albert Ungar
Download or read book Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry And Albert Einstein's Special Theory Of Relativity (Second Edition) written by Abraham Albert Ungar and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a powerful way to study Einstein's special theory of relativity and its underlying hyperbolic geometry in which analogies with classical results form the right tool. The premise of analogy as a study strategy is to make the unfamiliar familiar. Accordingly, this book introduces the notion of vectors into analytic hyperbolic geometry, where they are called gyrovectors. Gyrovectors turn out to be equivalence classes that add according to the gyroparallelogram law just as vectors are equivalence classes that add according to the parallelogram law. In the gyrolanguage of this book, accordingly, one prefixes a gyro to a classical term to mean the analogous term in hyperbolic geometry. As an example, the relativistic gyrotrigonometry of Einstein's special relativity is developed and employed to the study of the stellar aberration phenomenon in astronomy.Furthermore, the book presents, for the first time, the relativistic center of mass of an isolated system of noninteracting particles that coincided at some initial time t = 0. It turns out that the invariant mass of the relativistic center of mass of an expanding system (like galaxies) exceeds the sum of the masses of its constituent particles. This excess of mass suggests a viable mechanism for the formation of dark matter in the universe, which has not been detected but is needed to gravitationally 'glue' each galaxy in the universe. The discovery of the relativistic center of mass in this book thus demonstrates once again the usefulness of the study of Einstein's special theory of relativity in terms of its underlying hyperbolic geometry.
Book Synopsis Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry and Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity by :
Download or read book Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry and Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry by : Abraham A Ungar
Download or read book Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry written by Abraham A Ungar and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-09-05 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ' This is the first book on analytic hyperbolic geometry, fully analogous to analytic Euclidean geometry. Analytic hyperbolic geometry regulates relativistic mechanics just as analytic Euclidean geometry regulates classical mechanics. The book presents a novel gyrovector space approach to analytic hyperbolic geometry, fully analogous to the well-known vector space approach to Euclidean geometry. A gyrovector is a hyperbolic vector. Gyrovectors are equivalence classes of directed gyrosegments that add according to the gyroparallelogram law just as vectors are equivalence classes of directed segments that add according to the parallelogram law. In the resulting “gyrolanguage” of the book one attaches the prefix “gyro” to a classical term to mean the analogous term in hyperbolic geometry. The prefix stems from Thomas gyration, which is the mathematical abstraction of the relativistic effect known as Thomas precession. Gyrolanguage turns out to be the language one needs to articulate novel analogies that the classical and the modern in this book share. The scope of analytic hyperbolic geometry that the book presents is cross-disciplinary, involving nonassociative algebra, geometry and physics. As such, it is naturally compatible with the special theory of relativity and, particularly, with the nonassociativity of Einstein velocity addition law. Along with analogies with classical results that the book emphasizes, there are remarkable disanalogies as well. Thus, for instance, unlike Euclidean triangles, the sides of a hyperbolic triangle are uniquely determined by its hyperbolic angles. Elegant formulas for calculating the hyperbolic side-lengths of a hyperbolic triangle in terms of its hyperbolic angles are presented in the book. The book begins with the definition of gyrogroups, which is fully analogous to the definition of groups. Gyrogroups, both gyrocommutative and non-gyrocommutative, abound in group theory. Surprisingly, the seemingly structureless Einstein velocity addition of special relativity turns out to be a gyrocommutative gyrogroup operation. Introducing scalar multiplication, some gyrocommutative gyrogroups of gyrovectors become gyrovector spaces. The latter, in turn, form the setting for analytic hyperbolic geometry just as vector spaces form the setting for analytic Euclidean geometry. By hybrid techniques of differential geometry and gyrovector spaces, it is shown that Einstein (Möbius) gyrovector spaces form the setting for Beltrami-Klein (Poincaré) ball models of hyperbolic geometry. Finally, novel applications of Möbius gyrovector spaces in quantum computation, and of Einstein gyrovector spaces in special relativity, are presented. Contents: GyrogroupsGyrocommutative GyrogroupsGyrogroup ExtensionGyrovectors and CogyrovectorsGyrovector SpacesRudiments of Differential GeometryGyrotrigonometryBloch Gyrovector of Quantum ComputationSpecial Theory of Relativity: The Analytic Hyperbolic Geometric Viewpoint Readership: Undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and academics in geometry, algebra, mathematical physics, theoretical physics and astronomy. Keywords:Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry;Gyrogroup;Gyrovector Space;Hyperbolic