An Empirical Investigation Into the Accounting, Accountability and Effectiveness of WAQF Management in the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia

Download An Empirical Investigation Into the Accounting, Accountability and Effectiveness of WAQF Management in the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Empirical Investigation Into the Accounting, Accountability and Effectiveness of WAQF Management in the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia by : Siti Alawiah Siraj

Download or read book An Empirical Investigation Into the Accounting, Accountability and Effectiveness of WAQF Management in the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia written by Siti Alawiah Siraj and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waqf and its management in Malaysia have been very much neglected by the relevant authorities for a relatively long period of time. In Malaysia, waqf is managed by State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), which is the sole trustees for waqf resources. The emergence of Islamic economics and the pressing demands for greater countability and better performance in the public sector organisations provided an impetus for the waqf revival in Malaysia. Thus this study empirically investigated the accounting, accountability and effectiveness of the waqf management in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey examining the current practices of the principal management activities including strategic planning, budgeting and budgetary control, performance measurement and financial reporting was distributed to thirteen SIRCs and two semi-autonomous baytulmal institutions, one in Sabah and the other in Sarawak. Furthermore, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted on the senior and operational officers of SIRCs/baytulmal institutions, the Department of Awqaf, Zakah and Hajj (JAWHAR), the Malaysia Waqf Foundation (MWF) and the National Audit Department (NAD). Essentially, the study revealed a number of noticeable findings with regard to the principal management activities in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions. Firstly, budgeting in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions appeared to function mainly as planning and control tools. The strict approach to budgetary control in these organisations was to ensure the adherence of spending to the budgets while the efficiency and effectiveness of resource consumption were less emphasised. Delegation of authority and responsibility to operational managers was restricted to budgetary control. Secondly, there were evidences of conspicuous discrepancies in the financial reporting practice. This may have been attributed by the absence of specific accounting framework for Islamic assets and funds held by SIRCs/baytulmal institutions. The financial reporting practice in these organisations had less focused on the stewardship/accountability dimension expected of the public sector and non-profit organisations. Thirdly, performance measurement in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions appeared to be focusing on enhancing the administrative capacity of the organisations. Fourthly, the existence of strategic planning in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions was very limited and mainly conditioned on external requirements. Finally, the study also revealed the presence of inherent challenges in the waqf management in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions, namely, financial inadequacy, shortages of manpower, and limited administrative capacity. The present practice of the principal management activities and the inherent challenges had a profound impact on the extent of accountability and effectiveness of the waqf management in Malaysia.

Waqf Development and Innovation

Download Waqf Development and Innovation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000481840
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waqf Development and Innovation by : Syed Nazim Ali

Download or read book Waqf Development and Innovation written by Syed Nazim Ali and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waqf is one of the most potent socio-economic tools for reducing public sector deficit and breaking the chain of intergenerational poverty. Providing a high-level discussion on waqf development and innovation within the context of modern socio-economic and legal developments, this book examines the importance and potentials of waqf and the issues relating to its legal and regulatory framework. The research delivers future directions for countries that plan to explore this socio-economic institution. Readers and policymakers will be able to replicate successful experiments and learn from some failed initiatives to seek alternative funding platforms to support the fiscal policies of developing countries. The volume discusses the relevance and novel application of waqf in the modern economic system and social development, it reviews applicable laws and regulations pertaining to waqf and trust laws and examines critical, cross-country case studies and experiences. Setting an agenda for further researchers in the field of waqf, this comprehensive high-level analysis, with case studies from leading jurisdictions across the world, is a key resource for researchers, policymakers and institutions interested in charitable endowments, Islamic finance, and social finance.

Waqf in Islamic Economics and Finance

Download Waqf in Islamic Economics and Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040225268
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waqf in Islamic Economics and Finance by : Muhammad Ayub

