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An Improved Model Of Cryogenic Propellant Stratification In A Rotating Reduced Gravity Environment
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Book Synopsis An Improved Model of Cryogenic Propellant Stratification in a Rotating, Reduced Gravity Environment by : Justin Oliveira
Download or read book An Improved Model of Cryogenic Propellant Stratification in a Rotating, Reduced Gravity Environment written by Justin Oliveira and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper builds on a series of analytical literature models used to predict thermal stratification within rocket propellant tanks. The primary contribution to the literature is to add the effect of tank rotation and to demonstrate the influence of rotation on stratification times and temperatures. This work also looks levels of thermal stratification for generic propellant tanks (cylindrical shapes) over a parametric range of upper-stage coast times, heating levels, rotation rates, and gravity levels.
Book Synopsis Improved Modeling of Cryogenic Propellant Stratification and the Impact of Isogrid Roughness by : Justin Matthew Oliveira
Download or read book Improved Modeling of Cryogenic Propellant Stratification and the Impact of Isogrid Roughness written by Justin Matthew Oliveira and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization based upon Experiments and Numerical Simulations by : Carina Ludwig
Download or read book Analysis of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization based upon Experiments and Numerical Simulations written by Carina Ludwig and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focus of this study is the pressurization system of a cryogenic liquid propellant tank for the launcher application. Objective of the pressurization system is to provide the required pressure evolution in the propellant tank for a proper operation of the engine. The motivation of this study is an improved understanding of the complex fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic phenomena during the active-pressurization process of cryogenic propellants in order to optimize the on-board pressurant gas mass. Therefore ground experiments, numerical simulations and analytical considerations were performed for the investigation of the initial active-pressurization phase. For the performed experiments, liquid nitrogen was used as cryogenic model propellant, which was actively pressurized under normal gravity conditions up to different final tank pressures. As pressurant gases, gaseous nitrogen and gaseous helium were used with different inlet temperatures. For the numerical analyses the commercial CFD program Flow-3D, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation solver, was used.
Book Synopsis Sloshing of Cryogenic Liquids in a Cylindrical Tank under normal Gravity Conditions by : Tim Arndt
Download or read book Sloshing of Cryogenic Liquids in a Cylindrical Tank under normal Gravity Conditions written by Tim Arndt and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particularly in the upper stage development of rockets (launchers), gravity dominated fluid motion in upper stage tanks (sloshing) during flight represents an undesired dynamic effect. On the one hand the sloshing forces lead to disturbances, which have to be compensated by the reaction control system. On the other hand, when cryogenic fluids are considered, the fluctuations in tank pressure may be critical under some circumstances compromising the structural stability of the tank. In this field, the utilization of cryogenic propellants represents a high challenge to layout and design of the propulsion components including the propellant tanks. This work deals with two effects that are directly coupled to the sloshing content inside the propellant tank. To investigate these effects a dedicated test setup has been developed. At first, the damping characteristics of sloshing cryogenic nitrogen - which is used as a substitute for the rocket propellants liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen - are determined. The results are correlated to the theory based on storable propellants. The main part of this work is linked to a characteristic pressure drop inside the propellant tank caused by the sloshing liquid. For the effect to occur, the tank must be pressurized to enable the formation of a thermal stratification below the liquid surface. Sloshing leads to the mixing of liquid in this region with subcooled liquid from the bulk. This affects the decrease of the temperature at the free surface leading to the condensation of superheated vapor. Thus, the pressure in the tank must decreases. Three different pressurization concepts are introduced in this work; self-pressurization where the tank is pressurized by evaporating liquid caused by the heat flowing into the tank. Furthermore, the tank is pressurized with gaseous nitrogen taken from an external gas bottle and at last gaseous helium from an external supply is used for pressurization purpose. By the application of helium as non-condensable gas, a significant reduction of the pressure drop is expected. The experimental results confirm this working hypothesis and therefore support the theoretical considerations described by an approach of Das & Hopfinger. All results are presented in a non-dimensional form to allow the comparison to data from the literature. Furthermore, the upscaling of the current results enables the prediction for future cryogenic upper stages such as the ESC-B for the European space launcher Ariane 5.
