Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling

Download Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128190566
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling by : F. Pacheco-Torgal

Download or read book Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment is divided over three parts. Part One focuses on the management of construction and demolition waste, including estimation of quantities and the use of BIM and GIS tools. Part Two reviews the processing of recycled aggregates, along with the performance of concrete mixtures using different types of recycled aggregates. Part Three looks at the environmental assessment of non-hazardous waste. This book will be a standard reference for civil engineers, structural engineers, architects and academic researchers working in the field of construction and demolition waste. - Summarizes key recent research in recycling and reusing concrete and demolition waste to reduce environmental impacts - Considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, and the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants - Reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste

Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste

Download Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857096907
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste by : F. Pacheco-Torgal

Download or read book Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high-performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates.Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste is a standard reference for all those involved in the civil engineering sector, as well as academic researchers in the field. - Summarises key recent research in recycling and reusing concrete and demolition waste to reduce environmental impacts and meet national, regional and global environmental targets - Considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants - Reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste

Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies

Download Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319669818
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies by : Enrico Benetto

Download or read book Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies written by Enrico Benetto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides insight into the implementation of Life Cycle approaches along the entire business value chain, supporting environmental, social and economic sustainability related to the development of industrial technologies, products, services and policies; and the development and management of smart agricultural systems, smart mobility systems, urban infrastructures and energy for the built environment. The book is based on papers presented at the 8th International Life Cycle Management Conference that took place from September 3-6, 2017 in Luxembourg, and which was organized by the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) and the University of Luxembourg in the framework of the LCM Conference Series.

Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management

Download Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351650076
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management by : Erik K. Lauritzen

Download or read book Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management written by Erik K. Lauritzen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), from the construction, maintenance, renovation and demolition of buildings and structures, represents a large proportion of the waste in industrialized societies. Compared to other forms, such as household waste, more than 90% of CDW can be used as a resource and a substitute for construction materials, especially for primary, natural raw materials. Reuse, recovery and recycling depends on the quality and market for the materials, and the environmental impact of the processes for conversion of CDW from old structures to its use in new structures. However, the utilization today of CDW products as secondary resources is marginal. Most CDW is deposited or used as fill material, and the opportunities of high quality recycling are generally neglected. This book presents the opportunities for the sustainable and resource efficient utilisation of CDW, focusing on recycling of concrete and masonry as the major forms of CDW. The recycling of gypsum, timber, mineral wool, asphalt and other types are also described. Its aim is to present a chain of value and material streams in the transformation of obsolete buildings and structures into new buildings and structures. It takes a holistic view, focusing on the lifecycle economy (the circular economy) and integrated management aspects of various scenarios ranging from high industrial urban renewal to debris removal and management after disasters and conflicts. It is based on the author ́s 35 years of research and development combined with practical international experience within the demolition and recycling area. It addresses students, architects, civil engineers, building owners, public authorities and others working in urban planning, demolition and resource management in the building and construction sector and in the reconstruction of damaged buildings after disasters and wars.

Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials: Construction and Demolition Waste – State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 165-SRM

Download Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials: Construction and Demolition Waste – State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 165-SRM PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : RILEM Publications
ISBN 13 : 9782912143174
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials: Construction and Demolition Waste – State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 165-SRM by : Charles F. Hendriks

Download or read book Report 22: Sustainable Raw Materials: Construction and Demolition Waste – State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 165-SRM written by Charles F. Hendriks and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Introduction to Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste

Download An Introduction to Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guyer Partners
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste by : J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.

Download or read book An Introduction to Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory guidance for professional engineers and construction managers interested in recycling costruction and demolition waste.

Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia

Download Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781685072377
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (723 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia by : Salman Shooshtarian

Download or read book Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia written by Salman Shooshtarian and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Due to the increase in construction activities worldwide and in Australia, the generation rate of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has significantly grown in recent years. In Australia, construction projects (i.e. housing, buildings and transport infrastructure) are being delivered at an unprecedented rate. Between 2009 and 2019, the annual average growth rate in this industry was 3.33%. The industry is identified as the fourth largest contributor to Australia's growth domestic product (GDP). Unsurprisingly, this quantity of construction brings about a considerable quantity of waste. In 2019, the construction industry generated 27 million tons (or megatonnes) of waste from construction and demolition activities in Australia. Given the size of the construction market and waste generated in this industry, any change will create huge impacts. The adequate management of such a quantity has now become a priority for policymakers around the world. A holistic national approach is required to handle the growing issue of C&D waste management in Australia. Therefore, this book identifies discrepancies and inconsistencies related to C&D waste management in different Australian jurisdictions. The included chapters discuss regulations governing the C&D waste stream, discrepancies in defining waste, Australia's place in the worldwide C&D waste market, opportunities for reducing C&D waste, and the perception among C&D waste stakeholders on relevant issues and proposed reforms, among other topics. Overall, the book contributes to the Australian understanding of effective management of C&D waste by providing a clear picture of C&D waste state of play. The book can benefit policymakers and whoever is interested in C&D waste to better plan for innovative and efficient C&D waste resulting in the further diversion of C&D waste from landfills"--

