An Examination Of The Broader Autism Phenotype In Simplex And Multiplex Families

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An Examination of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Simplex and Multiplex Families

Author : Jennifer Gerdts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis An Examination of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Simplex and Multiplex Families by : Jennifer Gerdts

Download or read book An Examination of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Simplex and Multiplex Families written by Jennifer Gerdts and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-inherited genetic mutations are more prevalent in families with only one individual diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; simplex) whereas inherited genetic risk factors may play a greater role in families with more than one affected individual (multiplex). Behavioral genetic studies examining the broader autism phenotype document increased presence of BAP traits in first-degree relatives from multiplex versus simplex families. Mothers, fathers, and siblings from 87 multiplex and 41 simplex were included in analyses. In general, findings supported a differential presentation of behavioral features of the broader autism phenotype in family members from multiplex families compared to simplex families. This was particularly relevant in social communication skills. Multiplex family members showed decreased social interest, more impaired nonverbal communication abilities, and less flexible conversation skills compared to simplex family members. Effects were moderate to large across skill areas and were most consistently observed in siblings, followed by fathers, and then mothers. Cognitive profiles presented differently in parents compared to siblings. Specifically, differences between multiplex and simplex families in cognitive measures such as cognitive variability, face memory, and phonological processing were absent in parents, but were apparent in siblings. Multiplex siblings showed greater cognitive variability and were more likely to have impaired face memory and phonological processing skills compared to simplex siblings. Thus, multiplex siblings showed a number of similar elements of the cognitive phenotype in ASD in addition to social communication difficulties compared to simplex siblings. No relationship between the symptoms of the affected children and family member traits were found in the current study. Thus, increased symptom severity in affected children did not predict greater BAP traits in either simplex or multiplex families. Despite reports that macrocephaly appears to be a familial trait in ASD, head circumference measurements did not differ between multiple-incidence and single-incidence families. However, a positive relationship between head circumference and increased BAP traits was more pronounced in simplex siblings compared to multiplex siblings. Given the variability in predictions of increased head circumference and ASD symptoms in affected individuals, this finding was not predicted and it is difficult to interpret it in isolation. Further work is necessary to replicate this relationship. The decreased number and intensity of BAP traits observed in parents and siblings within simplex families provide behavioral evidence consistent with findings of increased de novo genetic events since ASD-related behavioral traits were observed less frequently in simplex compared to multiplex families. These behaviorally-based findings suggest that multiplex families may be more vulnerable to ASD symptoms given shared genetic variance.

The Broad Autism Phenotype

Author : Anthony F. Rotatori
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784416576
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis The Broad Autism Phenotype by : Anthony F. Rotatori

Download or read book The Broad Autism Phenotype written by Anthony F. Rotatori and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proposed volume will provide in-depth coverage about a construct known as the broad autism phenotype (BAP).

Dimensional Approach to the conceptualization and measurement of the broad autism phenotype

Author : Marta Godoy Giménez
Publisher : Universidad Almería
ISBN 13 : 8413512166
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Dimensional Approach to the conceptualization and measurement of the broad autism phenotype by : Marta Godoy Giménez

Download or read book Dimensional Approach to the conceptualization and measurement of the broad autism phenotype written by Marta Godoy Giménez and published by Universidad Almería. This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present dissertation has converged the knowledge of three fundamental areas of psychology: cognitive psychology, psychobiology, and psychometrics with the purpose of improving the operational and relational definitions of the broad autism phenotype (BAP) and its measurement process. Especially, it lies essence in psychometrics and its role in reconnecting how people show certain milder autistic behaviours with a theoretical and psychometric model capable of representing an operationalization of the construct in the Spanish and English general populations and developing a new measurement tool. This book is organized into three blocks: in the theoretical framework, we define autism (and BAP) from a dimensional perspective and expose the state of the art in its conceptualization and measurement. We finish by establishing the objectives and the research plan. The second block deepens into the empirical studies conducted during my Ph.D. apprenticeship. The first study presents the Spanish adaptation of the Broad AautismPhenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), and the second study deepens into the BAPQ psychometric properties from the item response theory (IRT) perspective. In the third study , the ASD and BAP definitions are harmonized, and then a group of experts attempts to reshape the items of the most applied tests to assess BAP into its updated operationalization. The sixth chapter introduces the Broad Autism Phenotype-International Test (BAP-IT), which assesses the BAP two-domain operationalization in two different languages, Spanish and English. Finally, the third block exposes a general discussion of the overall results, draws certain conclusions, states the research limitations, and delineates future research approaches.

