Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
An Experimental Investigation Into The Effect Of No2 And Temperature On The Passive Oxidation And Active Regeneration Of Particulate Matter In A Diesel Particulate Filter
Download An Experimental Investigation Into The Effect Of No2 And Temperature On The Passive Oxidation And Active Regeneration Of Particulate Matter In A Diesel Particulate Filter full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online An Experimental Investigation Into The Effect Of No2 And Temperature On The Passive Oxidation And Active Regeneration Of Particulate Matter In A Diesel Particulate Filter ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER by :
Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this study the oxidation of particulate matter (PM) retained in a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is investigated to understand the kinetics of PM oxidation. Seven passive oxidation and four active regeneration experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB 2013 280 hp engine and the production aftertreatment system adapted to a lab setup, in order to study the NO2 assisted and thermal oxidation of the PM retained in the CPF. The CPF was loaded with PM produced by the engine and the PM was then oxidized in the CPF under various Passive Oxidation (PO) and Active Regeneration (AR) conditions. First, the engine was operated at an engine condition that produced PM at a greater rate than the production setting, in order to load the CPF to 3.0±0.4 g/L in a suitable time of 6 hours. To study the NO2 assisted oxidation, exhaust at pre-determined engine conditions with low PM concentration (2 concentration and temperature was flowed through the CPF. During the PO testing, the exhaust temperature into the CPF varied from 299 - 385°C, the NO2 concentration varied between 137 - 1013 ppm and the exhaust mass flowrate varied between 3.63 - 12.0 kg/min. Thermal oxidation was studied by operating the engine at a specific condition where the exhaust at the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) inlet was at a higher temperature than the light-off temperature of hydrocarbon oxidation in the DOC (300 °C). Late combustion cycle fuel dosing was performed and the hydrocarbons in the dosed fuel were oxidized across the DOC. This created an exotherm and raised the exhaust temperature into the CPF to the required value between 498 - 575°C to oxidize the PM retained in the CPF at the end of loading, by reaction with O2. The O2 concentration into the CPF varied between 8.17 to 9.03%. It was found that the NO2 assisted kinetics could be represented using the standard Arrhenius equation. The activation energy obtained using the standard Arrhenius model, is 94 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 25.5 1/ppm/s. The thermal oxidation reaction rate could be similarly represented using the O2 concentration and temperature over the range of conditions studied. The activation energy for thermal oxidation was found to be 136 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 3.56 1/ppm/s. It was found that for two of the passive oxidation tests, the reaction rates were higher than that predicted using the Arrhenius representation. The Loading Engine Condition also showed higher reaction kinetics than the NO2assisted kinetics. The engine and exhaust conditions as well as reaction rates obtained as part of this study are intended to be compared to the corresponding values obtained for a SCR-in-DPF substrate that is currently being studied at Michigan Tech as the next phase of study. The purpose of this comparison is to understand the difference in performance of both aftertreatment systems in light of their respective weights and volumes. The data obtained during this study is also being used to calibrate the 1-D CPF model at MTU. An introduction to the model is provided in this thesis, and the important variables of the study that are also used for model calibration are presented in the appropriate sections.
Book Synopsis AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO NO2 ASSISTED PASSIVE OXIDATION WITH AND WITHOUT UREA DOSING AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF by :
Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO NO2 ASSISTED PASSIVE OXIDATION WITH AND WITHOUT UREA DOSING AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DPF written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this study, the combination of a DPF and SCR catalyst technology together on a single substrate was investigated for both loading and oxidation performance. Johnson Matthey together with Corning have developed the latest in diesel aftertreatment technologies with the SCRF®. To test the steady state oxidation performance of the pre-production system, a series of fourteen NO2 assisted passive oxidation (PO) tests (seven with urea injection, and seven without) and four active regeneration tests were performed on a 2013 Cummins ISB engine. The aftertreatment production system was modified to allow for experimental investigation into passive oxidation with and without urea dosing and active regeneration of particulate matter for a SCR on a DPF. The primary focus of this study was to carry out passive oxidation (with and without urea dosing), active regeneration and to measure