Geometry;Relativistic Mass;Special RelativityKey Features:Develops an elegant conversion formula from the hyperbolic triangle hyperbolic angles to its hyperbolic side lengthsIntroduces hyperbolic vectors, called “gyrovectors", and demonstrates that Einstein velocity addition is nothing but a gyrovector addition in a gyrovector space just as Newton velocity addition is a vector addition in a vector spaceShows that Einstein's relativistic mass meshes extraordinarily well with analytic hyperbolic geometry, where it captures remarkable analogies with Newton's classical mass and the analytic Euclidean geometry of the center of momentumReviews:“This new book by Ungar is very well-written, with plenty of references and explanatory pictures. Almost all chapters include exercises which ensure that the book will reach a large audience from undergraduate and graduate students to researchers and academics in different areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. In this book, the author sets out his improved gyrotheory, capturing the curiosity of the reader with discernment, elegance and simplicity.”Mathematical Reviews “This book under review provides an efficient algebraic formalism for studying the hyperbolic geometry of Bolyai and Lobachevsky, which underlies Einstein special relativity … It is of interest both to mathematicians, working in the field of geometry, and the physicists specialized in relativity or quantum computation theory … It is recommended to graduate students and researchers interested in the interrelations among non-associative algebra, hyperbolic and differential geometry, Einstein relativity theory and the quantum computation theory.”Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics “This book represents an exposition of the author's single-handed creation, over the past 17 years, of an algebraic language in which both hyperbolic geometry and special relativity find an aesthetically pleasing formulation, very much like Euclidean geometry and Newtonian mechanics find them in the language of vector spaces.”Zentralblatt MATH '
Book Synopsis Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry in N Dimensions by : Abraham Albert Ungar
Download or read book Analytic Hyperbolic Geometry in N Dimensions written by Abraham Albert Ungar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the Euclidean simplex is important in the study of n-dimensional Euclidean geometry. This book introduces for the first time the concept of hyperbolic simplex as an important concept in n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry. Following the emergence of his gyroalgebra in 1988, the author crafted gyrolanguage, the algebraic language that sheds natural light on hyperbolic geometry and special relativity. Several authors have successfully employed the author’s gyroalgebra in their exploration for novel results. Françoise Chatelin noted in her book, and elsewhere, that the computation language of Einstein described in this book plays a universal computational role, which extends far beyond the domain of special relativity. This book will encourage researchers to use the author’s novel techniques to formulate their own results. The book provides new mathematical tools, such as hyperbolic simplexes, for the study of hyperbolic geometry in n dimensions. It also presents a new look at Einstein’s special relativity theory.
Book Synopsis Hyperbolic Triangle Centers by : A.A. Ungar
Download or read book Hyperbolic Triangle Centers written by A.A. Ungar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After A. Ungar had introduced vector algebra and Cartesian coordinates into hyperbolic geometry in his earlier books, along with novel applications in Einstein’s special theory of relativity, the purpose of his new book is to introduce hyperbolic barycentric coordinates, another important concept to embed Euclidean geometry into hyperbolic geometry. It will be demonstrated that, in full analogy to classical mechanics where barycentric coordinates are related to the Newtonian mass, barycentric coordinates are related to the Einsteinian relativistic mass in hyperbolic geometry. Contrary to general belief, Einstein’s relativistic mass hence meshes up extraordinarily well with Minkowski’s four-vector formalism of special relativity. In Euclidean geometry, barycentric coordinates can be used to determine various triangle centers. While there are many known Euclidean triangle centers, only few hyperbolic triangle centers are known, and none of the known hyperbolic triangle centers has been determined analytically with respect to its hyperbolic triangle vertices. In his recent research, the author set the ground for investigating hyperbolic triangle centers via hyperbolic barycentric coordinates, and one of the purposes of this book is to initiate a study of hyperbolic triangle centers in full analogy with the rich study of Euclidean triangle centers. Owing to its novelty, the book is aimed at a large audience: it can be enjoyed equally by upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and academics in geometry, abstract algebra, theoretical physics and astronomy. For a fruitful reading of this book, familiarity with Euclidean geometry is assumed. Mathematical-physicists and theoretical physicists are likely to enjoy the study of Einstein’s special relativity in terms of its underlying hyperbolic geometry. Geometers may enjoy the hunt for new hyperbolic triangle centers and, finally, astronomers may use hyperbolic barycentric coordinates in the velocity space of cosmology.
