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Author : Anthony Edward Held
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (63 download)
Download or read book An Improved Model to Simulate Pollutant Dispersion from Roadways written by Anthony Edward Held and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marcello Benedini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400755090
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams written by Marcello Benedini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the Water Framework Directive in the European countries is to achieve a “good status” of all the water bodies, in the integrated management of river basins. In order to assess the impact of improvement measures, water quality models are necessary. During the previous decades the progress in computer technology and computational methods has supported the development of advanced mathematical models for pollutant transport in rivers and streams. This book is intended to provide the fundamental knowledge needed for a deeper understanding of these models and the development of new ones, which will fulfil future quality requirements in water resources management. This book focuses on the fundamentals of computational techniques required in water quality modelling. Advection, dispersion and concentrated sources or sinks of contaminants lead to the formulation of the fundamental differential equation of pollutant transport. Its integration, according to appropriate initial and boundary conditions and with the knowledge of the velocity field, allows for pollutant behaviour to be assessed in the entire water body. An analytical integration is convenient only in one-dimensional approach with considerable simplification. Integration in the numerical field is useful for taking into account particular aspects of water body and pollutants. To ensure their reliability, the models require accurate calibration and validation, based on proper data, taken from direct measurements. In addition, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are also of utmost importance. All the above items are discussed in detail in the 21 chapters of the book, which is written in a didactic form for professionals and students.
Author : Benjamin Ishii
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Modeling Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Areas with Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Benjamin Ishii and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution is a major issue for urban areas all around the world. This report reviews the recent literature on modeling and pollution dispersion in urban areas with the application of computation fluid dynamic (CFD) models. A review of atmospheric turbulence and weather conditions is provided as pertaining to dispersion modeling. When applying CFD, the modeler must specify the closure model, which could be direct numerical simulation (DNS), Reynolds average numerical simulation (RANS), or large eddy simulation (LES). A comparison of the RANS and LES models is provided. The main advantages of CFD is that it offers advanced modeling that can account for turbulence under multiple weather conditions and 3-dimensional obstructions in the flow field. The recent research focuses on how CFD can be used to predict pollution concentrations without measurement devices or physically altering an urban landscape. Multiple researchers have explored pollution dispersion near roadways, specifically modeling pollution emission and the effect of roadway barriers on pollution dispersion. Other research focused on modeling a larger portion of a city where the buildings and street canyons play an important role in the flow patterns (and the effects on pollutant dispersion) within the city. The research explores the possibility of modifying urban areas to allow for increased pollutant dispersion. The recent research shows that CFD is a powerful tool for modeling pollutant dispersion and that more research is required to take full advantage of CFD in this area.
Author : Noel de Nevers
Publisher : Waveland Press
ISBN 13 : 1478608471
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (786 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Control Engineering written by Noel de Nevers and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2010-05-07 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution control can be approached from a number of different engineering disciplines environmental, chemical, civil, and mechanical. To that end, Noel de Nevers has written an engaging overview of the subject. While based on the fundamentals of chemical engineering, the treatment is accessible to readers with only one year of college chemistry. In addition to discussions of individual air pollutants and the theory and practice of air pollution control devices, de Nevers devotes about half the book to topics that influence device selection and design, such as atmospheric models and U.S. air pollution law. The generous number of end-of-chapter problems are designed to develop more complex thinking about the concepts presented and integrate them with readers personal experienceincreasing the likelihood of deeper understanding.
Author : Nicolas Moussiopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662052172
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Air Quality in Cities written by Nicolas Moussiopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban areas are major sources of air pollution. Pollutant emissions affecting air quality in cities are considered to have adverse consequences for human health. Public and government concern about environmental issues arising from urban air pollution has increased over the last decades. The urban air pollution problem is widespread throughout the world and it is important to find ways of eliminating or at least reducing the risks for human health. The fundamentals of the physical and chemical processes occurring during air pollutant transport in the atmosphere are nowadays understood to a large extent. In particular, modelling of such processes has experienced a remarkable growth in the last decades. Monitoring capabilities have also improved markedly in the most urban areas around the world. However, neither modelling nor monitoring can solve urban air pollution problems, as they are only a first step in improving useful information for future regulations. The defining of efficient control strategies can not be achieved without a clear knowledge of the complete pollution process, i.e. emission, atmospheric transport and transformation, and deposition at the receptor. Improving our ability to establish valid urban scale source-receptor relation ships has been the objective of SA TURN, one of the 14 subprojects of EURO TRAC-2. Similar to the other subprojects of this co-ordinated environmental pro ject within the EUREKA initiative, SA TURN brought together international groups of scientists to work on problems directly related to atmospheric chemistry and physics. The present volume summarises the scientific results of SATURN.
