Analogies And Theories

Download Analogies And Theories full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Analogies And Theories ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Analogies and Theories

Author : Itzhak Gilboa
Publisher : Oxford University Press (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0198738021
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analogies and Theories by : Itzhak Gilboa

Download or read book Analogies and Theories written by Itzhak Gilboa and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the way economic agents reason about uncertainty. It is thus at the foundations of economic theory, touching upon general issues that are common also to statistics, philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Two modes of reasoning are at the heart of the discussion: reasoning by general rules, or theories, and reasoning by analogies to specific cases. The book offers mathematical models of each type of reasoning, and a unifiedmodel that captures both, in a way that allows a formal analysis of modes of reasoning and their evolution.

Analogies and Theories

Author : Itzhak Gilboa
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191057886
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analogies and Theories by : Itzhak Gilboa

Download or read book Analogies and Theories written by Itzhak Gilboa and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes formal models of reasoning that are aimed at capturing the way that economic agents, and decision makers in general think about their environment and make predictions based on their past experience. The focus is on analogies (case-based reasoning) and general theories (rule-based reasoning), and on the interaction between them, as well as between them and Bayesian reasoning. A unified approach allows one to study the dynamics of inductive reasoning in terms of the mode of reasoning that is used to generate predictions.

Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy

Author : Cameron Shelley
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027296588
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy by : Cameron Shelley

Download or read book Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy written by Cameron Shelley and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-07-17 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In Multiple analogies in science and philosophy, Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's Republic, Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation, and the role of analogy in science and philosophy. This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.

By Parallel Reasoning

Author : Paul Bartha
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199717052
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis By Parallel Reasoning by : Paul Bartha

Download or read book By Parallel Reasoning written by Paul Bartha and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In By Parallel Reasoning Paul Bartha proposes a normative theory of analogical arguments and raises questions and proposes answers regarding (i.) criteria for evaluating analogical arguments, (ii.) the philosophical justification for analogical reasoning, and (iii.) the place of scientific analogies in the context of theoretical confirmation.

The Analogical Mind

Author : Dedre Gentner
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262571395
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (713 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Analogical Mind by : Dedre Gentner

Download or read book The Analogical Mind written by Dedre Gentner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-03-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition. This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. Its contributors represent cognitive, developmental, and comparative psychology; neuroscience; artificial intelligence; linguistics; and philosophy. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes computational models of analogy as well as their relation to computational models of other cognitive processes. The second part addresses the role of analogy in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as forming complex cognitive structures, conveying emotion, making decisions, and solving problems. The third part looks at the development of analogy in children and the possible use of analogy in nonhuman primates. Contributors Miriam Bassok, Consuelo B. Boronat, Brian Bowdle, Fintan Costello, Kevin Dunbar, Gilles Fauconnier, Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner, Usha Goswami, Brett Gray, Graeme S. Halford, Douglas Hofstadter, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Mark T. Keane, Boicho N. Kokinov, Arthur B. Markman, C. Page Moreau, David L. Oden, Alexander A. Petrov, Steven Phillips, David Premack, Cameron Shelley, Paul Thagard, Roger K.R. Thompson, William H. Wilson, Phillip Wolff

Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy

Author : Henrique Jales Ribeiro
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319063340
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy by : Henrique Jales Ribeiro

Download or read book Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy written by Henrique Jales Ribeiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume assembles a relevant set of studies of argument by analogy, which address this topic in a systematic fashion, either from an essentially theoretical perspective or from the perspective of it being applied to different fields like politics, linguistics, literature, law, medicine, science in general and philosophy. All result from original research conducted by their authors for this publication. Thus, broadly speaking, this is an exception which we find worthy of occupying a special place in the sphere of the bibliography on the argument by analogy. In effect, most of the contexts of the publications on this topic focus on specific areas, for example everyday discourse, science or law theory, while underestimating or sometimes even ignoring other interdisciplinary scopes, as is the case of literature, medicine or philosophy. The idiosyncrasy of this volume is that the reader and the researcher may follow the development of different theoretical outlooks on argument by analogy, while measuring the scope of its (greater or lesser) application to the aforementioned areas as a whole.

Metaphors & Analogies

Author : Rick Wormeli
Publisher : Stenhouse Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1571107584
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (711 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metaphors & Analogies by : Rick Wormeli

Download or read book Metaphors & Analogies written by Rick Wormeli and published by Stenhouse Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphors show students how to make connections between the concrete and the abstract, prior knowledge and unfamiliar concepts, and language and image. But teachers must learn how to use metaphors and analogies strategically and for specific purposes, helping students discover and deconstruct effective comparisons. Metaphors & Analogies is filled with provocative illustrations of metaphors in action and practical tips.

Analogies Between Analogies

Author : S. M. Ulam
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520322924
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analogies Between Analogies by : S. M. Ulam

Download or read book Analogies Between Analogies written by S. M. Ulam and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During his forty-year association with the Los Alamos National Laboratory, mathematician Stanislaw Ulam wrote many Laboratory Reports, usually in collaboration with colleagues. Some of them remain classified to this day. The rest are gathered in this volume and for the first time are easily accesible to mathematicians, physical scientists, and historians. The timeliness of these papers is remarkable. They contain seminal ideas in such fields as nonlinear stochastic processes, parallel computation, cellular automata, and mathematical biology. The collection is of historical interest as well, During and after World War II, the complexity of problems at the frontiers of science surpassed any technology that had ever existed. Electronic computing machines had to be developed and new computing methods had to be invented based on the most abstract ideas from the foundations of mathematics and theoretical physics. To these problems and others in physics, astronomy, and biology, Ulam was able to bring both general insights and specific conceptual contributions. His fertile ideas were far ahead of their time, and ranged over many branches of science. In fact, his mathematical versatility fulfilled the statement of his friend and mentor, the great Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who claimed that the very best mathematicians see "analogies between analogies." Introduced by A. R. Bednarek and Francoise Ulam, these Los Alamos reports represent a unique view of one of the twentieth century's intellectual masters and scientific pioneers. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.