species concentrations, PM mass retained, flowrates, substrate temperature distributions, pressure drop across the filter, and to determine the PM oxidation performance of the SCRF® and compare it to the baseline system. The data from this study will be used in the development and calibration of the MTU SCR-F model. The passive oxidation performance of the SCRF® was experimentally studied by oxidizing the accumulated PM at five distinct engine and exhaust conditions. These conditions were intended to span a wide range of standard space velocities (10.3-38.2 k/hr), substrate temperatures (273-377°C), and NO2 concentrations (117-821 ppm). The tests were repeated, once with and once without the injection of urea in the form of diesel exhaust fluid. Urea dosing was performed at a target ammonia to NOx ratio of 1.0 to investigate both the NOx reduction performance, as well as the effect it has on the PM passive oxidation performance. Each test began with an accelerated loading stage designed to accumulate 1.7±0.4 g/L. The two loading stages and the two post oxidation stages were intended not only to accumulate particulate matter for the passive oxidation stage, but also to characterize the difference to the production system. The study found that the SCRF® was able to achieve 88-99% reduction in NOx with urea for the steady state PO conditions studied and there was 51% lower PM reaction rates, and 60% lower rate constants k, compared to without urea injection. The thermal oxidation performance was studied by investigating three different active regeneration tests points above 500°C where the contribution of NO2 assisted oxidation was less than 10% based on other studies. The different target inlet temperatures 500°C, 550°C and 600°C were achieved through in cylinder post fuel dosing. From the conclusions of the study, it was found that the PM loading performance of the SCRF® was very similar to the production CPF, but resulted in a higher pressure drop across the filter. The PM passive oxidation performance of the system was significantly affected (51% lower reaction rates and 60% lower rate constants) by the injection of urea during the passive oxidation stage. The kinetics of PM passive oxidation using the standard Arrhenius model resulted in an activation energy of 99.2 kJ/gmol and pre exponential factor of 113.7 1/ppm/s without urea injection. Likewise, the kinetics of PM passive oxidation with urea dosing had an activation energy of 96.2 kJ/gmol and pre exponential factor of 23.1 1/ppm/s. Finally the kinetics of thermal oxidation were found to have an activation energy of 211.5 kJ/gmol and 2.52E+05 1/ppm/s for the pre exponential factor.
Book Synopsis Effect of Particulate Matter and Exhaust Gas Composition on Diesel Particulate Filter Regenration by : Amy E. Fischer
Download or read book Effect of Particulate Matter and Exhaust Gas Composition on Diesel Particulate Filter Regenration written by Amy E. Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxidation of Particulate Matter by NO2 by : Laura Batchellí Gibert
Download or read book Oxidation of Particulate Matter by NO2 written by Laura Batchellí Gibert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road transportation is one of the largest contributors to air pollution, large efforts have been made to limit automobile emissions. Most of the pollutants from car emissions come from incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine. This work is focused on particulate matter (PM) which is formed from small graphite structures in the combustion chamber at high pressure. Particulate matter has a lot of negative effects, regarding both health and environment. That's why specific filters for this kind of pollutant have been developed and commercialized: the so called Diesel Particulate Filters. The challenging step in these filters is the regeneration step which consists on burning the soot that is trapped in the filter. One solution to get rid of this soot is the oxidation by NO2. In order to get a better understanding of the oxidation of particulate matter by NO2, Temperature Programmed Oxidations (TPO) and Isothermal Oxidations needed to be performed with NO2 with O2 in addition or in absence. The experiments were conducted in a gas flow reactor tube using Printex U as a model carbon for PM. After the reactor, different analyzers measured the outlet concentrations of each gas. CO and CO2 concentrations were measured by non‐dispersive infrared analyzers and the NOX measurements were analyzed by a chemiluminescense analyzer. Heat and mass transfer were checked in the reactor and was found that the experimental conditions have to be carefully selected in order to study the kinetics of PM oxidation by NO2. NO2 depletion and NOX equilibrium were studied and taken into account in order to interpret the results accurately. Oxygen has clearly an enhancing effect on oxidation by NO2 which cannot fully be explained by reoxidation of NO. The estimation of activation energy requires isothermal experiments at high NO2 concentrations, where the NO2 depletion could be neglected. The estimated values for activation found are 45 kJ/mol for CO and 70 kJ/mol for CO2. It is seen that the variation of the reaction order with respect to NO2 in a range from 0.5 to 2 have an influence on the activation energyvalues.
