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An Integrated Modeling Approach To Evaluating The Impacts Of Climate Change On Arid Region Riparian Zones
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Book Synopsis An Integrated Modeling Approach to Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Arid Region Riparian Zones by :
Download or read book An Integrated Modeling Approach to Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Arid Region Riparian Zones written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In arid region riparian zones the vegetation is often sustained by shallow groundwater, which provides a reliable source of water. Under conditions of climate change it is unclear how the hydrologic balance in riparian areas might be affected. A series of hydrologic models were developed and integrated to evaluate the impacts of climate change on riparian zones. Changes in climate could impact several hydrologic aspects in riparian zones including, groundwater recharge, streamflow, runoff, precipitation, and crop water consumptive use. The developed model links these components into an integrated hydrologic system for assessment of impacts to riparian zones. Impacts to riparian zones were evaluated with respect to changes in depth to groundwater and streamflow. Four models were used in the integrated modeling system, including: general circulation model (GCM), water balance model, regional groundwater model, and local groundwater model. The GCM created plausible climate change scenarios and the water balance model converted results from the GCM to predict changes in runoff and potential ET for the study area. These hydrology and climate results were used as inputs into a regional watershed-scale surface water-groundwater model. Once calibrated, the regional model was used to determine the streamflow and starting head inputs for the local model. The local model was used to predict impacts to riparian zones due to climate change. The integrated modeling approach indicates that climate change will impact the timing and magnitude of stream flow, which affects stream gains and losses and lowers groundwater levels during critical periods of plant growth.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources by : C. Fai Fung
Download or read book Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources written by C. Fai Fung and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantitative assessment of the impact of climate change on water availability and water resources management requires knowledge of climate, hydro(geo)logical and water resources models, and particularly the relationships between each of them. This book brings together world experts on each of these aspects, distilling each complex topic into concise and easy to understand chapters, in which both the uses and limitations of modelling are explored. The book concludes with a set of case studies using real-life examples to illustrate the steps required and the problems that can be faced in assessing the potential impacts of climate change on water resource systems. For students, scientists, engineers and decision-makers alike, this book provides an invaluable and critical look at the information that is provided by climate models, and the ways it is used in modelling water systems. A key focus is the exploration of how uncertainties may accrue at each stage of an impacts assessment, and the reliability of the resulting information. The book is a practical guide to understanding the opportunities and pitfalls in the quantitative assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation in the water resource sector.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9780521634557 Total Pages :532 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (345 download)
Book Synopsis The Regional Impacts of Climate Change by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.
Download or read book The Regional Impacts of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Book Synopsis Assessing Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change Over Semi-arid Region Using Bias-adjusted Dynamically Downscaled Meteorological Forcing by : Tsou Chun Jaw
Download or read book Assessing Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change Over Semi-arid Region Using Bias-adjusted Dynamically Downscaled Meteorological Forcing written by Tsou Chun Jaw and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twentieth century climate change induced by anthropogenic forcings has been recognized as one of the most serious issues affecting the development of mankind. Impacts of climate change on hydrologic processes are highly relevant to human activities and draw a great deal of scientific attention. In particular, semi-arid hydrology and water resources, which are encountering significant challenges in present climate, are projected to be more vulnerable to the future climate. While relevant studies emphasize large-scale impacts on hydrological processes due to climate changes, investigations of the impacts of climate changes on regional, even basin-scale hydrology are relatively limited. The main objective of this dissertation is to assess the potential