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An Experimental Investigation Of The Structure Of A Turbulent Wind Over Water Waves
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Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of the Structure of a Turbulent Wind Over Water Waves by : Susumu Karaki
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Structure of a Turbulent Wind Over Water Waves written by Susumu Karaki and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation presents experimental results from a study of the structure of a turbulent boundary layer developed by air flow over water waves in a lab wind-wave channel. It was demonstrated that the sheared flow region is two-layered, similar to rough wall boundary layers. The inner layer, adjacent to the wall, is describable by the 'law of the wall' and the outer flow by the 'defect law.' The data were taken in two-dimensional flow with small favorable pressure gradients. The first part of the two-part investigation involved air flow over an initially still water surface on which waves developed in response to wind excitation. In the second part, air was passed over water waves of a single frequency and varied amplitude. The results indicated that within the range of this study the water surface can be classed as aerodynamically rough at wind speeds greater than 12 fps and the flow structure of the boundary layer corresponds to that over a rough wall. The velocity decrement due to surface roughness is shown to be a function of the local root-mean-square wave height. The effect of wave-induced fluctuations in the air is limited to a very close neighborhood of the wavy surface. For the specific combination of wind and wave speeds of this study it was found that while the amplitudes of the horizontal components of the fluctuation decreased with increasing elevation, the vertical component increased. (Author).
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigtion of the Structure of a Turbulent Wind Over Water Waves by : Susumu Karaki
Download or read book An Experimental Investigtion of the Structure of a Turbulent Wind Over Water Waves written by Susumu Karaki and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind-Over-Wave Couplings by : S. G. Sajjadi
Download or read book Wind-Over-Wave Couplings written by S. G. Sajjadi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-04-29 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most familiar phenomena on the planet, water waves remain an elusive question for science. The way in which wind blows over water and causes waves is a very active area of research for applied mathematicians, as well as for oceanographers and engineers. The basic mechanisms are still a matter of controversy, although the use of modern techniques of asymptotic and non-linear analysis and large-scale computation, as well as experimental structures, are beginning to reveal the underlying mechanics. These studies are resulting in increasingly powerful methods of forecasting waves and of gauging and controlling their effects on such things as sediment, pollution, and offshore structures. This volume covers the wide range of current research on the relationship between wind and waves and includes contributions from many of the leading authorities in the field.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of the Near Surface Flow Structure Over Wind-sheared Water Surface by : Nasiruddin Shaikh
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Near Surface Flow Structure Over Wind-sheared Water Surface written by Nasiruddin Shaikh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of airside flow structure and its interaction with water at the air-water interface is important in order to understand the exchange of momentum, heat and mass fluxes between the two mediums. The present dissertation deals with the quantitative investigation of the near-surface flow above wind-sheared water surface through a series of laboratory experiments conducted over a wind speed range of 1.5 m s -1 to 4.4 m s-1 and at a fetch of 2.1 m. The two-dimensional velocity fields were measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). To compare the airflow structure over the water surface with that over solid wall, the measurements were also made over the smooth and wavy walls at the same location, under identical conditions. The results show a reduction in the mean velocity magnitudes and the tangential stresses when gravity waves appear on the water surface. An enhanced vorticity layer was observed immediately above the water surface that extended to a height of approximately two times of the significant wave height. A novel approach is used to separate the wave-induced component from the instantaneous velocity fields. The flow structure was analyzed as a function of wave phase. The phase-averaged profiles of wave-induced velocity, vorticity and Reynolds stress showed different behaviour on the windward and leeward sides of the wave in the near-surface region. The results also show that the turbulent Reynolds stress mainly supports downward momentum transfer whereas the wave-induced Reynolds stress is responsible for the upward momentum transfer from wave to wind. This dissertation also provides first quantitative comparison of the mean, wave-induced and turbulent properties for the separated and non-separated flows over wind generated water waves. The maximum difference between the flow characteristics of the separated and non-separated flows is observed on the leeward side, within core of the separation region, where, higher magnitudes of the vorticity and turbulent properties were observed, indicating that the turbulence is significantly enhanced within the separation region. The comparison of the flow over smooth and wavy water and solid surfaces showed that although the trends in profiles over water and solid surfaces are mostly similar, the relative magnitudes of turbulent properties and their level of enhancement towards the surface are different over water and solid surfaces. Thus, the models for the flow over solid surfaces may not accurately predict the flow properties over the water surface especially in the near-surface region.
