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Analysis Of Cause And Mechanism For Injection Induced Seismicityat The Geysers Geothermal Field California
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Cause and Mechanism for Injection-induced Seismicityat the Geysers Geothermal Field, California by :
Download or read book Analysis of Cause and Mechanism for Injection-induced Seismicityat the Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed relative contributions to the cause andmechanism of injection-induced seismicity at The Geysers geothermalfield, California, using coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanicalmodeling. Our analysis shows that the most important cause forinjection-induced seismicity is injection-induced cooling and associatedthermal-elastic shrinkage that changes the stress state in such a waythat mechanical failure and seismicity can be induced. Specifically, thecooling shrinkage results in unloading and associated loss of shearstrength in critically shear-stressed fractures, which are thenreactivated. Thus, our analysis shows that cooling-induced shear slipalong fractures is the dominant mechanism of injection-induced seismicityat The Geysers.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Injection-Induced Micro-Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysers Geothermal Field, California by :
Download or read book Analysis of Injection-Induced Micro-Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study we analyze relative contributions to the cause and mechanism of injection-induced micro-earthquakes (MEQs) at The Geysers geothermal field, California. We estimated the potential for inducing seismicity by coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical analysis of the geothermal steam production and cold water injection to calculate changes in stress (in time and space) and investigated if those changes could induce a rock mechanical failure and associated MEQs. An important aspect of the analysis is the concept of a rock mass that is critically stressed for shear failure. This means that shear stress in the region is near the rock-mass frictional strength, and therefore very small perturbations of the stress field can trigger an MEQ. Our analysis shows that the most important cause for injection-induced MEQs at The Geysers is cooling and associated thermal-elastic shrinkage of the rock around the injected fluid that changes the stress state in such a way that mechanical failure and seismicity can be induced. Specifically, the cooling shrinkage results in unloading and associated loss of shear strength in critically shear-stressed fractures, which are then reactivated. Thus, our analysis shows that cooling-induced shear slip along fractures is the dominant mechanism of injection-induced MEQs at The Geysers.
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Book Synopsis Statistical Studies of Induced and Triggered Seismicity at The Geysers, California by : Angela Hawkins
Download or read book Statistical Studies of Induced and Triggered Seismicity at The Geysers, California written by Angela Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the statistics of induced and triggered seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field, California. Little seismicity was reported before steam extraction began in 1960. In 1980 the residual water associated with power generation was re-injected, producing induced seismicity. Beginning in 1997 large-scale injections of cold water began in order to enhance the generation of steam. This led to an increase in M 1.2 earthquakes from approximately five per month to twenty. The induced seismicity satisfies Gutenberg- Richter (GR) scaling to a good approximation with b [approximately equal to] 1.3. This study demonstrates that aftershocks of the larger induced earthquakes also satisfy GR scaling as well as Omori's law for their time dependence. Statistics of triggered seismicity at The Geysers are also presented. The 8/24/14 M[subscript]w = 6.02 South Napa earthquake triggered a M [approximately equal to] 4.38 event as well as some 80 other M 1.25 events. The GR and decay statistics will be given. However, in order to separate second-order aftershocks from triggered aftershocks, an additional triggered sequence is studied. The M = 7.2 4/4/10 Baja earthquake had some 34 M >1.25 triggered events in the first hour including a M = 3.37 event.
Book Synopsis Seismic Monitoring at the Geysers Geothermal Field, California by : Geological Survey (U.S.)
Download or read book Seismic Monitoring at the Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity and Environmental Change at The Geysers Geothermal Area in California by : Rashmin C. Gunasekera
Download or read book Induced Seismicity and Environmental Change at The Geysers Geothermal Area in California written by Rashmin C. Gunasekera and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Book Synopsis Karl Kiesewetter (1854-1895) Nachlass: Alchymica VI: Sextus Sapientiae. Liber verus ac genuinus - BSB Kiesewetteriana 1 d by :
Download or read book Karl Kiesewetter (1854-1895) Nachlass: Alchymica VI: Sextus Sapientiae. Liber verus ac genuinus - BSB Kiesewetteriana 1 d written by and published by . This book was released on 1777 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microseismicity : a tool for reservoir characterization by : S. A. Shapiro
Download or read book Microseismicity : a tool for reservoir characterization written by S. A. Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Velocity Structure and Microearthquake Source Properties at The Geysers, California, Geothermal Area by : Daniel Robert O'Connell
Download or read book Seismic Velocity Structure and Microearthquake Source Properties at The Geysers, California, Geothermal Area written by Daniel Robert O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monograph on the Geysers Geothermal Field by : Claudia Stone
Download or read book Monograph on the Geysers Geothermal Field written by Claudia Stone and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Monitoring at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California by :
Download or read book Seismic Monitoring at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two distinct clusters of microearthquakes have been identified at The Geysers, possibly relating to two independent pressure sinks resulting from steam production described by Lipman, and others (1977). Unlike earthquakes in the Maacama-Rodgers Creek fault zone to the south and west, earthquakes at The Geysers are confined to depths of less than 5 km. The present level of seismicity at The Geysers appears to be higher than the preproduction level and is higher and more continuous than the seismicity in the surrounding region. Earthquakes in the steam production zone at The Geysers resemble earthquakes in the surrounding region with regard to focal plane solutions, source characteristics and magnitude distribution (b slope). Subtle differences in earthquake characteristics may be resolved by analysis of more extensive data now being gathered in the region.