Family Experiences in the Context of Broad Autism Phenotype

Author : Jennifer M. Putney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Experiences in the Context of Broad Autism Phenotype by : Jennifer M. Putney

Download or read book Family Experiences in the Context of Broad Autism Phenotype written by Jennifer M. Putney and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little research has examined the adaptive processes and co-parenting behaviors in the context of broad autism phenotype (BAP). The overarching goal of my dissertation research was to enhance the understanding of how BAP is associated with parent-couple and co-parenting relationship quality. This research draws from a sample of families of a child with ASD (N = 189) and a comparison group of families (N = 185) parenting typically developing children (without neurodevelopmental disabilities). The first study examined the association of actor and partner effects of BAP characteristics (aloofness, pragmatic language, and rigidity) for mothers and fathers on positive and negative dyadic coping behaviors. Results suggested that BAP characteristics were present across parenting groups with parents in the ASD group reporting higher BAP characteristics than parents in the comparison group. Findings indicated that actor rigidity (one's own) was a significant predictor of lower levels of positive dyadic coping and higher levels of negative dyadic coping. Actor aloofness was also significantly associated with lower levels of positive dyadic coping. The second examined the role of BAP on the co-parenting relationship and children's co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems among parents of children with ASD. Findings suggested that BAP is associated with lower levels of co-parenting relationship quality through actor and partner pathways. For fathers, co-parenting relationship quality was a partial mediator of parental BAP on children's co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems. Study implications and future directions are discussed.Keywords: broad autism phenotype, autism, co-parenting relationship quality, dyadic coping

Parsing Heterogeneity in the Emerging Autism Phenotype: Effects of Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author : Torrey Lynn Cohenour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Parsing Heterogeneity in the Emerging Autism Phenotype: Effects of Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Torrey Lynn Cohenour

Download or read book Parsing Heterogeneity in the Emerging Autism Phenotype: Effects of Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Torrey Lynn Cohenour and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disability. Evidence suggests individuals with ASD who are at high familial risk for autism (i.e., those from multiplex families containing two or more ASD-affected children), exhibit distinct clinical characteristics from individuals with ASD from simplex families. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of familial risk for autism on the emerging autism phenotype among infants and toddlers showing signs of ASD. Participants (N = 137) were 12- to 36-month-olds referred to two larger autism intervention studies due to autism concerns. Overall, simplex children showing signs of ASD demonstrated more severe cognitive delays, were more likely to present with expressive language delays, and had more severe autism symptoms than multiplex children with emerging ASD symptoms. This study is among the first to examine the effects of familial risk for autism among infants and toddlers showing early symptoms of ASD, and demonstrates that simplex-multiplex differences are present in the first years of life and before autism symptoms fully emerge.

A Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Social Responsiveness in Multiplex Autism Families

Author : Jacqueline Anne Duvall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Social Responsiveness in Multiplex Autism Families by : Jacqueline Anne Duvall

Download or read book A Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Social Responsiveness in Multiplex Autism Families written by Jacqueline Anne Duvall and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Time for Metabolism and Hormones

Author : Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319270699
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis A Time for Metabolism and Hormones by : Paolo Sassone-Corsi

Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.

ADI-R

Author : Michael Rutter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781925120479
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis ADI-R by : Michael Rutter

Download or read book ADI-R written by Michael Rutter and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Autism Research

Author : Antonio Narzisi
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036502025
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Autism Research by : Antonio Narzisi

Download or read book Advances in Autism Research written by Antonio Narzisi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Sensory Perceptual Issues in Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Author : Olga Bogdashina
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781843101666
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensory Perceptual Issues in Autism and Asperger Syndrome by : Olga Bogdashina

Download or read book Sensory Perceptual Issues in Autism and Asperger Syndrome written by Olga Bogdashina and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will assist practitioners who work with autistic people to comprehend sensory perceptual differences in autism. Strategies for dealing with sensory integration dysfunction are presented in a manner that can easily be understood by practitioners and carers.

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author : David Amaral
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195371828
Total Pages : 1445 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Autism Spectrum Disorders by : David Amaral

Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by David Amaral and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 1445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information about the symptoms, treatment, and research on Autism spectrum disorders including Autism and Asperger syndrome.

The Environmental and Genetic Causes of Autism

Author : James Lyons-Weiler
Publisher : Skyhorse
ISBN 13 : 1510710876
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Environmental and Genetic Causes of Autism by : James Lyons-Weiler

