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An Investigation Of Local Adaptation In The Model Plant Species Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Local Adaptation in the Model Plant Species Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Nicola Krystyna Perera
Download or read book An Investigation of Local Adaptation in the Model Plant Species Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Nicola Krystyna Perera and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Genomics by : Christian R. Landry
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Book Synopsis The Causes of Molecular Evolution by : John H. Gillespie
Download or read book The Causes of Molecular Evolution written by John H. Gillespie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-05-26 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a unified theory that addresses the important problem of the origin and maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. With modern molecular techniques, variation is found in all species, sometimes at astonishingly high levels. Yet, despite these observations, the forces that maintain variation within and between species have been difficult subjects of study. Because they act very weakly and operate over vast time scales, scientists must rely on indirect inferences and speculative mathematical models. However, despite these obstacles, many advances have been made. The author's research in molecular genetics, evolution, and bio-mathematics has enabled him to draw on this work, and present a coherent and valuable view of the field. The book is divided into three parts. The first consists of three chapters on protein evolution, DNA evolution, and molecular mechanisms. This section reviews the experimental observations on genetic variation. The second part gives a unified treatment of the mathematical theory of selection in a fluctuating environment. The final two chapters combine the earlier assessments in a treatment of the scientific status of two competing theories for the maintenance of genetic variation. Steeped in the enormous advances population genetics has made over the past 25 years, this book has proven highly popular among human geneticists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and bio-mathematicians.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Ilkka Kronholm
Download or read book Genetics of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Ilkka Kronholm and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Gene Ontology Handbook by : Christophe Dessimoz
Download or read book The Gene Ontology Handbook written by Christophe Dessimoz and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical and self-contained overview of the Gene Ontology (GO), the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products across genomic resources. Written for biologists and bioinformaticians, it covers the state-of-the-art of how GO annotations are made, how they are evaluated, and what sort of analyses can and cannot be done with the GO. In the spirit of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series, there is an emphasis throughout the chapters on providing practical guidance and troubleshooting advice. Authoritative and accessible, The Gene Ontology Handbook serves non-experts as well as seasoned GO users as a thorough guide to this powerful knowledge system. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation by : Roosa Laitinen
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation written by Roosa Laitinen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are forced to adapt for a variety of reasons— protection, reproductive viability, and environmental and climatic changes. Computational tools and molecular advances have provided researchers with significant new insights into the molecular basis of plant adaptation. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation provides a comprehensive overview of a wide variety of these different mechanisms underlying adaptation to these challenges to plant survival. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation opens with a chapter that explores the latest technological advances used in plant adaptation research, providing readers with an overview of high-throughput technologies and their applications. The chapters that follow cover the latest developments on using natural variation to dissect genetic, epigenetic and metabolic responses of plant adaptation. Subsequent chapters describe plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors and adaptive reproductive strategies. Emerging topics such as secondary metabolism, small RNA mediated regulation as well as cell type specific responses to stresses are given special precedence. The book ends with chapters introducing computational approaches to study adaptation and focusing on how to apply laboratory findings to field studies and breeding programs. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation interest plant molecular biologists and physiologists, plant stress biologists, plant geneticists and advanced plant biology students.
Book Synopsis Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Adriano Sofo
Download or read book Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Adriano Sofo and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are sessile organisms and their only alternative to a rapidly changing environment is a fast adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. Among the several known species of flowering plants, Arabidopsis thaliana is the only plant that has been most thoroughly studied. This angiosperm with dicotyledonous seeds belonging to the family Brassicaceae was known to botanists for at least four centuries and has been used since then for experimental studies for about half a century, until it was Fried rich Laibach who had outlined the advantages of using it in genetic experiments and had also suggested that it could be used as a plant model system in 1943. Its unique features favors genetic experiments, which include its small size, a rapid generation time, the ability to grow well under controlled conditions, high fecundity if up to 10,000 seeds per plant. Like the peas that Mendel studied, it reproduces mainly by self-fertilization. Arabidopsis is considered a model plant for many studies as its genomic sequence was completely identified and its mechanisms in genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic regulation are often similar to other plant species. The aim of this book is to give an up-to-date overview on the recent breakthroughs in the area of responses and adaptations of Arabidopsis, particularly those regarding its cultivation, life cycle and functional genomics. The chapters are focused on the most exciting and innovative researches on this species, involving authors with strong research experience. The present volume would definitely be an ideal source of scientific information to the advanced students, junior researchers, faculty and scientists involved in the ecology, agriculture, environmental microbiology, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology and other areas involving Arabidopsis studies and plant sciences in general.
Book Synopsis Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management by : J. Andrew DeWoody
Download or read book Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management written by J. Andrew DeWoody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have been embraced by many in natural resource conservation. Today, several major conservation and management journals are now using 'genetics' editors to deal solely with the influx of manuscripts that employ molecular data. The editors have attempted to synthesize some of the major uses of molecular markers in natural resource management in a book targeted not only at scientists but also at individuals actively making conservation and management decisions. To that end, the text features contributors who are major figures in molecular ecology and evolution - many having published books of their own. The aim is to direct and distil the thoughts of these outstanding scientists by compiling compelling case histories in molecular ecology as they apply to natural resource management.
