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An Energy Model For The Commercial Building Sector In Hong Kong
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Book Synopsis An Energy Model for the Commercial Building Sector in Hong Kong by : Shengyuan Zhang
Download or read book An Energy Model for the Commercial Building Sector in Hong Kong written by Shengyuan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The building sector accounts for 15~40% of the energy consumption in cities and thus plays a significant role in promoting sustainable development. Hong Kong government established an ambitious target to reduce the energy intensity by 40% from the 2005 level by 2025, in which the energy efficiency in the commercial building sector is a key. This paper examines the role of human behavior, as well as regulations and technological advancements, in the commercial building sector in Hong Kong. Models in existing literature are not suitable for city-scale study due to the complexity in the commercial building sector in terms of the building scale and function, the energy systems and the technical characteristics, and the distribution of human behaviors among occupants. By developing an energy model accounting for those complexities, I first present the per m2 energy consumption in the commercial buildings in Hong Kong, which is much higher than the counterparts in OECD countries. I also evaluate the energy performance of various building regulations and technologies with the established model. My finding has direct implication for the Hong Kong government to allocate more resources in mobilizing citizens through various incentives and public education programs. My study bridges the gap between engineering simulations and the diversified real conditions in buildings for scholar conducting macroscopic studies and policy makers in cities.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : Hou-Yip Hsiao
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by Hou-Yip Hsiao and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong" by Hou-yip, Hsiao, 蕭厚業, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: In 2006, over 160 countries have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, which is an international agreement concerning the climate change. It sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions (UNFCCC, 2006) and these countries were committed to do so. Reduction on GNG emission becomes a common but differentiated responsibility over these countries, including China and Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("HKSAR") was also committed to reduce GHG emissions by implementing difference measures (EPD, 2010). In view of 60 percent of GHG emission in Hong Kong is generated by electricity generation, reduction on electricity consumption for building operations is the main means of achieving reduction on GHG emissions. Since Hong Kong had been treated as international financial centre, over 60 percent of the total electricity consumption was contributed by the commercial sector. To promote energy efficiency so as to accomplish reduction on electricity consumption, both HKSAR and other green organization, such as BEAM Society and U.S. Green Building Council, had set up numerous reference guidelines. However, these guidelines may applicable to new buildings but not in most commercial building in Hong Kong which were aged and multi-owned. In these aged and multi-owned commercial building, the concern of energy efficiency was not involved during design stage. In view of durable nature of commercial building, energy efficiency hardly be achieved unless substantial implementation of measures. However, capital cost and alteration work were needed to be considered for such implementation which causing difficulties for most of the single block building. As advised by Electrical and Mechanical Department, the Building Manager is one of the key persons in building energy efficiency and conservation as it is the one who operate all building services installation so as to suit the needs of the occupants. This dissertation is an attempt to evaluate the feasibility of implementing energy efficiency measures in these commercial buildings in Hong Kong from the management point of view. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4834187 Subjects: Commercial buildings - Energy conservation - China - Hong Kong
Book Synopsis Approaches to Energy Efficiency in Multi-storey Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : Siu Lun Chan
Download or read book Approaches to Energy Efficiency in Multi-storey Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by Siu Lun Chan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EFFECTS OF BUILDING ENVELOPE & by : Wai-Chung Christopher Chan
Download or read book EFFECTS OF BUILDING ENVELOPE & written by Wai-Chung Christopher Chan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Effects of Building Envelope and Orientation on Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong" by Wai-chung, Christopher, Chan, 陳慧聰, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3125308 Subjects: Commercial buildings - China - Hong Kong - Energy conservation Commercial buildings - China - Hong Kong - Energy consumption Commercial buildings - China - Hong Kong - Design and construction
Book Synopsis Decarbonize Public and Commercial Buildings by : Yi Jiang