Book Synopsis Effect of Active and Passive Regeneration Techniques for Diesel Particulate Filters on NOx and PM Emissions by : Chad Edward Crosbie
Download or read book Effect of Active and Passive Regeneration Techniques for Diesel Particulate Filters on NOx and PM Emissions written by Chad Edward Crosbie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Particulate Matter Composition on Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Filtration and Regeneration on a Steady State Research Diesel Engine by : Matthew Bohm
Download or read book Impact of Particulate Matter Composition on Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Filtration and Regeneration on a Steady State Research Diesel Engine written by Matthew Bohm and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Advanced Catalyzed Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Upstream of an Oxidation Catalyst by : Paramjot Singh
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Advanced Catalyzed Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Upstream of an Oxidation Catalyst written by Paramjot Singh and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Passive Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters by :
Download or read book Passive Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Diesel Engines by : Klaus Mollenhauer
Download or read book Handbook of Diesel Engines written by Klaus Mollenhauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This machine is destined to completely revolutionize cylinder diesel engine up through large low speed t- engine engineering and replace everything that exists. stroke diesel engines. An appendix lists the most (From Rudolf Diesel’s letter of October 2, 1892 to the important standards and regulations for diesel engines. publisher Julius Springer. ) Further development of diesel engines as economiz- Although Diesel’s stated goal has never been fully ing, clean, powerful and convenient drives for road and achievable of course, the diesel engine indeed revolu- nonroad use has proceeded quite dynamically in the tionized drive systems. This handbook documents the last twenty years in particular. In light of limited oil current state of diesel engine engineering and technol- reserves and the discussion of predicted climate ogy. The impetus to publish a Handbook of Diesel change, development work continues to concentrate Engines grew out of ruminations on Rudolf Diesel’s on reducing fuel consumption and utilizing alternative transformation of his idea for a rational heat engine fuels while keeping exhaust as clean as possible as well into reality more than 100 years ago. Once the patent as further increasing diesel engine power density and was filed in 1892 and work on his engine commenced enhancing operating performance.
Book Synopsis Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994-2001 by : John H Johnson
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994-2001 written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-02-20 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst-catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on Its Performance by : Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala
Download or read book An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst-catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on Its Performance written by Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of Particulate Thermal Oxidation in a Catalyzed Filter During Active Regeneration by : Krishna Pradeep Chilumukuru
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Particulate Thermal Oxidation in a Catalyzed Filter During Active Regeneration written by Krishna Pradeep Chilumukuru and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Filtration and Regeneration Mechanisms in Diesel Particulate Filters Influence on Filter Performance by : Niklas M. Schmidt
Download or read book Filtration and Regeneration Mechanisms in Diesel Particulate Filters Influence on Filter Performance written by Niklas M. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Lubricant Derived Ash on the Catalytic Activity of Diesel Particulate Filters by : Timothy Quinn Murray
Download or read book The Effect of Lubricant Derived Ash on the Catalytic Activity of Diesel Particulate Filters written by Timothy Quinn Murray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is an aftertreatment device used to remove hazardous particulate matter (PM) from diesel engine exhaust. Modem emission restrictions have limited the acceptable amount of PM output by diesel engines to the extent that a filtration strategy, such as the use of a DPF, is necessary. Diesel PM is comprised primarily by black carbon soot. Once trapped in the filter, the soot can be oxidized into CO2 and pass out of the exhaust system during what is referred to as regeneration. Metallic lubricant additive derived compounds, which make up a small fraction of PM, cannot be oxidized and remain inside the DPF until regular maintenance calls for the removal and cleaning of the filter. The buildup of ash increases the pressure drop across the filter, resulting in a direct fuel penalty to the engine. The oxidation of soot can be carried out actively at high temperatures or passively at low temperatures with the aid of a catalyst. Active regeneration requires more energy than passive regeneration because the stream of exhaust gas must be heated to a higher temperature. However, catalysts are expensive, and therefore there is a significant additional capital cost associated with catalyzed filters. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of ash accumulation on the catalytic activity of DPFs. The impact was measured experimentally by comparing the ability of two ash loaded DPF samples to promote several chemical reactions (most importantly soot oxidation) to the ability of a previously unused (clean) filter. It was shown that ash accumulation results in a loss in the catalytic activity of a DPF, as evidenced by a reduced capacity to generate NO2, and promote the catalyzed passive oxidation of soot. Reduced soot oxidation performance will result in faster accumulation of soot, which increases the pressure drop across the filter and necessitates more frequent regenerations. Both of these results will negatively impact fuel economy.
Book Synopsis Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration with an External Burner by : Kenneth Michael Follen
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration with an External Burner written by Kenneth Michael Follen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Particulate matter has been identified by health agencies as a health risk and suspected of causing acute and chronic damage to the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Since diesel engines are well known for their soot production, legislation has been adopted to regulate the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. As these emissions standards become increasingly stringent, new methods of emission control become necessary. Of the options currently available, particulate filters appear to be the most promising solution to meet and exceed these emission standards. Particulate traps have been shown to successfully filter out up to 90 % of particulate matter. However, as particulate traps filter particulate matter they become filled, resulting in an increase in the exhaust back pressure. To alleviate this increase in pressure, the filter must be regenerated, i.e. the particulate matter must be ignited and burned away leaving a clean trap. Of the current regeneration methods, active regeneration via an external burner is one of the more robust methods. The scope of this work is to design a fuel-fired heater for the purpose of supplying sufficient quantities of heat to elevate the exhaust temperature to the point at which diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration will occur. As a precursor to the design, an in-depth literature review on the current state of the art, as well as calculations of the design.
Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER by :
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The heavy-duty diesel engines use a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (CPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea injection and a Ammonia Oxidation Catalyst (AMOX), to meet the US EPA 2010/2013 particulate matter (PM) and NOx emission standards. However, it is not possible to achieve the 2015 California low NOx standards with this arrangement. Hence, there is a need to improve the existing aftertreatment system. This can be achieved by coating the SCR catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF), thus combining the PM filtration and NOx reduction functionality into a single device. This reduces the overall volume/weight of the system and provides opportunity for packaging flexibility and improved thermal management along with the possibility of higher NOx reduction with a downstream SCR system. The SCR catalyst on a DPF used in this study is known as a SCRF℗ʼ which was supplied by Johnson Matthey and Corning. Previous research on the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ at MTU highlighted that the reactivity of PM retained in the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ is higher during loading conditions compared to passive oxidation conditions i.e. when the flow rate of PM entering the CPF or SCRF℗ʼ is higher in loading conditions compared to the low flow rate and higher PM reaction rate during passive oxidation conditions. A 2013 Cummins ISB engine with a DOC-SCRF℗ʼ arrangement was used to perform twelve tests (eight tests without urea injection and four tests with urea injection) in order to determine the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ under loading conditions with and without urea injection. The primary focus of this study was to carry out Loading Tests with and without Urea injection and measure species concentrations, PM mass retained, exhaust flowrates, substrate temperature distributions, pressure drop across the filter, and to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted PM oxidation under loading conditions and compare it with kinetics under passive oxidation conditions. The NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ was experimentally studied by running the engine at 2400 RPM and four different loads at nominal and reduced rail pressure for 5.5 hours in two stages of loading. These conditions were intended to span the SCRF℗ʼ inlet temperatures in the range of 264-364oC and inlet NO2 concentrations in the range of 52-120 ppm. Four conditions out of these eight conditions were repeated with the injection of urea in the form of diesel exhaust fluid at a target ammonia to NOx ratio of 1.0 to investigate both the NOx reduction performance, as well as the effect of urea on the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance. From the conclusions of the study based on the experimental data, it was found that the cumulative percentage of PM oxidized in the SCRF℗ʼ increases with the increase in engine load due to higher SCRF℗ʼ temperatures and NO2 concentrations. On average, the reactions rates with urea injection during loading conditions in the SCRF℗ʼ are 25% lower compared to the reaction rates without urea injection. The reactivity of PM under loading conditions with and without urea injection is higher compared to the reactivity of PM under passive oxidation with and without urea injection. For a lumped PM oxidation model, a higher pre-exponential for NO2 assisted oxidation is needed for loading as compared to passive oxidation conditions. It was not possible to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted oxidation of PM under loading conditions from the experimental data using a standard Arrhenius model which lead to the development of a different model for PM oxidation. A PM oxidation model was developed based on the shrinking core model which keeps the identity of the incoming PM masses in the SCRF℗ʼ as compared to SCR-F model being developed at MTU which is lumped model for PM oxidation. The PM oxidation model was calibrated to simulate PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ with a single set of kinetics under wide range of conditions including loading and passive oxidation conditions. The reaction rate results from the PM oxidation model were then applied to the SCR-F model to simulate the pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ and the PM retained in the SCRF℗ʼ for the loading conditions used in this study. The SCR-F model was calibrated using experimental data from Loading Tests w/o Urea to simulate the PM retained within ℗ł2 g and pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ within ℗ł0.5 kPa of the experimental data at the end of the test. The calibrated SCR-F model was also used to estimate the cake, wall and channel pressure drop and the PM retained in the cake and wall for the Loading Tests w/o Urea to check the integrity of experimental data and the consistency of the model. The NO2 assisted kinetics for PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ without urea injection using the SCR-F model resulted in an activation energy of 96 kJ/gmol and pre-exponential factor of 2.6 m/K-s for the cake and 1.8 m/K-s for the wall. An analysis of the results from the SCR-F model suggests that for all the conditions, 84-92% of the total PM retained was in the PM cake layer and the oxidation in the PM cake layer accounted for 72-84% of the total PM mass oxidized during loading.
Book Synopsis Study on Low Temperature Oxidation of Diesel Particulate Matters by Oxygen Storage Component for the Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter by : Kenji Suzuki
Download or read book Study on Low Temperature Oxidation of Diesel Particulate Matters by Oxygen Storage Component for the Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter written by Kenji Suzuki and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