Book Synopsis Local Adaptation and Its Genetic Basis in Arabidopsis Lyrata by : Päivi Leinonen
Download or read book Local Adaptation and Its Genetic Basis in Arabidopsis Lyrata written by Päivi Leinonen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Local adaptation is important evolutionary process leading to adaptive population differentiation. Currently, examining its genetic basis is a major goal of evolutionary and ecological genetics. In my thesis I studied local adaptation and its genetic basis in populations of a perennial outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis lyrata by combining common garden experiments at the native field sites and in controlled conditions with quantitative trait locus mapping. Estimates of fitness in the field both at the level of multiple components as well as hierarchical total fitness showed that populations of A. lyrata were locally adapted. The studied populations were also phenotypically differentiated in ecologically relevant traits. Different components of fitness were important for the advantage of the locals depending on the environment. Local alleles were associated with high fitness in the field, suggesting that differing directional selection pressures have been involved in phenotypic differentiation. Mostly different genomic regions governed local adaptation in different environments, but the results also suggested that some of these regions could involve rarely documented fitness tradeoffs (antagonistic pleiotropy). Loci governing flowering time differentiation differed between the studied environments, highlighting the need to conduct experiments both in the wild and in controlled conditions. In contrast to most existing studies, F2 hybrids in general had surprisingly high fitness at one study site, largely due to beneficial dominance effects at loci governing survival in that environment. In addition to nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genomes also were found to have a role in local adaptation"--Abstract page.
Book Synopsis The Role of Local Adaptation in Natural Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Alison Elisabeth Anastasio
Download or read book The Role of Local Adaptation in Natural Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Alison Elisabeth Anastasio and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genome Evolution and the Genetics of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana and Arabidopsis Lyrata by : Leah J. DeRose-Wilson
Download or read book Genome Evolution and the Genetics of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana and Arabidopsis Lyrata written by Leah J. DeRose-Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been remarkably little study of nucleotide substitution rate variation among plant nuclear genes or intergenic data. Here, I investigated evolutionary rates in intergenic regions in the model plant genus Arabidopsis. We generated a set of 66 intergenic sequences in Arabidopsis lyrata, a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana. We compared substitution rates among the 66 intergenic loci, and compared intergenic rates to a set of 64 orthologous coding sequences. Our chief observations were that the average rate of nucleotide substitution is slower in intergenic regions than at synonymous sites, that rate variation in both intergenic and coding regions correlate with GC content. We provide evidence to suggest that transcription-related mutation contributes to rate differences between intergenic and synonymous sites. Connecting observed phenotypic variation with underlying genetic variants is a primary goal of the study of genetics and evolutionary biology. Here I present a multi-pathway approach to investigating the genetics of abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, has long been thought to be a poor model for abiotic stress tolerance studies, as it is considered to be relatively intolerant of most abiotic stresses. We show, perhaps unsurprisingly, A. thaliana, does in fact contain a great deal of naturally occurring variation in abiotic stress tolerance. We then use multiple approaches, including QTL mapping, association mapping, gene expression analysis and population genetics with demographic modeling to generate a picture of the genetic variation underlying the observed phenotypic variation. This work represents the most comprehensive picture of salinity tolerance variation in Arabidopsis to date. We take advantage of this extensive natural variation to map QTL and generate a short list of candidate genes that may explain this phenotypic variation. Using population genetics and demographic modeling in A. lyrata we further investigate a subset of these candidate loci and identifying candidate genes for abiotic stress tolerance that show evidence of selection in natural populations. This work represents one of the first examples explicitly considering demographic history in tests for local adaptation in plants.
Book Synopsis Local Adaptation And The Genetic Basis Of Adaptive Variation In Wild Plants by : Billie Alethea Gould
Download or read book Local Adaptation And The Genetic Basis Of Adaptive Variation In Wild Plants written by Billie Alethea Gould and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of local adaptation is a key player in the evolution of plants, which are shaped by their environments perhaps more than any other organismal group. Botanists have often demonstrated adaptive trait differences between plant populations in different environments, and the concept of the "ecotype" was itself coined by an early plant biologist (Turesson, 1922). We continue striving to understand how the push and pull of selection and gene flow across heterogeneous environments contributes to the maintenance of genetic diversity and influences fundamental aspects of species biology such as geographic distribution, morphological diversity, and population response to environmental change. Understanding how often and why local adaptation occurs is an area of research that links both basic and applied branches of plant biology. In my dissertation I address fundamental questions regarding local adaptation in plants including: 1) What is the prevalence and role of local adaptation in determining the geographic distribution of a species; 2) What are the genes involved in local adaptation in the wild; and 3) do adaptive phenotypes evolve by similar genetic pathways in related species with different histories of selection. To address the first question, I examined the role of trait differentiation in range boundary formation in the annual wildflower Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. To explore the second and third questions, I examined patterns of local adaptation and its genetic basis in the temperate grass Anthoxanthum odoratum. I iii focused on the ecologically and agriculturally important trait of tolerance to aluminum in acid soils. In C. x. ssp. xantiana I have shown that adaptive differentiation between populations is common. Counter to theoretical expectations however, local adaptation to conditions at the range edge does not preclude the existence of substantial heritable trait variation there and is thus unlikely to restrict adaptation to conditions beyond the range edge. In A. odoratum local adaptation is also prevalent even at the small spatial scale of experimental plots within a single hay meadow at the long-term ecological Park Grass Experiment. Using genomic techniques, I demonstrate that adaptation to soil Al stress in this wild grass has many genetic similarities to cultivated grasses, but also likely involves previously undescribed genetic pathways. Both novel and canonical pathways are also likely to have been the targets of selection during the process of local adaptation during the history of the experiment. In combination, these studies reaffirm the prevalence of local adaptation in nature, but they also demonstrate that simple theoretical predictions about the exitence of local adaptation, its genetic basis, and its ecological consequences are suspect. Direct studies of adaptive traits and their underlying genes in diverse organisms will continue to be critical for understanding the true nature of the complex interaction between selection, gene flow, and genetic architechture to produce what we observe in the natural world. iv.