Download or read book Decarbonize Public and Commercial Buildings written by Yi Jiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key motivations and goals for China's social and economic development is the dual carbon target. Building is one of the most important sectors to reduce emissions and save energy, accounting for more than 20% of China's primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. This book analyzes the energy consumption of China's buildings sector in four categories, their characteristics and technologies to improve energy efficiency, and examines the greenhouse gas emissions of China's buildings, including building construction embodied emission and building operation emissions. In particular, this book discusses the ways to achieve carbon neutrality targets for China's public and commercial building sectors. This book also analyzes the energy mix, energy intensity, and technological prospects for achieving energy and carbon targets in the public and commercial building sectors. This book contains a large amount of survey data, monitoring data, and case studies. The debate on technologies and policies is underpinned by a variety of evidence and research that has been ongoing for more than a decade. The information, data, and policy recommendations will be of interest to a national and international audience working in the fields of energy, climate change, engineering, and building science.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : 蕭厚業
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by 蕭厚業 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advisory Note on Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : Hong Kong. Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee
Download or read book Advisory Note on Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by Hong Kong. Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1995* with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decarbonize Urban Heating System by : Building Energy Research Center of THU
Download or read book Decarbonize Urban Heating System written by Building Energy Research Center of THU and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. The double-carbon target has been one of the main motivations and goals for China's social and economic development. The building sector is one of the most important sectors to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. This publication thoroughly examines China's building energy use and carbon emissions with a focus on four categories, including their characteristics and the technologies needed to achieve zero carbon emissions. This year, the key issue is developing carbon-neutrality pathways for China's urban heating system. This report comprehensively discusses the current status and future forecast of heat demand in buildings and non-process industries, introduces the challenges facing the urban energy supply system in achieving carbon neutrality, and elucidates the low-carbon heating model based mainly on low-grade and low-carbon waste heat. Extensive survey and monitoring data and case studies are presented throughout the book. The discussion of technologies and policies has been the subject of extensive research and evidence for over a decade. The information, data, and policy recommendations are of relevance to a national and global audience working in the fields of energy, climate change, engineering, and building science.
Book Synopsis A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model for Delivering Low Carbon Office Buildings in Hong Kong by : Simou Zhang
Download or read book A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model for Delivering Low Carbon Office Buildings in Hong Kong written by Simou Zhang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Multi-criteria Decision Analysis Model for Delivering Low Carbon Office Buildings in Hong Kong" by Simou, Zhang, 张思谋, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Buildings worldwide account for over a third of carbon emissions, which have a tremendous impact on climate changes. Meanwhile, their contribution in Hong Kong is much higher, being up to 60%. Therefore, low carbon building (LCB) has been regarded as an effective approach to reducing carbon emissions worldwide especially in Hong Kong. There have also emerged a wide range of measures for achieving LCBs. However, the effective utilization of LCB measures faces the challenge of identifying and selecting those proven to be environmentally, technically, financially and socially sustainable in the long term. This challenge is particularly significant at the design stage of LCBs due to the limited or unknown design information. These problems may be well addressed by the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). However, the current body of knowledge of LCB has two limitations. Firstly, most of previous research did not categorize the possible LCB measures from a systematic perspective, which results in fragmented evaluation. Secondly, the MCDA method still has not been widely used for solving the decision-making problems regarding LCB thus lacking the supportive information for its effective utilization. In addressing these limitations, this research aims to develop a MCDA model for the selection of appropriate LCB measures for office buildings in Hong Kong. Office buildings are a great representative of commercial buildings which contribute more than 60% of the carbon emissions of the building sector in Hong Kong. This research was carried out through the combination of a critical literature review, a questionnaire survey, a project case study and personal interviews. The literature review was focused on examining the frameworks for identifying LCB measures and selecting decision criteria. A questionnaire survey was carried out with 355 BEAM Professionals in Hong Kong, which expanded and verified the results from the literature review. The case study was conducted with an office building project using building performance simulation (BPS) for further investigation. The interviews were semi-structured in nature, carried