Solid Waste Recycling and Processing

Download Solid Waste Recycling and Processing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323221270
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Recycling and Processing by : Marc J. Rogoff

Download or read book Solid Waste Recycling and Processing written by Marc J. Rogoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Recycling and Processing, Second Edition, provides best-practice guidance to solid waste managers and recycling coordinators. The book covers all aspects of solid waste processing, volume reduction, and recycling, encompassing typical recyclable materials (paper, plastics, cans, and organics), construction and demolition debris, electronics, and more. It includes techniques, technologies, and programs to help maximize customer participation rates and revenues, as well as to minimize operating costs. The book is packed with lessons learned by the author during the implementation of the most successful programs worldwide, and includes numerous case studies showing how different systems work in different settings. This book also takes on industry debates such as the merits of curbside-sort versus single-stream recycling and the use of advanced technology in materials recovery facilities. It provides key facts and figures, and brief summaries of legislation in the United States, Europe, and Asia. An extensive glossary demystifies the terminology and acronyms used in different sectors and geographies. The author also explains emerging concepts in recycling such as zero waste, sustainability, LEED certification, and pay-as-you-throw, and places waste management and recycling in wider economic, environmental (sustainability), political, and societal contexts. - Covers single- and mixed-waste streams - Evaluates the technologies and tradeoffs of recycling of materials vs. integrated solutions, including combustion and other transformational options - Covers recycling as part of the bigger picture of solid waste management, processing and disposal

Solid Waste Technology and Management

Download Solid Waste Technology and Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119955025
Total Pages : 1196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Technology and Management by : Thomas Christensen

Download or read book Solid Waste Technology and Management written by Thomas Christensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection, transportation and subsequent processing of waste materials is a vast field of study which incorporates technical, social, legal, economic, environmental and regulatory issues. Common waste management practices include landfilling, biological treatment, incineration, and recycling – all boasting advantages and disadvantages. Waste management has changed significantly over the past ten years, with an increased focus on integrated waste management and life-cycle assessment (LCA), with the aim of reducing the reliance on landfill with its obvious environmental concerns in favour of greener solutions. With contributions from more than seventy internationally known experts presented in two volumes and backed by the International Waste Working Group and the International Solid Waste Association, detailed chapters cover: Waste Generation and Characterization Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Management Systems Waste Minimization Material Recycling Waste Collection Mechanical Treatment and Separation Thermal Treatment Biological Treatment Landfilling Special and Hazardous Waste Solid Waste Technology & Management is a balanced and detailed account of all aspects of municipal solid waste management, treatment and disposal, covering both engineering and management aspects with an overarching emphasis on the life-cycle approach.

Demolition

Download Demolition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 1612490034
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (124 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demolition by : Mark Shaurette

Download or read book Demolition written by Mark Shaurette and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the built environment ages, demolition has become a rapidly growing industry offering major employment opportunities. During the 1990s the number of contractors grew by nearly 60 percent and there are now over 800 US companies focused on demolition, as well as many more offering this service as part of their portfolio. It has also become an increasingly complex business, requiring a unique combination of project management skills, legal and contractual knowledge, and engineering skills from its practitioners. Created in partnership with the National Demolition Association, Demolition: Practices, Technology, and Management is written specifically with students of construction management and engineering in mind, although it will also be an invaluable reference resource for anyone involved in demolition projects. Since demolition has become such a central part of construction management, this audience includes practicing architects and engineers, general contractors, building and manufacturing facility owners, as well as government officials and regulators. Covered in the book is the full range of technical and management issues encountered by the demolition contractor and those who hire demolition contractors. These include modern demolition practices, the impact of different construction types, demolition regulations, estimating demolition work, demolition contracts, safety on the demolition project, typical demolition equipment, debris handling and recycling, use of explosives, demolition contractors' participation in disaster response, and demolition project management.

Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste: A LEED-Based Toolkit (GreenSource)

Download Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste: A LEED-Based Toolkit (GreenSource) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071713395
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste: A LEED-Based Toolkit (GreenSource) by : Greg Winkler

Download or read book Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste: A LEED-Based Toolkit (GreenSource) written by Greg Winkler and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Complete Reference on Construction Waste Recycling This GreenSource guide offers comprehensive information on how to recycle as much as 95 percent of new construction and demolition waste, reuse existing materials, and comply with U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) LEED waste management guidelines. Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste provides the strategies and tools you need to develop and implement a successful jobsite waste management plan. This practical resource also covers other programs that promote sustainable construction, such as the International Code Council's ICC-ES program, the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) Green Building Program, the Green Building Initiative Green Globes Program, BREEAM, and more. FIND OUT HOW TO: Manage construction and demolition waste on the jobsite Set up an efficient jobsite recycling center Recycle new construction waste Conduct an on-site audit to assess demolition waste Reuse existing materials, including asphalt, brick, concrete, insulation, structural steel, wood, glass, and more Develop a comprehensive waste management plan Comply with LEED standards to earn waste management credits Get details on other green certification and code programs Document waste management compliance Include appropriate specifications in construction documents Market your jobsite recycling program