Book Synopsis Methods In Arabidopsis Research by : Nam-hai Chua
Download or read book Methods In Arabidopsis Research written by Nam-hai Chua and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992-06-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the ways to make consistent progress in a particular field of biology consists in choosing a good model system on which to focus the experimental efforts of the scientific community. It has taken a long time for scientists interested in various aspects of the life of plants to reach some sort of consensus. With the advent and impact of molecular biology, the small weed Arabidopsis is now the object of rapidly growing scientific attention. Since it is reasonable to assume that the general molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the physiological, cellular and biochemical properties of plants will be essentially conserved in all plants, it follows that these mechanisms should also operate in Arabidopsis and hence that its genome should contain most of the genes that we need to know about if we want to understand the genetic determination of the life processes in plants.Arabidopsis has a small genome and well documented genetic studies are available. It is easy to grow in large numbers and mutants defining important genetically controlled mechanisms are either available, or can readily be obtained. Various methods to introduce and express isolated homologous or heterologous genes are available. It is therefore realistic and desirable to aim at exploring the genome of this plant in very great detail. As will be illustrated in this book all the elements for such a grand strategy are in place.More and more scientists are therefore willing to accept the obvious and very real practical disadvantages resulting from its small size when experiments call for the isolation of proteins, membranes, subcellular fractions etc, in order to benefit from its extraordinary experimental advantages as a model system in molecular genetics. One can safely predict that in the next decade studies with Arabidopsis will provide major breakthroughs in our understanding of most aspects of plant physiology and developmental biology. The importance of this knowledge for plant breeding and therefore for a sustainable highly productive agriculture cannot be overestimated. We therefore expect that this book will provide valuable guidelines to all those who are planning experiments aimed at understanding various aspects of plant growth, productivity and interactions with the environment. The book offers a wealth of methodical and theoretical information as well as valuable references. It should be of use to students, teachers, as well as advanced researchers and those breeders who want to use molecular techniques in breeding.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Arabidopsis Thaliana: Local Adaptation and Interaction with Herbivores by : Asghar Mosleh Arany
Download or read book Ecology of Arabidopsis Thaliana: Local Adaptation and Interaction with Herbivores written by Asghar Mosleh Arany and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolution after Gene Duplication by : Katharina Dittmar
Download or read book Evolution after Gene Duplication written by Katharina Dittmar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene duplication has long been believed to have played a major role in the rise of biological novelty through evolution of new function and gene expression patterns. The first book to examine gene duplication across all levels of biological organization, Evolution after Gene Duplication presents a comprehensive picture of the mechanistic process by which gene duplication may have played a role in generating biodiversity. Key Features: Explores comparative genomics, genome evolution studies and analysis of multi-gene families such as Hox, globins, olfactory receptors and MHC (immune system) A complete post-genome treatment of the topic originally covered by Ohno's 1970 classic, this volume extends coverage to include the fate of associated regulatory pathways Taps the significant increase in multi-gene family data that has resulted from comparative genomics Comprehensive coverage that includes opposing theoretical viewpoints, comparative genomics data, theoretical and empirical evidence and the role of bioinformatics in the study of gene duplication This up-to-date overview of theory and mathematical models along with practical examples is suitable for scientists across various levels of biology as well as instructors and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Ecology and Evolution of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Giulia Zacchello
Download or read book Ecology and Evolution of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Giulia Zacchello and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Soil Science by : Ward Chesworth
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Soil Science written by Ward Chesworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Soil Science provides a comprehensive, alphabetical treatment of basic soil science in a single volume. It constitutes a wide ranging and authorative collection of some 160 academic articles covering the salient aspects of soil physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, technology, genesis, morphology, classification and geomorphology. With increased usage of soil for world food production, building materials, and waste repositories, demand has grown for a better global understanding of soil and its processes. longer articles by leading authorities from around the world are supplemented by some 430 definitions of common terms in soil sciences.