Book Synopsis The Structure of Turbulent and Wave-induced Wind Fields Over Open-ocean Waves by : Scott Dennis Miller
Download or read book The Structure of Turbulent and Wave-induced Wind Fields Over Open-ocean Waves written by Scott Dennis Miller and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winds Over Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Wind in the Vicinity of Progressive Water Waves by : Omar H. Shemdin
Download or read book The Dynamics of Wind in the Vicinity of Progressive Water Waves written by Omar H. Shemdin and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a fundamental study of the dynamics of wind in the vicinity of progressive water waves. The normal pressure distribution and the structure of the velocity profile immediately shows progressive water waves are investigated. The theory of Miles (1957) on the generation of surface waves by shear flows predicts a phase shift between the pressure distribution along a wavy surface and the wave itself. This shift becomes responsible for the transfer of energy from air to water due to normal pressure, thereby causing the waves to grow. An experimental verification of this theory is sought. The aerodynamic perturbation-pressure at the air-water interface was measured under two conditions: (1) the pressure sensor following the water surface and (2) the pressure sensor fixed in space above the crest. The results indicate that a pressure shift does exist as predicted by Miles within the assumptions of the theory. Furthermore, the results demonstrate clearly the importance of using a pressure sensor which follows the water surface in obtaining meaningful pressures at the air-water interface. The boundary layer above the water surface was also investigated and the results correlated with the measured pressures. Mean velocity profiles with and without mechanically-generated waves as well as instantaneous velocity profiles above the crest and trough of a mechanically-generated wave were obtained. Contrary to what is normally assumed, the results indicate that there exists a difference in structure between the boundary layer in the vicinity of water waves and that along a flat plate.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Turbulent Layer in the Water at an Air-water Interface by : Tak Kee Cheung
Download or read book A Study of the Turbulent Layer in the Water at an Air-water Interface written by Tak Kee Cheung and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because global weather and ocean circulations are driven by energy transfers across the atmosphere-ocean interface, studies of it remain at the forefront of research in atmospheric sciences and oceanography. This experimental program was undertaken with the goal of learning how the energy, which is transferred from the wind, is distributed among the mean, wave, and turbulent flow fields in the water. Model test results show that the waves affect the mean flow, but the mean velocity profiles show logarithmic behavior. The wave field generally agrees with the prediction of a linear water-wave theory. In the wind-wave experiments, the turbulent quantities behave similar to those in flows over flat plates. In the mechanical-wave experiments, the turbulent quantities have different trends from those of the wind-wave cases, which suggests possible weak wave-related turbulence. The mean wave-induced shear stress is negative, which implies that the waves augment the mean flow. Thus, the waves can also transfer energy indirectly to turbulence via the mean flow. The turbulent field draws it energy from the mean flow through the mean turbulent shear stress and from the wave field via the wave-induced turbulent stresses. Keywords include: Ocean surface; and Laser doppler anemometer.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of Wind-wave Interactions by : Richard Ives Hires
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Wind-wave Interactions written by Richard Ives Hires and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was made to determine the ratio of the wave-supported shear stress, phi sub w; to the total shear stress on the water surface, phi sub o. The experimental conditions were designed to correspond to those required for the application of the viscous shear flow theory of wave generation proposed by Brooke Benjamin (1959) and Miles (1962b). The experiments were performed in a wind-wave tunnel, 48 x 3-1/2 x 2 feet, with a mean water depth of 1-1/2 feet. The wind in the 6 in. air space above the water was fully-developed turbulent channel flow. The mean center-line wind speed, U sub xi, was kept constant at 1.20 m/s during all measurements made with the wind blowing over the water. An artificially generated, single-component, wave train of small amplitude provided a known, initial perturbation of the water surface with which the wind could interact. The range of wave frequencies investigated was from 4.0 to 5.2 cps. Wave measurements were made with capacitance wave probes, wind measurements with hot-wire anemometers. (Author).