Download or read book Waqf in Islamic Economics and Finance written by Muhammad Ayub and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waqf is emerging globally as a distinctive institution, serving as a vital bridge between societal and economic needs, and resource allocation. Waqfs functioning in some parts of the world, of a variety of assets such as cash, stocks, securities, intellectual property rights, and other financial instruments by individual, institutional, and corporate wāqifs, are paving the way for financial and social inclusion. This book explains how the system of awqāf leads to welfare in society by facilitating financial and social intermediation. It describes waqf in accessible terms, focusing on how it helps people, communities, and nations, and how it can help make societies equitable, peaceful, efficient, and more prosperous. It comprises eight key themes, including a brief overview of the historical role of waqf in various periods in Muslim societies in socioeconomic sectors; the evolutionary aspects of waqf as an institution; the role of waqf in promoting entrepreneurship; the role of awqāf system in an economy by facilitating financial and social intermediation; potential options for using waqf as financial intermediation; an overview of the management and regulation of waqf entities; the organizational and legal framework for the institution of waqf; and key findings and recommendations for realizing the capacity of waqf in the pursuit of socioeconomic welfare. Specifically, the book takes Pakistan as a case study. This research-oriented book is tailored to readers interested in understanding the fundamental concepts of Islamic finance and social welfare, without requiring a background in the discipline. It caters to academics, researchers, policymakers, and those keen on exploring the transformative potential of waqf to achieve societal welfare and shared economic growth.

Challenges and Impacts of Religious Endowments on Global Economics and Finance

Download Challenges and Impacts of Religious Endowments on Global Economics and Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799812472
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Challenges and Impacts of Religious Endowments on Global Economics and Finance by : Saiti, Buerhan

Download or read book Challenges and Impacts of Religious Endowments on Global Economics and Finance written by Saiti, Buerhan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty is one of the top problems the Muslim community faces today. A scholastic approach towards a solution based on the values and cultural contexts of the Muslim community holds great importance and significance to the Islamic civilizations and modern economic and cultural applications in the world. Challenges and Impacts of Religious Endowments on Global Economics and Finance is a pivotal reference source that examines the role of waqf and similar endowments in Islamic financial systems and how these religious endowments impact global economics and finance. While highlighting topics such as Islamic finance, risk management, and economic development, this publication explores adopting Islamic approaches to contemporary socio-economic issues and the methods of content analysis and meta-analysis methods. This book is ideally designed for professionals, economist regulators, financial analysts, academics, researchers, and postgraduate students seeking current research on modernized Islamic economic models in order to tackle the problem of fiscal deficiency.

Islamic Social Finance

Download Islamic Social Finance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1803929804
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Islamic Social Finance by : Shafinar Ismail

Download or read book Islamic Social Finance written by Shafinar Ismail and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islamic Social Finance provides an introduction to the Waqf system, which has played a significant socio-economic role throughout the history of Islamic civilization. In a contemporary framework, Waqf creates new networks between micro-entrepreneurs, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), and entrepreneurship through voluntary donations made by individuals in a society. In other contexts, Waqf supports the financial system and contributes to the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic

Download Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031080904
Total Pages : 1022 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic by : Bahaaeddin Alareeni

Download or read book Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic written by Bahaaeddin Alareeni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 1022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2021) organized by EuroMid Academy of Business & Technology (EMABT), held in Istanbul, between 06–07 November 2021. In response to the call for papers for ICBT2021, 485 papers were submitted for presentation and ‎inclusion in the proceedings of the conference. After a careful blind refereeing process, 292 papers ‎were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings from forty countries. Each of these ‎chapters was evaluated through an editorial board, and each chapter was passed through a double-blind peer-review process.‎ The book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, ‎entrepreneurship, business administration, ‎accounting, and economics that can contribute to business ‎development in countries, such as ‎learning machines, artificial intelligence, big data, ‎deep ‎‎learning, game-based learning, management ‎information system, ‎accounting information ‎system, knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and ‎social enterprise, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, business policy and strategic ‎management, international management and organizations, organizational behavior and HRM, ‎operations management and logistics research, controversial issues in management and organizations, ‎turnaround, corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, legal issues, business ethics, and firm ‎gerial accounting and firm financial affairs, non-traditional research, and creative ‎methodologies. These proceedings are reflecting quality research contributing theoretical and practical implications, for those who are wise to apply the technology within any business sector. It is our hope that the contribution of this book proceedings will be of the academic level which even decision-makers in the various economic and executive-level will get to appreciate.