Solid Waste Landfilling

Download Solid Waste Landfilling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124078818
Total Pages : 1192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Landfilling by : Raffaello Cossu

Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. - Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines - Provides worldwide approaches and technologies - Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic - Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact - Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling

Toxicity of Building Materials

Download Toxicity of Building Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857096354
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Toxicity of Building Materials by : Fernando Pacheco-Torgal

Download or read book Toxicity of Building Materials written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-08-13 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From long-standing worries regarding the use of lead and asbestos to recent research into carcinogenic issues related to the use of plastics in construction, there is growing concern regarding the potential toxic effects of building materials on health. Toxicity of building materials provides an essential guide to this important problem and its solutions.Beginning with an overview of the material types and potential health hazards presented by building materials, the book goes on to consider key plastic materials. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds, are then explored in depth, before a review of wood preservatives and mineral fibre-based building materials. Issues related to the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning are the focus of subsequent chapters, followed by discussion of the range of heavy metals, materials prone to mould growth, and antimicrobials. Finally, Toxicity of building materials concludes by considering the potential hazards posed by waste based/recycled building materials, and the toxicity of nanoparticles.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Toxicity of building materials is an invaluable tool for all civil engineers, materials researchers, scientists and educators working in the field of building materials. - Provides an essential guide to the potential toxic effects of building materials on health - Comprehensively examines materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds - Later chapters focus on issues surrounding the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning

Regeneration of the Built Environment from a Circular Economy Perspective

Download Regeneration of the Built Environment from a Circular Economy Perspective PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303033256X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regeneration of the Built Environment from a Circular Economy Perspective by : Stefano Della Torre

Download or read book Regeneration of the Built Environment from a Circular Economy Perspective written by Stefano Della Torre and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-30 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores the strategic importance and advantages of adopting multidisciplinary and multiscalar approaches of inquiry and intervention with respect to the built environment, based on principles of sustainability and circular economy strategies. A series of key challenges are considered in depth from a multidisciplinary perspective, spanning engineering, architecture, and regional and urban economics. These challenges include strategies to relaunch socioeconomic development through regenerative processes, the regeneration of urban spaces from the perspective of resilience, the development and deployment of innovative products and processes in the construction sector in order to comply more fully with the principles of sustainability and circularity, and the development of multiscale approaches to enhance the performance of both the existing building stock and new buildings. The book offers a rich selection of conceptual, empirical, methodological, technical, and case study/project-based research. It will be of value for all who have an interest in regeneration of the built environment from a circular economy perspective.

Waste

Download Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123814766
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waste by : Trevor Letcher

Download or read book Waste written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste: A Handbook for Management gives the broadest, most complete coverage of waste in our society. The book examines a wide range of waste streams, including: - Household waste (compostable material, paper, glass, textiles, household chemicals, plastic, water, and e-waste) - Industrial waste (metals, building materials, tires, medical, batteries, hazardous mining, and nuclear) - Societal waste (ocean, military, and space) - The future of landfills and incinerators Covering all the issues related to waste in one volume helps lead to comparisons, synergistic solutions, and a more informed society. In addition, the book offers the best ways of managing waste problems through recycling, incineration, landfill and other processes. - Co-author Daniel Vallero interviewed on NBC's Today show for a segment on recycling - Scientific and non-biased overviews will assist scientists, technicians, engineers, and government leaders - Covers all main types of waste, including household, industrial, and societal - Strong focus on management and recycling provides solutions

Sustainable Construction

Download Sustainable Construction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Florida, Center for Construction & Environment
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 908 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Construction by : Charles J. Kibert

Download or read book Sustainable Construction written by Charles J. Kibert and published by University of Florida, Center for Construction & Environment. This book was released on 1994 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites

Download Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845697669
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites by : Vannessa Goodship

Download or read book Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites written by Vannessa Goodship and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-12-18 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference work provides a comprehensive review of the management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. These are issues which are of increasing importance due to the growing use of composites in many industries, increasingly strict legislation and concerns about disposal of composites by landfill or incineration.Part one discusses the management of waste composites and includes an introduction to composites recycling and a chapter on EU legislation for recycling waste composites. Part two reviews thermal technologies for recycling waste composites with chapters on pyrolysis, catalytic transformation, thermal treatments for energy recovery and fluidized bed pyrolysis. Part three covers mechanical methods of recycling waste composites. This section includes chapters on additives for recycled plastic composites, improving mechanical recycling and the quality and durability of mechanically recycled composites. Parts four discusses improving sustainable manufacture of composites, with chapters on environmentally-friendly filament winding of FRP composites, process monitoring and new developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites. Part five gives a review of case studies including end-of-life wind turbine blades, aerospace composites, marine composites, composites in construction and the recycling of concrete.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Management, recycling and reuse of waste composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the disposal or recycling of waste composites. - Reviews the increasingly important issues of recycling and reuse as a result of the increased use of composites - Discusses the management of waste composites and EU legislation with regards to recycling - Examines methods for recycling, including thermal technologies and mechanical methods