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Conference on Water Waves: Theory and Experiment, Howard University, USA, 13-18 May 2008 by : M. F. Mahmood
Download or read book Proceedings of the Conference on Water Waves: Theory and Experiment, Howard University, USA, 13-18 May 2008 written by M. F. Mahmood and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to introduce new researchers to the rich dynamical system of water waves, and to show how (some) abstract mathematical concepts can be applied fruitfully in a practical physical problem and to make the connection between theory and experiment. It provides a coherent set of lectures on the current status of water wave theory, including identification of some open problems.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Structure of Turbulence Over Water Surface Waves by : Donald J. Portman
Download or read book An Investigation of the Structure of Turbulence Over Water Surface Waves written by Donald J. Portman and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind velocity components and air temperature fluctuations were measured within a few meters above lake and ocean waves to study the influence of waves on the three-dimensional structure of turbulence and the vertical fluxes of momentum and sensible heat. Analyses were made primarily in terms of variances, covariances, spectrum and cross-spectrum functions and joint probability distribution functions of the measured variables. The report summarizes the methods of measurement and data processing used and gives fourteen abstracts of reports, theses and papers resulting from the investigation. It lists, also, twenty periods of measurement, made during BOMEX, data from which are to be placed in the BOMEX Permanent Archive. (Author).
Book Synopsis Laboratory Study of Wind Waves in Shallow Water by : Osvald Sibul
Download or read book Laboratory Study of Wind Waves in Shallow Water written by Osvald Sibul and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of Wind-generated Waves by : Joe William Johnson
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Wind-generated Waves written by Joe William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of Development of Wind Waves by : Tokuichi Hamada
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Development of Wind Waves written by Tokuichi Hamada and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Stress Over Water by : William G. Van Dorn
Download or read book Wind Stress Over Water written by William G. Van Dorn and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances In Wave Turbulence by : Victor Shrira
Download or read book Advances In Wave Turbulence written by Victor Shrira and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-05-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave or weak turbulence is a branch of science concerned with the evolution of random wave fields of all kinds and on all scales, from waves in galaxies to capillary waves on water surface, from waves in nonlinear optics to quantum fluids. In spite of the enormous diversity of wave fields in nature, there is a common conceptual and mathematical core which allows to describe the processes of random wave interactions within the same conceptual paradigm, and in the same language. The development of this core and its links with the applications is the essence of wave turbulence science (WT) which is an established integral part of nonlinear science.The book comprising seven reviews aims at discussing new challenges in WT and perspectives of its development. A special emphasis is made upon the links between the theory and experiment. Each of the reviews is devoted to a particular field of application (there is no overlap), or a novel approach or idea. The reviews cover a variety of applications of WT, including water waves, optical fibers, WT experiments on a metal plate and observations of astrophysical WT.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Strong Turbulence Over Water Waves by :
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Strong Turbulence Over Water Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently a viscoelastic turbulence closure model, based on that of Townsend (1976), for wind-wave interactions by turbulent wind has been proposed by Sajjadi (2001). In that work, the governing equations of mean and turbulence were linearized and solved analytically using an asymptotic method. In this work the equations derived by Sajjadi were solved numerically for the cases of strong turbulence due to wind over surface of a monochromatic water wave. Vortex shedding has been observed at high wind velocities. Also, a layer of vortices separating the main flow of wind from the water surface was observed from the results for high velocities of wind. A finite difference scheme was devised which is second order accurate. The results were compared with another scheme based on the method of superposition coupled with orthonormalization by Scott andWatts (1977). The two schemes agree reasonably well for high velocities while they differ for low velocities. Two test cases were implemented to test the finite difference scheme. The tests show that the finite difference scheme predicts accurate solutions for inhomogeneous equations, while it fails to capture the accurate solution if a non trivial solution exists for homogeneous equations. This is attributed as the reason for the difference in the results.