Accountability in Managing Waqf Properties

Download Accountability in Managing Waqf Properties PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Accountability in Managing Waqf Properties by : Ahmad Zamri Osman

Download or read book Accountability in Managing Waqf Properties written by Ahmad Zamri Osman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates how waqf officers in two State Religious Councils (SRCs) in Malaysia undertake their responsibilities and duties of accountability to inform and improve the management of waqf properties for the benefit of beneficiaries and the public. The thesis uses the concept of holistic accountability by O'Dwyer & Unerman (2008) to conceptualise the relationship between waqf officers (accountors) and waqf stakeholders (accountees). Two key components of holistic accountability are identified, i.e., hierarchical upward and downward accountability. The religious setting of waqf presents an opportunity to examine how Islamic values influence the way holistic accountability is enacted and experienced. The thesis uses the concept of felt accountability to assess the extent to which this occurs. Semi-structured interviews are employed to understand the waqf officers' perception of the extent to which they discharge their responsibilities and duties of accountability. This data collection method is complemented by non-participant observation and documentary analysis. The study finds that Islamic values, such as belief in the Day of Judgement, encourage the officers to undertake their responsibility and duty of accountability in a proactive and creative way. This is explained in the thesis as felt accountability, an individualised . perception of accountability that provides a powerful motivation for waqf officers to discharge their downward accountability. However, the study also finds that the impact of felt accountability on holistic accountability is influenced by the organisational Structure of the SRC. Hierarchical structures may constrain officers' felt accountability whilst decentralised structures may offer too much flexibility to waqf officers.

Waqf Accounting in Malaysian State Islamic Religious Institutions

Download Waqf Accounting in Malaysian State Islamic Religious Institutions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waqf Accounting in Malaysian State Islamic Religious Institutions by : Hisham Hj Yaacob

Download or read book Waqf Accounting in Malaysian State Islamic Religious Institutions written by Hisham Hj Yaacob and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Empirical Investigation Into the Role, Independence and Effectiveness of Shari'ah Boards in the Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry

Download An Empirical Investigation Into the Role, Independence and Effectiveness of Shari'ah Boards in the Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (835 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Empirical Investigation Into the Role, Independence and Effectiveness of Shari'ah Boards in the Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry by : Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan

Download or read book An Empirical Investigation Into the Role, Independence and Effectiveness of Shari'ah Boards in the Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry written by Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islamic banks' operations are guided by the principles and values laid down in Islam (i.e., the Shari'ah). To ensure Shari'ah compliance on the operations of the bank and to inspire the confidence of shareholders and stakeholders, each Islamic bank is required to establish a Shari'ah board. This study empirically investigates the Shari'ah boards operating in the Malaysian Islamic banking industry and specifically examines the influence of the dual-layer Shari'ah governance system on Malaysian Islamic banking practices where, besides the regulated Shari'ah board, Shari'ah supervision at the highest level is undertaken by the Shari'ah Advisory Council (SAC) of the Central Bank of Malaysia. Two separate questionnaire surveys were distributed to banks offering Islamic banking in Malaysia. One was sent to the Shari'ah department of the Islamic banks and the second to the branch managers to assess the current practice and the expectations regarding how the issues investigated are being practised by the Shari'ah board. Furthermore, a series of in-depth interviews were undertaken with important stakeholders within the Malaysian Shari'ah governance framework. Essentially, this study indicates that Shari'ah boards do in the main undertake a valuable Shari'ah advisory role and reveals the existence of an established structure for Shari'ah reviews. However, the Shari'ah reviews were found not to be effectively implemented by the Shari'ah boards thus raising concern regarding the quality of the Shari'ah reports issued by the boards highlighting both the importance and need for an external Shari'ah audit. In addition, the composition of the Shari'ah board members is revealed to have influence over the quality of Shari'ah decisions issued by the board. Moreover, the integrity of the Shari'ah board members, such as their ethical value, reputation and scholarly background, was found to be important in influencing its accountability and independence. Interestingly, Shari'ah boards were also perceived by branch managers of not providing the required level of involvement. The study also emphasises that branch managers felt the Shari'ah Advisory Council (SAC) to be the most important party within the Malaysian Shari'ah governance framework, and that the dual-layer Shari'ah governance system was viewed as having contributed to the standardisation of Islamic banking. Also, it appears that the role played by the Shari'ah Advisory Council (SAC) is not limiting creativity in developing Islamic banking products.

