Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
An Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Diabetes Self Management Education Program On The Hba1c In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Download An Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Diabetes Self Management Education Program On The Hba1c In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online An Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Diabetes Self Management Education Program On The Hba1c In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Effects of a Diabetes Self-management Education Program on the HbA1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by : Katherine Schoo
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Effects of a Diabetes Self-management Education Program on the HbA1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes written by Katherine Schoo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis APPROACH TO SELF-MANAGEMENT by : Bairister Sharma
Download or read book APPROACH TO SELF-MANAGEMENT written by Bairister Sharma and published by Bairister Sharma. This book was released on 2022-11-21 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DO YOU WANT TO MANAGE YOUR LIFE? DO YOU WANT TO BRING HAPPINESS, PEACE AND TRANQUILITY IN YOUR LIFE? DO YOU WANT TO BOOST UP YOUR SELF-BELIEVE AND SELF-CONFIDENCE? DO YOU WANT TO DEVELOP YOUR POSITIVE ATTITUDE? DO YOU WANT TO GROW IN YOUR LIFE? DO YOU WANT TO MOTIVATE YOURSELF? If your answer is ‘Yes’, then, this book is perfect for you to guide and lead you throughout your life. Nobody can manage you in your life. Only you can manage yourself. You’re the best manager of your own life. Never allow anyone to manage your life. The moment you allow anyone to manage your life, the very moment you’ll become his or her puppet. The puppet has no life of its own; it is always swinging by the hands of other people. It depends on others. It has no life as well as it has no aims and goals. What do you want in your life? Ask yourself. Your life is only yours; nobody has the rights to control you. Manage your own life in such a manner that you can achieve everything in your life. You can fulfill your every dream into realities. You can enjoy your own life. You can build your own life. You can create your own beautiful world. You’ll get your eternal bliss and peace. You can touch the great summit of your success and glory.
Book Synopsis Outcome Measures for Health Education and Other Health Care Interventions by : Kate Lorig
Download or read book Outcome Measures for Health Education and Other Health Care Interventions written by Kate Lorig and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Outcome Measurement has become an important tool in the evaluation of health promotion patient education and other health services interventions, problems remain in locating reliable measurements and scales. This book provides a unique compilation of more than 50 self-administered scales for measuring health behaviors, health status, self-efficacy, and health-care utilization.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Validation of a Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) Program by : Heather L. Ortiz
Download or read book Evaluation and Validation of a Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) Program written by Heather L. Ortiz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Direct Practice Improvement (DPI) project used a mixed-methods design to evaluate the effectiveness of a Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) program as a dietary lifestyle intervention to lower Hemoglobin A1C (HgbA1c), post-prandial blood sugar levels, and weight in individuals with Type II Diabetes over a six-week period of time. This DPI project adds to existing literature, identifying a DSME program effective in improving the health outcomes of individuals with Type II Diabetes. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model guided identification of the practice question, evidence collection, and translation to practice. Quantitative data illustrates how understanding metabolic differences in simple and complex carbohydrates, effects of gluconeogenesis on blood sugar, and pairing foods in the right amounts, at the right times of the day allows for the remission of symptoms of Type II Diabetes. The data shows that individuals with Type II Diabetes who followed the DSME program (n=15) reduced their Hemoglobin A1C levels to
Book Synopsis The Effect of Diabetes Self-management Education Using Simulation for Persons Diagnosed with Type II Diabetes by : Lauren Miley
Download or read book The Effect of Diabetes Self-management Education Using Simulation for Persons Diagnosed with Type II Diabetes written by Lauren Miley and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 30 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes with 90 to 95% of these patients having Type II (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a cost-effective but underutilized intervention for patients (CDC, 2021). There have been few studies conducted to examine the effect of simulation as a patient education method. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of a simulation-based educational intervention on diabetes self-care management. Methods: Subjects were adults diagnosed with diabetes with a glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c) greater than or equal to eight, obtained within the past six months. The participants were randomized into the simulation or educational handout group. The instrument used was the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), which assessed self-care interventions required for glycemic control (Schmitt, 2013). Both groups completed the DSMQ pretest and demographic survey, and then completed the DSMQ again at six weeks post intervention. Results: No formal comparisons were made due to low sample. The mean total DSMQ score was in 7.6 the simulation group and 5.9 in the handout group at pretest. The mean total DSMQ score was 9.1 in the simulation group and 7.5 in the handout group at posttest. Conclusions: The study suggested that immersive learning experiences may be effective in adults with diabetes, regardless of time since diagnosis. More formal education is needed for patients with type II diabetes, especially regarding nutrition. Further studies are needed to further explore the gaps on the use of simulation in patient education.