Book Synopsis Earthquake Hazard Associated with Deep Well Injection by : Craig Nicholson
Download or read book Earthquake Hazard Associated with Deep Well Injection written by Craig Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under certain circumstances, the increased pore pressure resulting from fluid injection, whether for waste disposal, secondary recovery, geothermal energy, or solution mining, can trigger earthquakes. This report discusses known cases of injection-induced seismicity and how and why earthquakes may be triggered, as well as conditions under which the triggering is most likely to occur. Criteria are established to assist in regulating well operations so as to minimize the seismic hazard associated with deep well fluid injection.
Book Synopsis Integrated High Resolution Microearthquake Analysis and Monitoring for Optimizing Steam Production at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California by : Bill Smith
Download or read book Integrated High Resolution Microearthquake Analysis and Monitoring for Optimizing Steam Production at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by Bill Smith and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December of 2003 a large amount of water from the Santa Rosa wastewater project began being pumped to The Geysers for injection. Millions of dollars are being spent on this injection project in the anticipation that the additional fluid will not only extend the life of The Geysers but also greatly increase the net amount of energy extracted. Optimal use of the injected water, however, will require that the water be injected at the right place, in the right amount and at the proper rate. It has been shown that Microearthquake (MEQ) generation is a direct indicator of the effect of fluid injection at The Geysers (Majer and McEvilly 1979; Eberhart-Phillips and Oppenheimer 1984; Enedy et al. 1992; Stark 1992; Kirkpatrick et al. 1999; Smith et al. 2000). It is one of the few, if not only methods, practical to monitor the volumetric effect of water injection at The Geysers. At the beginning of this project there was not a detailed MEQ response, Geysers-wide, to a large influx of water such as will be the case from the Santa Rosa injection project. New technology in MEQ acquisition and analysis, while used in parts of The Geysers for short periods of time had not been applied reservoir-wide to obtain an integrated analysis of the reservoir. Also needed was a detailed correlation with the production and injection data on a site wide basis. Last but not least, needed was an assurance to the community that the induced seismicity is documented and understood such that if necessary, mitigation actions can be undertaken in a timely manner. This project was necessary not only for optimizing the heat recovery from the resource, but for assuring the community that there is no hazard associated with the increased injection activities. Therefore, the primary purpose of this project was to develop and apply high-resolution micro earthquake methodology for the entire Geysers geothermal field such that at the end of this project a monitoring and process definition methodology will be available to: (1) Optimize the economic development of The Geysers (as well as other areas) by providing improved information on fluid flow and reservoir dynamics. (2) Aid in the mitigation of environmental impacts of increased fluid injection by improving the understanding between fluid injection and seismicity. (3) Provide a cost-effective blueprint such that the technology can be applied on a routine basis in the future.
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity. Final Report by :
Download or read book Induced Seismicity. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project has been to develop a fundamental understanding of seismicity associated with energy production. Earthquakes are known to be associated with oil, gas, and geothermal energy production. The intent is to develop physical models that predict when seismicity is likely to occur, and to determine to what extent these earthquakes can be used to infer conditions within energy reservoirs. Early work focused on earthquakes induced by oil and gas extraction. Just completed research has addressed earthquakes within geothermal fields, such as The Geysers in northern California, as well as the interactions of dilatancy, friction, and shear heating, on the generation of earthquakes. The former has involved modeling thermo- and poro-elastic effects of geothermal production and water injection. Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are used to measure deformation associated with geothermal activity, and these measurements along with seismic data are used to test and constrain thermo-mechanical models.
Book Synopsis Towards the Understanding of Induced Seismicity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems by :
Download or read book Towards the Understanding of Induced Seismicity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This DOE funded project was a collaborative effort between Array Information Technology (AIT), the University of California at Berkeley (UCB), the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It was also part of the European research project "GEISER", an international collaboration with 11 European partners from six countries including universities, research centers and industry, with the goal to address and mitigate the problems associated with induced seismicity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The goal of the current project was to develop a combination of techniques, which evaluate the relationship between enhanced geothermal operations and the induced stress changes and associated earthquakes throughout the reservoir and the surrounding country rock. The project addressed the following questions: how enhanced geothermal activity changes the local and regional stress field; whether these activities can induce medium sized seismicity M> 3; (if so) how these events are correlated to geothermal activity in space and time; what is the largest possible event and strongest ground motion, and hence the potential hazard associated with these activities. The development of appropriate technology to thoroughly investigate and address these questions required a number of datasets to provide the different physical measurements distributed in space and time. Because such a dataset did not yet exist for an EGS system in the United State, we used current and past data from The Geysers geothermal field in northern California, which has been in operation since the 1960s. The research addressed the need to understand the causal mechanisms of induced seismicity, and demonstrated the advantage of imaging the physical properties and temporal changes of the reservoir. The work helped to model the relationship between injection and production and medium sized magnitude events that have jeopardized, and in some cases suspended, the generation of energy from EGS systems worldwide.