Book Synopsis Special & General Relativity (Concise Edition) by : Albert Einstein
Download or read book Special & General Relativity (Concise Edition) written by Albert Einstein and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein's pioneering work helped shape the cultural landscape of the world today. Now in a digestible, pocket format for the modern reader. A new, popular edition with a clear introduction, Special & General Relativity by Albert Einstein contains his core paper, 'Relativity, The Special & The General Theory: A Popular Exposition', which established his reputation as one of the greatest thinkers of our (and perhaps any) age. Also included are two of the Princeton University lectures he gave to explain his findings in more detail, on 'The Meaning of Relativity', as well as the early paper which led to his famous equation E = mc2. The FLAME TREE Foundations series features core publications which together have shaped the cultural landscape of the modern world, with cutting-edge research distilled into pocket guides designed to be both accessible and informative.
Book Synopsis The Geometry of Special Relativity by : Tevian Dray
Download or read book The Geometry of Special Relativity written by Tevian Dray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Geometry of Special Relativity provides an introduction to special relativity that encourages readers to see beyond the formulas to the deeper geometric structure. The text treats the geometry of hyperbolas as the key to understanding special relativity. This approach replaces the ubiquitous γ symbol of most standard treatments with the appropriate hyperbolic trigonometric functions. In most cases, this not only simplifies the appearance of the formulas, but also emphasizes their geometric content in such a way as to make them almost obvious. Furthermore, many important relations, including the famous relativistic addition formula for velocities, follow directly from the appropriate trigonometric addition formulas. The book first describes the basic physics of special relativity to set the stage for the geometric treatment that follows. It then reviews properties of ordinary two-dimensional Euclidean space, expressed in terms of the usual circular trigonometric functions, before presenting a similar treatment of two-dimensional Minkowski space, expressed in terms of hyperbolic trigonometric functions. After covering special relativity again from the geometric point of view, the text discusses standard paradoxes, applications to relativistic mechanics, the relativistic unification of electricity and magnetism, and further steps leading to Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The book also briefly describes the further steps leading to Einstein’s general theory of relativity and then explores applications of hyperbola geometry to non-Euclidean geometry and calculus, including a geometric construction of the derivatives of trigonometric functions and the exponential function.
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by Signature Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prize-winning scientist's presentation of his landmark theory According to Einstein himself, this book is intended to give an exact insight into the theory of Relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics. When he wrote the book in 1916, Einstein's name was scarcely known outside the physics institutes. Having just completed his masterpiece, The General Theory of Relativity -- which provided a brand-new theory of gravity and promised a new perspective on the cosmos as a whole -- he set out at once to share his excitement with as wide a public as possible in this popular and accessible book.
Book Synopsis Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation by : James Malcolm Bird
Download or read book Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation written by James Malcolm Bird and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein's theory of relativity confounded and excited both professional and amateur scientists with its explanation of the intricacies of how the world and the universe truly work, rather than how people wished or believed they worked. His view of relativity dismantled Newton's theory of space and time as absolutes, adding the concept of curved space-time, which deals with the velocity of motion. Einstein explains his theory of physics in a way that was designed not only for scientists with a knowledge of the complicated math involved but for the general reader as well.
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How better to learn the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity than directly from their creator, Albert Einstein himself? In Relativity: The Special and the General Theory, Einstein describes the theories that made him famous, illuminating his case with numerous examples and a smattering of math (nothing more complex than high-school algebra). Einstein's book is not casual reading, but for those who appreciate his work without diving into the arcana of theoretical physics, Relativity will prove a stimulating read. "The present book is intended," Einstein wrote in 1916, "as far as possible, to give an exact insight into the theory of Relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics."