Book Synopsis Effects of Self-Management Education on Diabetic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by : Min Yan
Download or read book Effects of Self-Management Education on Diabetic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes written by Min Yan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Self-management Education on Diabetic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review" by Min, Yan, 严敏, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the effect of self-management education on diabetic control in type 2 diabetes Research design and methods: PubMed was searched for English-language articles published between 2010 and 2013. All the studies were original articles selected manually and used randomized control trials generating results of self-management education in people with type 2 diabetes referring to diabetic control. Relevant data were divided and tabulated into factors of population characteristics, interventions and outcomes. Interventions were classified into three sections as collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention, and skills teaching intervention based on the patterns of education. Outcomes were categorized into glycemic control, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and nephropathy risk factors. Results: A total of 24 studies were identified of initial 41 articles for this review. Effects of self-management education on glycemic control were demonstrated to be positive both in short-term (10 months) follow-up, but more positive effects in short-term follow-up. The same effectiveness happens to CVD risk factors, including lipids, weight and blood pressure. On the other hand, with short-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education is more effective than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Also with long-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education had more effectiveness than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control. However, few studies including CVD risk factors in the long-term follow-up, so it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of on CVD risk factors with long-term follow-up. Conclusions: Evidences supports the positive effectiveness of self-management education with collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention and skills teaching intervention among type 2 diabetes patients on diabetic control, in both short-term follow-up and long-term follow-up, but short-term follow-up is more effective than long-term follow-up. Further research is needed to develop self-management interventions to maintain long-term follow-up effects on glycemic control, CVD risk factors and other diabetes complications. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5098975 Subjects: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes - Treatment
Book Synopsis Network Meta-analysis by : Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
Download or read book Network Meta-analysis written by Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Network meta-analyses and mixed treatment comparisons represent the uppermost level in the evidence hierarchy for decision making, in medicine as well as in other scholarly fields. This book covers the main topics which should be mastered to critically read and interpret as well as, if deemed worthwhile, perform and report independently a network meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison. The text includes dozens of tables and illustrations to guide visually the reader in understanding the basics as well as the more refined details of network meta-analyses.
Book Synopsis EBOOK: Chronic Physical Illness: Self-Management and Behavioural Interventions by : Stanton Newman
Download or read book EBOOK: Chronic Physical Illness: Self-Management and Behavioural Interventions written by Stanton Newman and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Newman, Steed and Mulligan have provided an honest attempt to capture the essential practical material required for those working directly with clients in this growing area … As a broad introductory text, this book achieves its purpose.“ International Journal of Integrated Care "I feel this book would be a great addition on any adult nursing bookshelf, especially useful in health promotion, community and management modules. Any healthcare profession such as nurses, doctors, occupational therapists who deal with individuals with chronic illnesses will benefit from this book. I highly recommend this book, a 'must read' for nursing students." Isobel Weston, Nursing Student, Nottingham University, UK This groundbreaking book provides a much-needed overview of self-management in chronic physical illness. It provides the theoretical and conceptual background to self-management, as well as examining issues related to the delivery of self-management interventions in chronic illness. The chapters systematically review the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions in a range of different chronic conditions, including: Asthma Coronary artery disease Heart failure COPD Hypertension Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Authored by a range of leading international authors, each of them experts in the chronic diseases they discuss, the book is key reading for a wide range of health care professionals dealing with individuals with chronic conditions, including nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, health psychologists and occupational therapists. The book concludes by looking at the future of self-management for chronic illness. Contributors: Susan J. Blalock, Debbie Cooke, Angela Coulter, Robert F. DeVellis, Joe Ellins, Maarten J. Fischer, Wendy Hardeman, Eric S. Hart, Paul Higgs, Martin Hyde, Ad A. Kaptein, Kate Lorig, Patrick McGowan, Susan Michie, Debra K. Moser, Serap Osman, Jerry C. Parker, Sheetal Patel, Nina Rieckmann, Margreet Scharloo, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Timothy C. Skinner, Jane R. Smith, Lucia Snoei, Frank J. Snoek, Stephen Sutton, John Weinman, Manuel Paz Yepez
Book Synopsis The Diabetes Textbook by : Joel Rodriguez-Saldana
Download or read book The Diabetes Textbook written by Joel Rodriguez-Saldana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Diabetes Textbook: Clinical Principles, Patient Management and Public Health Issues (2nd Edition) addresses diabetes from a comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective. Its purpose is to integrate state-of-the-art information on diabetes from specialists in various disciplines, including epidemiology, public health, pathophysiology, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment, patient support, acute and chronic complications, new and unproven therapies, and prevention. The main benefit of “The Diabetes Textbook” is its integrative approach. The book is therefore intended for three main types of readers: 1) physicians and health professionals seeking a comprehensive approach to diabetes; 2) those with previous expertise in a specific professional area who want to expand their knowledge; and 3) those interested in learning about topics not previously covered, who will find the contents of “The Diabetes Textbook” both enriching and innovative. The Diabetes Textbook is intended for a broad readership, including professors of medicine and related disciplines (nursing, nutrition, psychology); general physicians; internists and specialists, e.g. in ophthalmology, endocrinology, cardiology, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, geriatrics, epidemiology and public health. To address these readers’ needs, the second edition is divided into the following eleven sections: 1) Magnitude of the Problem from an Individual and Social Context, 2) Diagnosis, Classification and Mechanisms of Disease, 3) Global Experiences in Diabetes Care, 4) Basic Components of Management: Patient-Centeredness, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Outcomes, 5) Resources of Support for Persons with Diabetes, 6) Drug Therapy, 7) Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 8) Acute Complications, 9) Chronic Complications, 10) Diabetes in Special Populations, and 11) Novel Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence-Based and Non-Proven, and Diabetes Prevention.