Author : Riccardo Buccolieri
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303897806X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Recent Advances in Urban Ventilation Assessment and Flow Modelling written by Riccardo Buccolieri and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twenty-one original papers and one review paper published by internationally recognized experts in the Atmosphere Special Issue "Recent Advances in Urban Ventilation Assessment and Flow Modelling", years 2017–2019. The Special Issue includes contributions on recent experimental and modelling works, techniques, and developments mainly tailored to the assessment of urban ventilation on flow and pollutant dispersion in cities. The study of ventilation is of critical importance, as it addresses the capacity with which a built urban structure is capable of replacing the polluted air with ambient fresh air. Here, ventilation is recognized as a transport process that improves local microclimate and air quality and closely relates to the term “breathability”. The efficiency with which street canyon ventilation occurs depends on the complex interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer flow and the local urban morphology. The individual contributions to this Issue are summarized and categorized into four broad topics: (1) outdoor ventilation efficiency and application/development of ventilation indices, (2) relationship between indoor and outdoor ventilation, (3) effects of urban morphology and obstacles to ventilation, and (4) ventilation modelling in realistic urban districts. The results and approaches presented and proposed will be of great interest to experimentalists and modelers, and may constitute a starting point for the improvement of numerical simulations of flow and pollutant dispersion in the urban environment, for the development of simulation tools, and for the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Author : Paul James Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (256 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Model to Simulate the Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion of Pollutants Over Complex Terrain written by Paul James Dawson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Argonne National Laboratory. Energy and Environmental Systems Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Dispersion Simulation Techniques for Assessing the Air Pollution Impacts of Ground Transportation Systems written by Argonne National Laboratory. Energy and Environmental Systems Division and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Raymond Viskanta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Modeling of the Effects of Pollutants and Dispersion in Urban Atmospheres written by Raymond Viskanta and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. Zannetti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147574465X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling written by P. Zannetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finishing this book is giving me a mixture of relief, satisfaction and frus tration. Relief, for the completion of a project that has taken too many of my evenings and weekends and that, in the last several months, has become almost an obsession. Satisfaction, for the optimistic feeling that this book, in spite of its many shortcomings and imbalances, will be of some help to the air pollution scientific community. Frustration, for the impossibility of incorporating newly available material that would require another major review of several key chap ters - an effort that is currently beyond my energies but not beyond my desires. The first canovaccio of this book came out in 1980 when I was invited by Computational Mechanics in the United Kingdom to give my first Air Pollution Modeling course. The course material, in the form of transparencies, expanded, year after year, thus providing a growing working basis. In 1985, the ECC Joint Research Center in Ispra, Italy, asked me to prepare a critical survey of mathe matical models of atmospheric pollution, transport and deposition. This support gave me the opportunity to prepare a sort of "first draft" of the book, which I expanded in the following years.
Author : Nicholas Joseph Green
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (687 download)
Download or read book Roadway Pollutant Dispersion written by Nicholas Joseph Green and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sven-Erik Gryning
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461541530
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII written by Sven-Erik Gryning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ITM conference series has always had a strong spirit of cooperation under the NATO/CCMS umbrella, and with the considerable interest fram Partner countries to participate in the ITM conferences, it provides an excellent opportunity to create ties between scientists. Whereas all previous ITM conferences have taken place in NATO countries, the 23rd ITM takes place in a Cooperative Partner country, Bulgaria, and is hosted by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This fact reflects a general wish for a closer connection and collaboration among scientists fram Partner and NATO countries. This volume contains the papers from the 23rd NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, being held September 28 - October 2, 1998, at Riviera Holiday Club, Varna, Bulgaria. It was attended by 120 participants from 30 countries. Thanks are due to all who made it possible to plan, carry through, and follow up the meeting, and to the participants who made the conference so successful. Special thanks are due to the sponsoring institutions: ATO/CCMS EURASAP RIS0 BAS 3M NATO/CCMS - Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society EURASAP - European Association for the Science of Air Pollution RIS0 - Ris0 National Laboratory, Denmark NIMH - National Institute of Meteorology and Hydralogy, Bulgaria BAS - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3M Representation office, Bulgaria Prestige Business Ltd. , Bulgaria The excellent collaboration with CIM (Company for International Meetings Ltd.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Parameterizations for Pollutant Transport and Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon Using a Three-dimensional Dynamic Flow Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results produced from a 3-D, time-dependent flow model show that dispersion characteristics can be simulated and interpreted in terms of flow conditions and structural configurations. Our previously parameterized 2-D formulations for time constants are modified to include the effect of the orientation of the mean wind relative to the canyon. The parameterizations can be applied to urban air pollution models directly, because the independent parameters are readily available from mesoscale calculations. More numerical studies are planned to characterize turbulent flow in street canyons. The current version of the model will be coupled with an improved module to solve transport equations for turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate. A three-dimensional, time-dependent flow model has been applied to examine the processes by which pollutants emitted at street level are transported and diffused from street canyons, and to determine the exchange rates of pollutants between street canyons and the air above the canyon.