hydrologic impacts of climate change over a semi-arid region by means of hydrologic modeling driven by high-resolution meteorological forcings. While GCMs are considered as powerful tools to simulate large-scale climate changes in the Earth system, climate information derived from GCMs needs to be further downscaled to meet the requirements of assessing the impact of regional climate and hydrology on global climate change. In this study, dynamical downscaling implementing a Regional Climate Model (RCM) to derive finer-resolution climate data is conducted, and three GCMs (BCCR, CCSM3, and ECHAM5) are adopted as the forcing data sets of the dynamical downscaling to evaluate regional climate and its hydrologic impacts over the semi-arid Morocco under the present-day and future climate scenarios. Downscaled precipitation analyses indicate that, systematically, biases are present. Directly using biased RCM output for hydrologic assessments would lead to unrealistic results. Therefore, effective bias correction approaches for the meteorological forcings required in the hydrologic modeling are adopted. While dynamically-downscaled GCMs show varying biases, downscaled ECHAM5 runs are more realistic in reproducing the historical climate patterns. Furthermore, proposed bias corrections (QM, EDCDF, and MovingCDF) significantly reduce the biases both in the meteorological forcings and their hydrologic responses. Among the correction approaches, MovingCDF accounts for the nonstationarity within the projection period and displays the best performance in forcing correction. Hydrologic simulation runs forced by the corrected forcings are significantly improved in the historical period in comparison with the results directly forced by RCM output. For future hydrologic assessments, hydrologic simulations driven by bias-corrected climate forcings exhibit a more consistent agreement. A drier hydrologic condition in the study region is expected in the near future (2036-2065). However, the degrees of the hydrologic impact, are highly dependent on the behaviors of large-scale GCM forcings.
Book Synopsis Impact of Water Level Changes on Woody Riparian and Wetland Communities by : M. Alice Walters
Download or read book Impact of Water Level Changes on Woody Riparian and Wetland Communities written by M. Alice Walters and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Case Study for Assessing the Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change at the Watershed Scale by : Martinus Hubertus Brouwers
Download or read book A Case Study for Assessing the Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change at the Watershed Scale written by Martinus Hubertus Brouwers and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the advent of the industrial era atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have been on the rise leading to increasing global mean temperatures. Through increasing temperatures and changes to distributions of precipitation, climate change will intensify the hydrologic cycle which will directly impact surface water sources while the impacts to groundwater are reflected through changes in recharge to the water table. The IPCC (2001) reports that limited investigations have been conducted regarding the impacts of climate change to groundwater resources. The complexity of evaluating the hydrologic impacts of climate change requires the use of a numerical model. This thesis investigates the state of the science of conjunctive surface-subsurface water modeling with the aim of determining a suitable approach for conducting long-term transient simulations at the watershed scale. As a result of this investigation, a coupled modeling approach is adopted using HELP3 to simulate surface and vadose zone processes and HydroSphere to simulate saturated flow of groundwater. This approach is applied to the Alder Creek Watershed, which is a subwatershed of the Grand River Watershed and located near Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. The Alder Creek Watershed is a suitable case study for the evaluation of climate change scenarios as it has been well characterized from previous studies and it is relatively small in size. Two contrasting scenarios of climate change (i.e., drier and wetter futures) are evaluated relative to a reference scenario that is based on the historical climatic record of the region. The simulation results show a strong impact upon the timing of hydrologic processes, shifting the spring snow melt to earlier in the year leading to an overall decrease in runoff and increase in infiltration for both drier and wetter future climate scenarios. Both climate change scenarios showed a marked increase to overall evapotranspiration which is most pronounced in the summer months. The impacts to groundwater are more subdued relative to surface water. This is attributed to the climate forcing perturbations being attenuated by the shift of the spring snow melt and the transient storage effects of the vadose zone, which can be significant given the hummocky terrain of the region. The simulation results show a small overall rise of groundwater elevations resulting from the simulated increase in infiltration for both climate change scenarios.