Download or read book The Environmental and Genetic Causes of Autism written by James Lyons-Weiler and published by Skyhorse. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Environmental and Genetic Causes of Autism delves deep into the full body of past and current research to reveal how genetic predispositions and environmental factors can combine to produce the conditions autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To make this groundbreaking volume, Dr. James Lyons-Weiler combed through the past fifty years of published research on autism, exploring subjects such as genetic variation, mechanisms of neurotoxicity of metals and pesticides, and the central and combined roles of each in causing autism. Lyons-Weiler provides a major overview of all aspects of the condition of autism, reviews changes in diagnoses and treatments, and explains how genetic information can be used to tailor effective treatments, and sometimes reversals, of the symptoms. He also presents practical forward-looking suggestions on how to design future studies to facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for autism risk and how to classify the full range of autism spectrum disorders. Autism is considered one of the most mystifying conditions of our day, and alarmed scientists, doctors, politicians, and parents are desperately trying to understand why the condition is escalating. According to the CDC, rates in the United States have risen from an estimated one in two thousand children in 1980, to one in sixty-eight in 2012, and a new National Health Interview Survey shows a rate of one in forty-five. By the time you read this book, that number may have changed yet again. While most autism researchers focus on either environmental or genetic causes of autism, Lyons-Weiler’s opus demonstrates that to fully understand the condition and to finally put its rate on the decrease, it is essential to pay attention to the science showing how the two classes of factors interact.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author : Michael Fitzgerald
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535120379
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Michael Fitzgerald

Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Michael Fitzgerald and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book starts with a new sub category of Autism Criminal Autistic Psychopathy and school shootings. It focuses on a number of interventions, including speech and language pathology, speech and language assessment instruments, occupational therapy, improving functional language development in autism with natural gestures, communication boards etc as well as helping people with autism using the pictorial support, training of concepts of significant others, theory of mind, social concepts and a conceptual model for empowering families of children with autism cross culturally. It also examines the issue of hyperandrogenism and evidence-based treatments of autism. In terms of assessment, it focuses on psychological and biological assessment including neurotransmitters systems, structural and functional brain imaging, coping strategies of parents, examines the intertwining of language impairment, specific language impairment and ASD, as well as implicit and spontaneous Theory of Mind reading in ASD. In terms of aetiology, it focuses on genetic factors, epigenetics, synaptic vesicles, toxicity during neurodevelopment, immune system and sex differences. It also examines the link between social cognitive anatomical and neurophysiologic biomarkers and candidate genes. This book will be relevant to all mental health professionals because autism occurs in all the different areas of psychiatry and professionals who will find it helpful will be psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, teachers and all those working with persons with Autism including parents who nowadays are interested in knowing more and more, at a detailed level about their children or adults with autism.

Developmental Psychopathology, Maladaptation and Psychopathology

Author : Dante Cicchetti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118120922
Total Pages : 1248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Developmental Psychopathology, Maladaptation and Psychopathology by : Dante Cicchetti

Download or read book Developmental Psychopathology, Maladaptation and Psychopathology written by Dante Cicchetti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on external contributing factors in psychopathology Developmental Psychopathology is a four-volume compendium of the most complete and current research on every aspect of the field. Volume Three: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation explores the everyday effects and behaviors of those with behavioral, mental, or neurological disorders, and the disorder's real-world impact on their well-being. Now in its third edition, this comprehensive reference has been fully updated to better reflect the current state of the field, and detail the latest findings in causation, intervention, contextual factors, and the risks associated with atypical development. Contributions from expert researchers and clinicians explore the effects of abuse and traumatic stress, memory development, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and more, with chapters specifically targeted toward autism, schizophrenia, narcissism, antisocial behavior, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Advances in developmental psychopathology have burgeoned since the 2006 publication of the second edition, and keeping up on the latest findings in multiple avenues of investigation can be burdensome to the busy professional. This series solves the problem by collecting the information into one place, with a logical organization designed for easy reference. Learn how childhood experiences contribute to psychopathology Explore the relationship between atypical development and substance abuse Consider the impact or absence of other developmental traits Understand the full risk potential of any behavioral or mental disorder The complexity of a field as diverse as developmental psychopathology deepens with each emerging theory, especially with consideration of the multiple external factors that have major effects on a person's mental and emotional development. Developmental Psychopathology Volume Three: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation compiles the latest information into a cohesive, broad-reaching reference with the most recent findings.

The Broader Autism Phenotype in the Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions

Author : Edward Sucksmith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Broader Autism Phenotype in the Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions by : Edward Sucksmith

Download or read book The Broader Autism Phenotype in the Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions written by Edward Sucksmith and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Perinatal Mental Health : a Guide to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Perinatal Mental Health : a Guide to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) by :

Download or read book Perinatal Mental Health : a Guide to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Defining Autism

Author : Emily L. Casanova
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1784503495
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (845 download)

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Book Synopsis Defining Autism by : Emily L. Casanova

Download or read book Defining Autism written by Emily L. Casanova and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a summary of the current state of knowledge in autism research, Defining Autism looks at the different genetic, neurological and environmental causes of, and contributory factors to autism. It takes a wide-ranging view of developmental and genetic factors, and considers autism's relationship with other conditions such as epilepsy. Shedding light on the vast number of autism-related syndromes which are all too often denied adequate attention, it shows how, whilst autism refers to a single syndrome, it can be understood as many different conditions, with the common factors being biological, rather than behavioral.