out with 10 construction experts in Hong Kong. Through the research 10 LCB measures and 6 decision criteria for the LCB measure selection were identified, which were mostly used or considered for office buildings in Hong Kong. The developed MCDA model contains 5 modules that help to structure the decision-making process. The relative importance of the 10 LCB measures was obtained by a general implementation with proper weighting method and MCDA method. The results demonstrate the importance of lighting and building envelope for low carbon office building design and the need for accurate data for informed decision-making. Software eQuest was used for evaluating the carbon reductions in the case study building, and Software Visual PROMETHEE was adopted for selecting the best alternative among the LCB measures investigated. The developed MCDA model should support design decision-making for selecting appropriate LCB measures for office building projects. Despite the adopted multi-criteria decision-making, building energy regulations and government incentives in favour of building carbon reductions were mostly expected for delivering LCBs in Hong Kong. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5317072 Subjects: Sustainable buildings - China - Hong K
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Electricity Demand Trend in HKSAR in Relation to Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings by : Sung-kong Lee
Download or read book Analysis of the Electricity Demand Trend in HKSAR in Relation to Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings written by Sung-kong Lee and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation by : Jan L.M. Hensen
Download or read book Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation written by Jan L.M. Hensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When used appropriately, building performance simulation has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of the built environment, to improve indoor quality and productivity, as well as to facilitate future innovation and technological progress in construction. Since publication of the first edition of Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, the discussion has shifted from a focus on software features to a new agenda, which centres on the effectiveness of building performance simulation in building life cycle processes. This new edition provides a unique and comprehensive overview of building performance simulation for the complete building life cycle from conception to demolition, and from a single building to district level. It contains new chapters on building information modelling, occupant behaviour modelling, urban physics modelling, urban building energy modelling and renewable energy systems modelling. This new edition keeps the same chapter structure throughout including learning objectives, chapter summaries and assignments. Moreover, the book: • Provides unique insights into the techniques of building performance modelling and simulation and their application to performance-based design and operation of buildings and the systems which service them. • Provides readers with the essential concepts of computational support of performance-based design and operation. • Provides examples of how to use building simulation techniques for practical design, management and operation, their limitations and future direction. It is primarily intended for building and systems designers and operators, and postgraduate architectural, environmental or mechanical engineering students.
Book Synopsis Energy Impact Assessment for Air-conditioned Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : Ka-lam Shi
Download or read book Energy Impact Assessment for Air-conditioned Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by Ka-lam Shi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential of Zero Carbon Buildings in Hong Kong by : Man-Chi Man Joao Wong
Download or read book Potential of Zero Carbon Buildings in Hong Kong written by Man-Chi Man Joao Wong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Potential of Zero Carbon Buildings in Hong Kong" by Man-chi, Man Joao, Wong, 黃文志, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: It is doubtless that global warming is enhanced by human activities, and being accelerated in recent years. The building sector is one of the main contributors in carbon emissions over the world, which contributed to over 20%. Hong Kong is a typical metropolis located in the sub-tropical region, whereas financing and servicing are the major industries supporting the development of the city. With these industries, it implies the major carbon emission is from buildings of commercial and residential sectors. A wide range of policies and researches on high efficient / green building design were conducted in the Western countries since the 90s, and there are more in the Asia Pacific since 2000. Among different countries there are many methods in calculating carbon emissions, which are similar in principle and different in the details. It is important to agree a consistenct framework on the calculation of carbon emission and study the performance of different carbon reduction strategies, hence to serve a reference for designers. This study conducted a critical review on the calculation of carbon emission, hence definition of carbon emissions. The review classified different calculation methods by 7 factors, which are the major governors on the results. All methods reviewed in the section were either current standards or methods suggested by scholars. With the critical review, a potential calculation methodology is suggested and will used for the calculation in the later part. A case study was carried out for the