Book Synopsis Motivational Interviewing in Diabetes Care by : Marc P. Steinberg
Download or read book Motivational Interviewing in Diabetes Care written by Marc P. Steinberg and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People with diabetes often struggle to make healthy choices and stay on top of managing their illness. Filling a vital need, this is the first book to focus on the use of motivational interviewing (MI) in diabetes care. The uniquely qualified authors--physician Marc P. Steinberg has devoted much of his career to diabetes care, and renowned clinical psychologist William R. Miller is the codeveloper of MI--present proven counseling techniques that can make any conversation with a patient more efficacious and motivating. Numerous sample dialogues illustrate specific ways to elicit patients' strengths and help them overcome barriers to change in such areas as eating habits, physical activity, medication use, insulin treatment, substance abuse, psychological issues, and more. This book is in the Applications of Motivational Interviewing series, edited by Stephen Rollnick, William R. Miller, and Theresa B. Moyers. Winner (First Place)--American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award, Adult Primary Care Category
Book Synopsis The Impact of Education on Self-management and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by : Jenifer Brewer
Download or read book The Impact of Education on Self-management and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Jenifer Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) currently affects approximately 1 in 9 individuals in the United States. Access to education, transportation to appointments, and other social determinants of health can reflect poor self-management, adverse outcomes, and increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing a series of expert-led, educational classes with a toolkit for patients diagnosed with prediabetes or T2DM. The Health Belief Model was the framework used to develop and implement educational intervention through a 4-month period. This project was conducted at two sites in Northeast Kansas: one which provides primary care services to an underserved population, while the other is a satellite clinic located within a housing authority. The PDSA cycle was used to develop and evaluate program implementation throughout the project. A toolkit was developed and provided to individuals who attended the sessions. Educational sessions focused on T2DM overview, risk factors, comorbidities, medication, diet, exercise, stress, and self-management. Expert specialists were recruited for two of the educational sessions. A diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) score and glycated hemoglobin (A1c) value were obtained prior to the first educational session. A final DSMQ score and A1c value were obtained at the conclusion of the last educational session. Qualitative measurement revealed improved perceived self-management of T2DM as well as an overall improvement of A1c control after a 4-month period.