Author : Clemens Mensink
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 366263760X
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (626 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-13 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models. Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 37th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Hamburg, Germany, September 23-27, 2019.
Author : Bo Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Physics-based, Data-driven Modeling of Micro-environmental Air Quaity Impact from Stationary and Mobile Sources written by Bo Yang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health studies have indicated strong correlations between air pollution and adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects, premature death, and mortality. Widely used in regulatory applications for permitting new sources and in health studies to estimate exposure, Gaussian-based atmospheric dispersion models play a crucial role in air quality management but have several well-documented limitations. The main challenge of improving dispersion models is how to represent the complex turbulent flow field from the source(s) to the receptor(s) at a local length scale (~ 1 km) with high resolutions (~ 1 m). At the local scale, built environment and/or moving vehicle induced turbulence have significant effects on the dispersion process. This dissertation presents the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of the turbulent, reactive flow fields, the dispersion, and transformation of the air pollutants from two major air pollution sources, the power generation facilities and the highway vehicles. These two major sources could be close to communities and correspondingly raise local air quality concerns. For example, the hydrocarbon fueled distributed generation (DG) facilities are usually located near end-users and have shorter stacks than those of centralized power plants. Communities near major highways are exposed to elevated air pollutant concentrations than those far away from highways. The methods proposed in this dissertation would improve dispersion models and thereby public health research. For the power generators, a CFD-aided air pollutant dispersion parameterization method was developed, and it showed better performance than a regulatory dispersion model. This work was based on studies of a centralized power plant (1,235 MW), a simple cycled gas turbine (47 MW) with a heat recovery system, and a combined heat and power gas turbine (CHP, two units, 15 MW each). For the highway vehicles, NO2/NOx ratios at different plume evolution stages were clearly defined. Curbside measurement, on-road chasing measurement, and CFD simulations demonstrated on-road NO2 formation could be a large contributor of the total NO2 at the curbside, which was neglected in the current dispersion models. A CFD-aided on-road and near-road NO2/NOx ratio parameterization method was proposed and evaluated using curbside measurement data collected at an interstate highway.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book I-15 North Corridor Project, Improvements from 400 South in Salt Lake City to 200 North in Kaysville, Salt Lake County written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ching-Chi Wong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781361355954
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (559 download)
Download or read book Flow and Pollutant Dispersion Over Idealized Urban Street Canyons Using Large-Eddy Simulation written by Ching-Chi Wong and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Flow and Pollutant Dispersion Over Idealized Urban Street Canyons Using Large-eddy Simulation" by Ching-chi, Wong, 黃精治, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Flows and pollutant dispersion over flat rural terrain have been investigated for decades. However, our understanding of their behaviours over urban areas is rather limited. Most cases have either focused on street level or in the roughness sub-layer (RSL) of urban boundary layer (UBL). Whereas, only a handful of studies have looked into the coupling between street-level and UBL-core dynamics, and their effects on pollutant dispersion. In this thesis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to examine the flows and pollutant transport in and over urban roughness. Idealised two-dimensional (2D) street canyons are used as the basic units fabricating hypothetical urban surfaces. A ground-level passive and chemically inert pollutant source is applied to simulate the flows and pollutant dispersion over rough surfaces in isothermal condition. Large-eddy simulation (LES) with the one-equation subgrid-scale model is used to solve explicitly the broad range of scales in turbulent flows. Arrays of idealized street canyons of both uniform and non-uniform building height are used to formulate a unified theory for the flows and pollutant dispersion over urban areas of different morphology. The geometry of roughness elements is controlled by the building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratio (0.083 A detailed analysis on the roof-level turbulence structure reveals parcels of low-speed air masses in the streamwise flows and narrow high-speed down-drafts in the urban canopy layer, signifying the momentum entrainment into the street canyons. The decelerating streamwise flows in turn initiate up-drafts carrying pollutants away from the street canyons, illustrating the basic pollutant removal mechanism in 2D street canyons. Turbulent transport processes, in the form of ejection and sweep, are the key events governing the exchanges of air and pollutant of street canyon. Air exchange rate (ACH) along the roof level is dominated by turbulent transport, in particular over narrow street canyons. The LES results show that both the turbulence level and ACH increase with increasing aerodynamic resistance defined in term of the Fanning friction factor. At the same AR, BHV greatly increases the friction factor and the ACH in dense built areas (AR DOI: 10.5353/th_b5270547 Subjects: Air - Pollution - Mathematical models Eddies - Mathematical models