Book Synopsis Effect of Roughness Elements on the Evolution of Thermal Stratification in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank by : S.B. Vishnu
Download or read book Effect of Roughness Elements on the Evolution of Thermal Stratification in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank written by S.B. Vishnu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryogenic propulsion era started with the use of liquid rockets. These rocket engines use propellants in liquid form with reasonably high density, allowing reduced tank size with a high mass ratio. Cryogenic engines are designed for liquid fuels that have to be held in liquid form at cryogenic temperature and gas at normal temperatures. Since propellants are stored at their boiling temperature or subcooled condition, minimal heat infiltration itself causes thermal stratification and self-pressurization. Due to stratification, the state of propellant inside the tank varies, and it is essential to keep the propellant properties in a predefined state for restarting the cryogenic engine after the coast phase. The propellant,Äôs condition at the inlet of the propellant feed system or turbo pump must fall within a narrow range. If the inlet temperature is above the cavitation value, cavitation will likely to happen to result in the probable destruction of the flight vehicle. The present work aims to find an effective method to reduce the stratification phenomenon in a cryogenic storage tank. From previous studies, it is observed that the shape of the inner wall surface of the storage tank plays an essential role in the development of the stratified layer. A CFD model is established to predict the rate of self-pressurization in a liquid hydrogen container. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to predict the liquid,Äìvapor interface movement, and the Lee phase change model is adopted for evaporation and condensation calculations. A detailed study has been conducted on a cylindrical storage tank with an iso grid and rib structure. The development of the stratified layer in the presence of iso grid and ribs are entirely different. The buoyancy-driven free convection flow over iso grid structure result in velocity and temperature profile that differs significantly from a smooth wall case. The thermal boundary layer was always more significant for iso grid type obstruction, and these obstructions induces streamline deflection and recirculation zones, which enhances heat transfer to bulk liquid. A larger self-pressurization rate is observed for tanks with an iso grid structure. The presence of ribs results in the reduction of upward buoyancy flow near the tank surface, whereas streamline deflection and recirculation zones were also perceptible. As the number of ribs increases, it nullifies the effect of the formation of recirculation zones. Finally, a maximum reduction of 32.89% in the self-pressurization rate is achieved with the incorporation of the rib structure in the tank wall.
Book Synopsis Simulation and Prediction of Magnetic Cryogenic Propellant Positioning in Reduced Gravity by : Jeff G. Marchetta
Download or read book Simulation and Prediction of Magnetic Cryogenic Propellant Positioning in Reduced Gravity written by Jeff G. Marchetta and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling of Cryogenic Sloshing Including Heat and Mass Transfer by : Arnold van Foreest
Download or read book Modeling of Cryogenic Sloshing Including Heat and Mass Transfer written by Arnold van Foreest and published by Cuvillier. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sloshing of cryogenic liquid propellants in launch vehicle tanks creates unwanted thermodynamic side-effects such as pressure changes in the tank. The goal of this PhD research was to develop a practical engineering model which is able to describe the influence of the sloshing of a cryogenic liquid on the heat and mass transfer and the associated temperature and pressure. The pressure changes caused by sloshing were investigated experimentally and numerically. Using the experimental and numerical results, a one dimensional (1D) engineering model was developed which is able to describe the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Simulation of Bulk Evaporation and Condensation in Cryogenic Propellant Tanks Using the Energy of Fluid Method by : Elijah Gasmen
Download or read book Simulation of Bulk Evaporation and Condensation in Cryogenic Propellant Tanks Using the Energy of Fluid Method written by Elijah Gasmen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of cryogenic propellant storage systems for long duration space missions relies on accurate prediction of tank self-pressurization. Incident solar radiation heats the cryogenic liquids in the tank over time, vaporizing the cryogenic liquid. As the liquid vaporizes, the tank pressure increases. The objective of the current research is to develop a finite volume based Compuational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model of tank pressurization in reduced gravity using an Energy of Fluid (EOF) method. A commercially available CFD model is significantly enhanced to include the EOF method, which will solve the energy equation in terms of internal energy. Model validation results are presented which include a comparison of temperature and pressure predictions to the data collected during the terrestrial experiments performed by Aydelott and the low gravity experiment conducted onboard the Saturn IB AS203 tank.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large Space Structures & Systems in the Space Station Era by :
Download or read book Large Space Structures & Systems in the Space Station Era written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems by : Jason William Hartwig
Download or read book Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems written by Jason William Hartwig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-21 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems discusses the importance of reliable cryogenic systems, a pivotal part of everything from engine propulsion to fuel deposits. As some of the most efficient systems involve advanced cryogenic fluid management systems that present challenging issues, the book tackles issues such as the difficulty in obtaining data, the lack of quality data and models, and the complexity in trying to model these systems. The book presents models and experimental data based on rare and hard-to-obtain cryogenic data. Through clear descriptions of practical data and models, readers will explore the development of robust and flexible liquid acquisition devices (LAD) through component-level and full-scale ground experiments, as well as analytical tools. This book presents new and rare experimental data, as well as analytical models, in a fundamental area to the aerospace and space-flight communities. With this data, the reader can consider new and improved ways to design, analyze, and build expensive flight systems. Presents a definitive reference for design ideas, analysis tools, and performance data on cryogenic liquid acquisition devices Provides historical perspectives to present fundamental design models and performance data, which are applied to two practical examples throughout the book Describes a series of models to optimize liquid acquisition device performance, which are confirmed through a variety of parametric component level tests Includes video clips of experiments on a companion website
Book Synopsis Large Space Structures & Systems in the Space Station Era by :
Download or read book Large Space Structures & Systems in the Space Station Era written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA SP. written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates by : Bernard Fox
Download or read book Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates written by Bernard Fox and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction / 2. Space system fundamentals / 3. Reviewing a cost estimate / 4. Space vehicle cost crosschecks / 5. Common issues in estimating space programs / 6. Resources for space system cost estimation / 7. Recommendations.
Book Synopsis Technology of Liquid Helium by : Richard H. Kropschot
Download or read book Technology of Liquid Helium written by Richard H. Kropschot and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