Models and Analogies in Science

Author : Mary B. Hesse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Models and Analogies in Science by : Mary B. Hesse

Download or read book Models and Analogies in Science written by Mary B. Hesse and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metaphors of Genre

Author : David Fishelov
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271038810
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metaphors of Genre by : David Fishelov

Download or read book Metaphors of Genre written by David Fishelov and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education

Author : Peter J. Aubusson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402038297
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education by : Peter J. Aubusson

Download or read book Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education written by Peter J. Aubusson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together powerful ideas and new developments from internationally recognised scholars and classroom practitioners to provide theoretical and practical knowledge to inform progress in science education. This is achieved through a series of related chapters reporting research on analogy and metaphor in science education. Throughout the book, contributors not only highlight successful applications of analogies and metaphors, but also foreshadow exciting developments for research and practice. Themes include metaphor and analogy: best practice, as reasoning; for learning; applications in teacher development; in science education research; philosophical and theoretical foundations. Accordingly, the book is likely to appeal to a wide audience of science educators –classroom practitioners, student teachers, teacher educators and researchers.

The Role of Analogy, Model, and Metaphor in Science

Author : W. H. Leatherdale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Role of Analogy, Model, and Metaphor in Science by : W. H. Leatherdale

Download or read book The Role of Analogy, Model, and Metaphor in Science written by W. H. Leatherdale and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analogies in Physics and Life

Author : Richard M. Weiner
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812790829
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analogies in Physics and Life by : Richard M. Weiner

Download or read book Analogies in Physics and Life written by Richard M. Weiner and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncommutative geometry is a novel approach which is opening up new possibilities for geometry from a mathematical viewpoint. It is also providing new tools for the investigation of quantum space-time in physics. Recent developments in string theory have supported the idea of quantum spaces, and have strongly stimulated the research in this field. This self-contained volume contains survey lectures and research articles which address these issues and related topics. The book is accessible to both researchers and graduate students beginning to study this subject.

Analogical Reasoning

Author : D.H. Helman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401578117
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analogical Reasoning by : D.H. Helman

Download or read book Analogical Reasoning written by D.H. Helman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.

Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students

Author : John Clement
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402067127
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students by : John Clement

Download or read book Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students written by John Clement and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do scientists use analogies and other processes to break away from old theories and generate new ones? This book documents such methods through the analysis of video tapes of scientifically trained experts thinking aloud while working on unfamiliar problems. Some aspects of creative scientific thinking are difficult to explain, such as the power of analogies, and the enigmatic ability to learn from thought experiments. This book is a window on that world.

Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education

Author : Peter J. Aubusson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402038305
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education by : Peter J. Aubusson

Download or read book Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education written by Peter J. Aubusson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Years ago a primary teacher told me about a great series of lessons she had just had. The class had visited rock pools on the seashore, and when she asked them about their observations they talked about: it was like a factory, it was like a church, it was like a garden, it was like our kitchen at breakfast time, etc. Each student’s analogy could be elaborated, and these analogies provided her with strongly engaged students and a great platform from which to develop their learning about biological diversity and interdependence. In everyday life we learn so many things by comparing and contrasting. The use of analogies and metaphors is important in science itself and their use in teaching science seems a natural extension, but textbooks with their own sparse logic, do not help teachers or students. David Ausubel in the 1960s had advocated the use of ‘advance organisers’ to introduce the teaching of conceptual material in the sciences, and some of these had an analogical character. However, research on the value of this idea was cumbersome and indecisive, and it ceased after just a few studies. In the 1980s research into children’s conceptions of scientific phenomena and concepts really burgeoned, and it was soon followed by an exploration of a new set of pedagogical strategies that recognised a student in a science class is much more than a tabula rasa.

The Subtlety of Sameness

Author : Robert Matthew French
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262061803
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Subtlety of Sameness by : Robert Matthew French

Download or read book The Subtlety of Sameness written by Robert Matthew French and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in this book is based on the premise that human analogy-making is an extension of our constant background process of perceiving--in other words, that analogy-making and the perception of sameness are two sides of the same coin. Foreword by Daniel Dennett While it is fashionable today to dismiss the "bad old days" of artificial intelligence and rave about emergent self-organizing systems, Robert French has created a model of human analogy-making that attempts to bridge the gap between classical top-down AI and more recent bottom-up approaches. The research described in this book is based on the premise that human analogy-making is an extension of our constant background process of perceiving--in other words, that analogy-making and the perception of sameness are two sides of the same coin. At the heart of the author's theory and computer model of analogy-making is the idea that the building-up and the manipulation of representations are inseparable aspects of mental functioning, in contrast to traditional AI models of high-level cognitive processes, which have almost always depended on a clean separation. A computer program called Tabletop forms analogies in a microdomain consisting of everyday objects on a table set for a meal. The theory and the program rely on the idea that myriad stochastic choices made on the microlevel can add up to statistical robustness on a macrolevel. To illustrate this, French includes the results of thousands of runs of his program on several dozen interrelated analogy problems in the Tabletop microworld. French's work is exciting not only because it reveals analogy-making to be an extension of our complex and subtle ability to perceive sameness but also because it offers a computational model of mechanisms underlying these processes. This model makes significant strides in putting into practice microlevel stochastic processing, distributed processing, simulated parallelism, and the integration of representation-building and representation-processing. A Bradford Book