Book Synopsis Riparian Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Book Synopsis Climate Variability Impacts on Land Use and Livelihoods in Drylands by : Mahesh K. Gaur
Download or read book Climate Variability Impacts on Land Use and Livelihoods in Drylands written by Mahesh K. Gaur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume is devoted to the examination of the implications of the inevitable changes wrought by global change on the welfare and livelihoods of tens of millions of people who live in dryland regions. Global change is more than just climate change and the ramifications of changing trade patterns (geopolitical and economic aspects), the shift to the market economy, demographic factors (population growth, urbanization and re-settlement), receive attention here. Land use change specialists, policy makers and natural resource management agencies will find the book very useful. Chapters focus on examples that are drawn from a number of sources including previously unpublished studies on the impact of climate change, markets and economics on pastoralist and dryland farming households. The key focus is to provide readers with insights into the real world implications of change (including an analysis of the drivers of change) on these vulnerable groups within dryland societies. The role of humans as agents of these changes is canvassed. A regional analysis of the world's drylands is also performed including those in Australia, Argentina, India, North America, China, North Africa, Central Asia and Southern Africa.
Book Synopsis Human Intervention in the Climatology of Arid Lands by : Donald R. Haragan
Download or read book Human Intervention in the Climatology of Arid Lands written by Donald R. Haragan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Integrated Regional Climate Modeling Methodologies for Impact Assessment by : Xiong Zhou
Download or read book Development of Integrated Regional Climate Modeling Methodologies for Impact Assessment written by Xiong Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has been one of the most prominent and critical environmental concerns due to its potential impacts. Climate change projections, as generated through global climate models (GCMs), have been widely employed for assessments of such impacts. However, GCMs have difficulty in representing the detailed local features over limited regions. Therefore, advanced metrologies are consequently required to investigate the potential impacts of climate change. In this dissertation research, a set of integrated regional climate modeling methodologies were developed to advance the previous methodologies for potential impact assessments at regional scales under climatic changing conditions, including (a) a coupled dynamical-copula downscaling (CDCD) approach, (b) an ANOVA-based factorial dynamical downscaling (AFDD) approach, (c) a Bayesian factorial modeling (BFM) approach, (d) an ensemble RCMs-driven VIC model, (e) a stepwise cluster Bayesian (SCB) ensemble method, and (f) a mixed-level factorial inference (MLFI) approach. The developed approaches in this research could be applicable to develop future projections of climate and hydrology. Such approaches are capable of exploring the possible effects of climate change at local and regional scales. Moreover, the main and interactive effects of multiple uncertain factors on climatic and hydrologic variables could be examined based on the proposed factorial analysis approaches. The results can provide decision makers with valuable information for mitigation and adaptation of the severe impacts of climatic changes on economic, social, and environmental sectors.
Book Synopsis Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability by : Assefa M. Melesse
Download or read book Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Wildfire Effecs in Aridland Riparian Ecosystems by : D. Max Smith
Download or read book Climate Change and Wildfire Effecs in Aridland Riparian Ecosystems written by D. Max Smith and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aridland riparian ecosystems are limited, the climate is changing, and further hydrological change is likely in the American Southwest. To protect riparian ecosystems and organisms, we need to understand how they are affected by disturbance processes and stressors such as fire, drought, and non-native plant invasions. Riparian vegetation is critically important as foraging, resting, migrating, and breeding habitat to birds and other animal species in the southwestern United States. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and other woody species provide birds with nesting sites and foraging opportunities, some of which are absent or rare in adjacent plant communities. The structurally diverse, species-rich vegetation along many southwestern streams supports high densities of territories and nest sites for a variety of birds including several species of high conservation priority. Survival and reproduction of woody riparian plants is largely determined by periodic floods and droughts. As in other regions, rivers and streams of the American Southwest have been heavily altered by human activity, resulting in significant changes to disturbance regimes. Hydrological models, incorporating greenhouse gas emission scenarios, project that these changes will be exacerbated by climate change. In this report, we review the ecohydrology of southwestern streams and share results from our study sites along the Middle Rio Grande to describe effects of hydrological changes, wildfire, and invasions on plant communities and riparian-nesting birds. We also examine climate change projections and output from population models to gauge the future of aridland riparian ecosystems in an increasingly arid Southwest.