Book Synopsis Effect of a Certified Diabetes Self-Management Education Program on HgbA1c Levels of Type 2 Diabetic Patients by : Almarie Cavinta
Download or read book Effect of a Certified Diabetes Self-Management Education Program on HgbA1c Levels of Type 2 Diabetic Patients written by Almarie Cavinta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is a chronic condition that can have long-term effects physically, psychologically, emotionally and financially. Because diabetes is a major health concern, there’s an emphasis on finding evidence-based prevention and treatment for this condition. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is a crucial part in achieving health outcomes for individuals with diabetes. Not all DSME programs are the same; some are certified DSME programs while others are non-certified DSME programs. The purpose of the study is to determine if there is a difference in diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy behaviors and HgbA1c for patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes who complete a certified DSME program compared to a non-certified DSME program in an outpatient setting. The proposed study will be a quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test design. A total of 108, with 54 participants for each group, will be recruited in San Diego County. The comparison group will complete a non-certified DSME program while the experimental group will complete a certified DSME program. Three data collection instruments will be used: (1) HgbA1c lab test, (2) demographic survey, and (3) the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire. Scoring will be comparing the means of HgbA1c for both the comparison and experimental group and examining if there is a difference in the answers to the questionnaires before and after the study. The proposed study is significant to nursing because advanced practice nurses (APNs) are at a pivotal position for providing diabetes education and referring patients to the right DSME programs. APNs can provide patients the opportunity to increase diabetes knowledge and adapt attitudes and behavior to improve self-management and prevent complications. This can lead to better health outcomes and overall improved quality of life
Book Synopsis Nursing Research E-Book by : Geri LoBiondo-Wood
Download or read book Nursing Research E-Book written by Geri LoBiondo-Wood and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - NEW and UPDATED! Full-text research articles, including a population health study and a quality improvement study, serve as foundational examples throughout the text and Research Vignettes illustrate the types of high-quality research and evidence-based practice (EBP) projects that are driving advances in nursing practice. - NEW! Content on trending topics includes: - Precision science and tailored healthcare based on evidence - Big data - Secondary analysis - Data collection using social media and technology - Focus groups - Descriptive qualitative methods - Genetics, genomics, and "omics" - Social determinants of health and population health - Healthy People 2030 - The new U.S. Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health - The NIH funding roadmap - IPEC Core Competencies - The opioid crisis - HPV - NEW! Next-Generation NCLEX® Exam (NGN) content introduces the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model and includes Clinical Judgment Challenges in each chapter to help prepare students for the NGN. - NEW! Expanded coverage of the latest developments in the field includes: - Content on research methods (scoping, rapid realist, etc.) and guidelines (evidence- versus expert-based) other than meta-analysis. - Content on mixed-methods research that reflects the growing emphasis on mixed research methodologies. - Content on quality improvement (including the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators [NDNQI], magnet status, and the Triple Aim) that addresses the growing importance of evidence-based quality improvement initiatives in clinical settings. - NEW! Improved usability, with more illustrations, larger table type, increased use of bulleted text, enhanced readability, italicized in-text research examples for greater visibility, and better-aligned learning outcomes and chapter-ending key points make it easier for students to locate, understand, and retain information.
Book Synopsis Williams Textbook of Endocrinology E-Book by : Shlomo Melmed
Download or read book Williams Textbook of Endocrinology E-Book written by Shlomo Melmed and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2024-04-03 with total page 2379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now fully revised and updated, Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 15th Edition, remains your go-to reference for authoritative content on the full spectrum of adult and pediatric endocrine system disorders. World-renowned authors and editors expertly bridge the gap between basic science and clinical information, keeping you up to date with recent advances in medications, therapies, clinical trials, and more. This essential reference is a must-have resource for endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, gynecologists, internists, pediatricians, and other clinicians who need current, comprehensive coverage of this multifaceted field. - Presents current information in a highly illustrated, user-friendly format for quick reference. - Includes new chapters on Skeletal Regulation of Metabolism, Digitized Approaches to Diabetes Therapeutics, and MODY and Atypical Diabetes. - Reflects updated approaches to transgender medicine as well as new coverage of viral infections, including COVID-19. - Covers hot topics such as personalized medicine; the latest methodologies and trends regarding cancer genomics, precision oncology, and cell biology; and updates in key areas such as adrenal dysfunction and diabetes. - Provides state-of-the-art coverage of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, metabolic bone disorders, obesity and thyroid disease, as well as pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal disorders, and much more—all designed to help you provide optimal care to every patient. - Features contributions from today's thought leaders in endocrinology. - Contains a selected reading list and highlighted key references nominated by the editors.
Book Synopsis Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 14 Edition: South Asia Edition, 2 Vol SET - E-Book by : Shlomo Melmed
Download or read book Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 14 Edition: South Asia Edition, 2 Vol SET - E-Book written by Shlomo Melmed and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 2250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 14 Edition: South Asia Edition, 2 Vol SET - E-Book
Book Synopsis Chalk Talks in Internal Medicine by : Somnath Mookherjee
Download or read book Chalk Talks in Internal Medicine written by Somnath Mookherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides teaching scripts for medical educators in internal medicine and coaches them in creating their own teaching scripts. Every year, thousands of attending internists are asked to train the next generation of physicians to master a growing body of knowledge. Formal teaching time has become increasingly limited due to rising clinical workload, medical documentation requirements, duty hour restrictions, and other time pressures. In addition, today’s physicians-in-training expect teaching sessions that deliver focused, evidence-based content that is integrated into clinical workflow. In keeping with both time pressures and trainee expectations, academic internists must be prepared to effectively and efficiently teach important diagnostic and management concepts. A teaching script is a methodical and structured plan that aids in effective teaching. The teaching scripts in this book anticipate learners’ misconceptions, highlight a limited number of teaching points, provide evidence to support the teaching points, use strategies to engage the learners, and provide a cognitive scaffold for teaching the topic that the teacher can refine over time. All divisions of internal medicine (e.g. cardiology, rheumatology, and gastroenterology) are covered and a section on undifferentiated symptom-based presentations (e.g. fatigue, fever, and unintentional weight loss) is included. This book provides well-constructed teaching scripts for commonly encountered clinical scenarios, is authored by experienced academic internists and allows the reader to either implement them directly or modify them for their own use. Each teaching script is designed to be taught in 10-15 minutes, but can be easily adjusted by the reader for longer or shorter talks. Teaching Scripts in Internal Medicine is an ideal tool for internal medicine attending physicians and trainees, as well as physician’s assistants, nurse practitioners, and all others who teach and learn internal medicine.