identification of the strategies used on two zero carbon buildings and one zero energy building. The study shows these buildings used similar strategies on the emission reduction, including photovoltaics, well insulated fabric, natural lighting, natural ventilation, high efficient lighting system and solar hot water system. A computer simulation was used to analyze the performance of different strategies that could be used on buildings in Hong Kong climate. Commercial buildings and residential buildings are selected as sample buildings for the analysis. A baseline building is setup with typical design. The computer simulation studied the strategies used by other buildings from case study and compares their effect with baseline building. The simulation shows that a zero carbon residential building is possible with sufficient offsetting on the building surface. However, office building cannot be zero carbon by applying the analyzed strategies. The study shows solar hot water is the most effective strategy for residential buildings and day lighting is the most effective strategy for office buildings. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4854374 Subjects: Sustainable buildings - China - Hong Kong Carbon dioxide mitigation - China - Hong Kong
Book Synopsis Development of an Improved Commercial Sector Energy Model for National Policy Analysis by :
Download or read book Development of an Improved Commercial Sector Energy Model for National Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific Northwest Laboratory provided support to the Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy (CE), under the Office of Planning and Assessment, to develop improved energy and environmental analysis tools. Commercial building sector energy models from the past decade were analyzed in order to provoke comment and stimulate discussion between potential model users and developers as to the appropriate structure and capability of a commercial sector energy model supported by CE. Three specific areas were examined during this review. These areas provide (1) a look at recent suggestions and guidance as to what constitutes a minimal set of requirements and capabilities for a commercial buildings energy model for CE, (2) a review of several existing models in terms of their general structure and how they match up with the requirements listed previously, and (3) an overview of a proposed improved commercial sector energy model.
Book Synopsis The Energy Efficiency and CDM in Building Sector in China by : Lu Zhou
Download or read book The Energy Efficiency and CDM in Building Sector in China written by Lu Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Framework to Assess, Model, and Enhance the Human Role in Conserving Energy in Commercial Buildings by :
Download or read book A Comprehensive Framework to Assess, Model, and Enhance the Human Role in Conserving Energy in Commercial Buildings written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy conservation and sustainability are subjects of great interest today, especially in the commercial building sector which is witnessing a very high and growing demand for energy. Traditionally, efforts to reduce energy consumption in this sector consisted of researching and developing energy efficient building technologies and systems. On the other hand, recent studies indicate that human actions are major determinants of building energy performance and can lead to excessive energy use even in advanced low-energy buildings. As a result, it is essential to determine if the approach to future energy reduction initiatives should remain solely technology-focused, or if a human-focused approach is also needed to complement advancements in technology and improve building operation and performance. In practice, while technology-focused solutions have been extensively researched, promoted, and adopted in commercial buildings, research efforts on the role of human actions and energy use behaviors in energy conservation remain very limited. This study fills the missing gap in literature by presenting a comprehensive framework to (1) understand and quantify the influence of human actions on building energy performance, (2) model building occupants' energy use behaviors and account for potential changes in these behaviors over time, and (3) test and optimize different human-focused energy reduction interventions to increase their adoption in commercial buildings. Results are significant and prove that human actions have a major role to play in reducing the energy intensity of the commercial building sector. This sheds the light on the need for a shift in how people currently use and control different buildings systems, as this is crucial to ensure efficient building operation and to maximize the return on investment in energy-efficient technologies. Furthermore, this study proposes methods and tools that can be applied on any individual or groups of commercial buildings to evaluate the human impact on their energy performance. This is expected to boost research on the topic and promote the integration of human-focused interventions in large-scale energy reduction initiatives and policies. Finally, this dissertation presents a roadmap for the future challenges to energy conservation and the steps to take towards a more sustainable building sector and society.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Building Envelope and Orientation on Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong by : Wai-chung Chan (Christopher)
Download or read book The Effects of Building Envelope and Orientation on Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong written by Wai-chung Chan (Christopher) and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