Book Synopsis Sidelights on Relativity (Illustrated Edition) by : Albert Einstein
Download or read book Sidelights on Relativity (Illustrated Edition) written by Albert Einstein and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two unabridged addresses summarizing aspects of Einstein’s Special and General Theories of Relativity comprise this succinct volume. The first, Ether and Relativity, was delivered in 1920 and examines the properties demanded of the ether of space by the theory of relativity. Geometry and Experience, delivered the following year, describes the limits within which the Euclidean system can be held to be approximately true in relation to the concept of a finite universe. Written clearly and concisely, these lectures are a fascinating read for both scientist and layman. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
Book Synopsis Geometry of Minkowski Space-Time by : Francesco Catoni
Download or read book Geometry of Minkowski Space-Time written by Francesco Catoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-07 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an original introduction to the geometry of Minkowski space-time. A hundred years after the space-time formulation of special relativity by Hermann Minkowski, it is shown that the kinematical consequences of special relativity are merely a manifestation of space-time geometry. The book is written with the intention of providing students (and teachers) of the first years of University courses with a tool which is easy to be applied and allows the solution of any problem of relativistic kinematics at the same time. The book treats in a rigorous way, but using a non-sophisticated mathematics, the Kinematics of Special Relativity. As an example, the famous "Twin Paradox" is completely solved for all kinds of motions. The novelty of the presentation in this book consists in the extensive use of hyperbolic numbers, the simplest extension of complex numbers, for a complete formalization of the kinematics in the Minkowski space-time. Moreover, from this formalization the understanding of gravity comes as a manifestation of curvature of space-time, suggesting new research fields.
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by Henry Holt. This book was released on 1920 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by . This book was released on 2010-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2010 Reprint of 1920 First English Edition. First English translation of Einstein's theory of relativity. In this work Einstein intended, as far as possible, to give an exact insight into the theory of Relativity to those readers who, from a general and scientific philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics. The theory of relativity enriched physics and astronomy during the 20th century. When first published, relativity superseded a 200-year-old theory of mechanics elucidated by Isaac Newton. It changed perceptions. For example, it overturned the concept of motion from Newton's day, into all motion is relative. Time was no longer uniform and absolute, as related to everyday experience. Furthermore, no longer could physics be understood as space by itself, and time by itself. Instead, an added dimension had to be taken into account with curved space-time. Time now depended on velocity, and contraction became a fundamental consequence at appropriate speeds.
Book Synopsis The Meaning of Relativity by : Albert Einstein
Download or read book The Meaning of Relativity written by Albert Einstein and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1921, five years after the appearance of his comprehensive paper on general relativity and twelve years before he left Europe permanently to join the Institute for Advanced Study, Albert Einstein visited Princeton University, where he delivered the Stafford Little Lectures for that year. These four lectures constituted an overview of his then-controversial theory of relativity. Princeton University Press made the lectures available under the title The Meaning of Relativity, the first book by Einstein to be produced by an American publisher. As subsequent editions were brought out by the Press, Einstein included new material amplifying the theory. A revised version of the appendix "Relativistic Theory of the Non-Symmetric Field," added to the posthumous edition of 1956, was Einstein's last scientific paper.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Einstein Addition Law and its Gyroscopic Thomas Precession by : Abraham A. Ungar
Download or read book Beyond the Einstein Addition Law and its Gyroscopic Thomas Precession written by Abraham A. Ungar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I cannot define coincidence [in mathematics]. But 1 shall argue that coincidence can always be elevated or organized into a superstructure which perfonns a unification along the coincidental elements. The existence of a coincidence is strong evidence for the existence of a covering theory. " -Philip 1. Davis [Dav81] Alluding to the Thomas gyration, this book presents the Theory of gy rogroups and gyrovector spaces, taking the reader to the immensity of hyper bolic geometry that lies beyond the Einstein special theory of relativity. Soon after its introduction by Einstein in 1905 [Ein05], special relativity theory (as named by Einstein ten years later) became overshadowed by the ap pearance of general relativity. Subsequently, the exposition of special relativity followed the lines laid down by Minkowski, in which the role of hyperbolic ge ometry is not emphasized. This can doubtlessly be explained by the strangeness and unfamiliarity of hyperbolic geometry [Bar98]. The aim of this book is to reverse the trend of neglecting the role of hy perbolic geometry in the special theory of relativity, initiated by Minkowski, by emphasizing the central role that hyperbolic geometry plays in the theory.