Book Synopsis Diabetes Self-management Education: a Powerful Tool for Diabetes Control in India by : Majumder Anirban
Download or read book Diabetes Self-management Education: a Powerful Tool for Diabetes Control in India written by Majumder Anirban and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes self-management education: a powerful tool for diabetes control in IndiaDiabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for diabetes management and is a powerful tool for reducing glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), risk for complications, hospital admissions and cost of care.1 The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of DSME in improving the outcomes of diabetes care as measured by glycaemic (FPG, PPG & HbA1C), lipid (total cholesterol[TC], triglycerides[TG], low density lipoproteins[LDL] and high density lipoproteins [HDL]) and anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI & waist circumference) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).A retrospective analysis was performed for 160 adult T2DM patients who received DSME training in 2013u20132014 from our center. DSME provided to the study participants was consistent with the requirements from the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education.1 Participants received one time 6 hours intensive group training. All education was provided by a team of diabetologists, certified diabetes educators who in addition are dietician and exercise physiologist. Patients received instruction in: diet/exercise education; self-monitoring of glucose levels; medication management specifically for insulin users; diabetes related problem solving, and lifestyle changes to help reduce the risks and complications of diabetes. Subjects were judged for their acquired knowledge about the disease by using a set of questionnaire and were awarded a score based on their performance. Their socioeconomic status was also ascertained by using Kuppuswammy scoring (KS score)2 which looked at their education, monthly income and occupational status. The subjectsu2019 glycaemic parameters, lipid parameters and anthropometric measurements were checked before the DSME programme and at the end of 6 months and 12 months respectively. The DSME scores were divided into tertiles and lower tertile patients were compared to intermediate and higher tertile patients, to assess, whether differences in acquired knowledge about diabetes had impact on glycaemic, lipid and anthropometric parameters. It was revealed that waist circumference increased in all the three tertiles over the entire year following DSME without any statistically significant change in the weight and BMI over the year. Subjects with DSME score in the lowest tertile had an initial improvement in the FPG values at 6 month but a rebound increase at the end of the year made it lose statistical significance. There was however no statistically significant change in the HbA1C and PPG over the year. The lipid parameters (TC and LDL) showed statistically significant progressive deterioration which perhaps emphasises the need for an intermittent reinforcement of education. Subjects with DSME score in the intermediate tertile had an improvement in the glycaemic parameters (FPG and HbA1C) throughout the year but there was no improvement in the lipid parameters . Subjects with DSME score in the upper most tertile were already having better controls of their glycaemic parameters at the baseline and did not show significant improvements over the year but their lipid parameters (TC and LDL) did show a significant improvements over the year, perhaps secondary to their better understanding of the contribution of lipid control towards prevention of macro vascular complications. Further analysis of the data also revealed that DSME scores were independent of socioeconomic status even when analysed separately for income levels and educational qualification. In India where the large number of diabetic population has a considerable economic implication on the state as well as on the individual, more widespread use of DSME can be a cost-effective option in fighting against the growing menace of the diabetes epidemic. In conclusion, comprehensive diabetes outcomes were correlated with adequacy of baseline diabetes education. Subjects with even minimal diabetes education (lowest tertile) had transient improvement in outcomes whereas those with optimal education had sustained multifactorial benefits. Moreover DSME benefits were independent of socio-economic and educational status indicating its widespread applicability even in resource limited settings. In India where the large number of diabetic population has a considerable economic implication on the state as well as on the individual, more widespread use of DSME can be a cost-effective option in fighting against the growing menace of the diabetes epidemic.References :1. Martha M. Funnell, Tammy L. Brown et al. National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan; 33(Suppl 1): S89u2013S96.2. Kuppuswamy B. Manual of Socioeconomic Status (Urban) 1st ed. Delhi: Manasayan; 1981. pp. 66u201372.