Book Synopsis Vulnerability of Riparian Ecosystems to Elevated CO2 and Climate Change in Arid and Semiarid Western North America by : Laura G. Perry
Download or read book Vulnerability of Riparian Ecosystems to Elevated CO2 and Climate Change in Arid and Semiarid Western North America written by Laura G. Perry and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatially Explicit Hydrologic Modeling by : Jagath Vithanage
Download or read book Spatially Explicit Hydrologic Modeling written by Jagath Vithanage and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology in semi-arid areas is highly impacted by changes in land cover and climate, and research and management are dependent on tools to assess change. Research will be presented that describes methods for mapping and modeling land cover and climate changes and their effects on hydrological systems. Land cover mapping using fast Fourier transforms showed high accuracy compared to traditional techniques. Exploitation of land for natural gas infrastructure is an important form of land use change in the Big Piney-La Barge Oil and Gas Field development area. We used a calibrated SWAT model to simulate hydrology before and after development in this research. Methods for modeling spatially explicit future land management scenarios were built into a GIS system and used in hydrologic models to forecast potential changes to the hydrologic cycle. The KINEROS2 hydrological model was used to simulate hydrology in this study to show the impacts of different management practices. The WRF climate model was used in conjunction with the calibrated SWAT model with the aid of automated calibration to forecast future climate, with the results ingested by a hydrologic model to assess potential impacts on water yield.
Book Synopsis Hydrologic Modeling in Semi-arid Agricultural Region by : Sagarika Roy
Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling in Semi-arid Agricultural Region written by Sagarika Roy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Wildfire Effecs in Aridland Riparian Ecosystems by : D. Max Smith
Download or read book Climate Change and Wildfire Effecs in Aridland Riparian Ecosystems written by D. Max Smith and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aridland riparian ecosystems are limited, the climate is changing, and further hydrological change is likely in the American Southwest. To protect riparian ecosystems and organisms, we need to understand how they are affected by disturbance processes and stressors such as fire, drought, and non-native plant invasions. Riparian vegetation is critically important as foraging, resting, migrating, and breeding habitat to birds and other animal species in the southwestern United States. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and other woody species provide birds with nesting sites and foraging opportunities, some of which are absent or rare in adjacent plant communities. The structurally diverse, species-rich vegetation along many southwestern streams supports high densities of territories and nest sites for a variety of birds including several species of high conservation priority. Survival and reproduction of woody riparian plants is largely determined by periodic floods and droughts. As in other regions, rivers and streams of the American Southwest have been heavily altered by human activity, resulting in significant changes to disturbance regimes. Hydrological models, incorporating greenhouse gas emission scenarios, project that these changes will be exacerbated by climate change. In this report, we review the ecohydrology of southwestern streams and share results from our study sites along the Middle Rio Grande to describe effects of hydrological changes, wildfire, and invasions on plant communities and riparian-nesting birds. We also examine climate change projections and output from population models to gauge the future of aridland riparian ecosystems in an increasingly arid Southwest.
Book Synopsis Integrated Regional Models by : Peter Groffman
Download or read book Integrated Regional Models written by Peter Groffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated regional models are conceptual and mathematical models that describe the physical environment, biological interactions, human decision-making, and human impact on the environment. Efforts are now being made to integrate regional models from the physical, biological and social sciences in order to respond to diverse environmental problems. This volume explores the latest research developments on processes operating at a variety of scales, including regions, and how scientists can combine their efforts to develop models linking biological, physical, and human systems. Data requirements for successful integrated regional models are identified and discussed. Chapters also consider methodological questions, such as whether to integrate disciplinary approaches at the beginning or the end of the modelling process, and whether integrated regional models should focus on specific regions or specific problems. The information in this volume will enable the reader to view problems such as coastal zone management, atmospheric pollution, non-point source pollution, commodity production in forested areas, and urban expansion in a broad, conceptual context. Researchers and graduate students in ecology, biology, geography and geology will benefit from this innovative approach to contemporary environmental problems.