Cash Waqf

Download Cash Waqf PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789833927968
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (279 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cash Waqf by : Magda Ismail Abdel Mohsin

Download or read book Cash Waqf written by Magda Ismail Abdel Mohsin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Evaluation Framework for Waqf Land Administration and Management in Malaysia

Download The Evaluation Framework for Waqf Land Administration and Management in Malaysia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Evaluation Framework for Waqf Land Administration and Management in Malaysia by : Salbiah Mokhtar

Download or read book The Evaluation Framework for Waqf Land Administration and Management in Malaysia written by Salbiah Mokhtar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waqf is defined as the act of charity where the donors sustain their property from personal use and share it for the benefits of the public. In Malaysia, the administration and management of waqf land lay under each State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) that acted as legal trustees of waqf land. The SIRCs faces several issues that encompass waqf land development, thus reflect the weaknesses in the administration systems that need an immediate attention. Currently, there are no standard administration and management aspects that guided the SIRCs. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an evaluation framework for the administration and management that is adopted from land administration evaluation framework. The evaluation framework can serve as self evaluation for the SIRC or to the monitoring agency such as the Department of Waqf, Zakah and Hajj (JAWHAR) in order to improve the waqf land administration which eventually, can result in standardised waqf land administration and management throughout Malaysia. The study comprises two methodologies for triangulation and validity purposes. The first one is a content analysis of the literature reviews to identify the waqf administration and management strategies that will be used as evaluation tools. The second method is the analysis of selected case studies that adopts the land administration evaluation framework in order to come out with refined evaluation aspects. The findings from content analysis revealed current and innovative strategies in the administration of waqf land. Meanwhile, analyses of case studies revealed significant strategies practiced by the selected SIRCs that worth emulated by other SIRCs. Both findings are incorporated into a comprehensive waqf land administration evaluation framework. The final stage is to quantify the evaluation aspects by using Goal Achievement Matrix approach. The quantified evaluation framework calculates the score of the selected case studies. The result from the evaluation serves as a great reflection to waqf institutions, where the religious councils will have a better idea on their strength and weaknesses as well as their opportunity and threat from the evaluation framework. Additionally, the proposed evaluation framework provides solutions to the problems since the evaluation aspects listed from the sets of strategies are to improve waqf land administration. Hence, hopefully the evaluation framework contributes to the betterment of waqf land administration and management.

Determinants of Financial Reporting Practices on Waqf by Malaysian's State Islamic Religious Councils

Download Determinants of Financial Reporting Practices on Waqf by Malaysian's State Islamic Religious Councils PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Determinants of Financial Reporting Practices on Waqf by Malaysian's State Islamic Religious Councils by : Siti Rokyah bte Md. Zain

Download or read book Determinants of Financial Reporting Practices on Waqf by Malaysian's State Islamic Religious Councils written by Siti Rokyah bte Md. Zain and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Commitment in Waqf Development Through Cross-Sector Collaboration Between Islamic Financial Institutions and State Islamic Religious Councils

Download Commitment in Waqf Development Through Cross-Sector Collaboration Between Islamic Financial Institutions and State Islamic Religious Councils PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Commitment in Waqf Development Through Cross-Sector Collaboration Between Islamic Financial Institutions and State Islamic Religious Councils by : Siti Sara Binti Ibrahim

Download or read book Commitment in Waqf Development Through Cross-Sector Collaboration Between Islamic Financial Institutions and State Islamic Religious Councils written by Siti Sara Binti Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective - Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) are founded upon principles of encouraging economic wellbeing for the betterment of society. Despite this, fresh measures are required to ascertain the sustainability of IFIs due to the deterioration recorded in annual rate growth levels that has slumped to 8.2% in 2016, compared to 24.2% in 2011. Similarly, waqf, which aims to contribute to socio-economic growth, appears to underperform due to inefficient management and lack of resources from State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia. Therefore, growing attention is given to adding value to related operations so as to continuously expand without undermining their obligation towards societal welfare.Methodology/Technique - In responding to this issue, Value-Based Intermediation (VBI) through a cross-sector collaboration strategy has been proposed in this paper to streamline the investments of IFIs in executing their business responsibilities in a strategic manner, especially to generate sustainable socio-economic growth through waqf development projects. Nonetheless, in order to strategically perform in project collaboration for sustainability, strong commitment from IFIs and SIRCs is needed.Findings - A significantly positive relationship was discovered between the independent variables (affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuous commitment) and organisational sustainability.Novelty - The paper concludes with an assumption of the readiness of both organisations in effectively developing waqf projects, along with several recommendations for future studies in further contributing to the success of waqf development which will contribute to organisational sustainability.Type of Paper - Empirical.

Performance of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia

Download Performance of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performance of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia by : Muntaka Alhaji Zakari

Download or read book Performance of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia written by Muntaka Alhaji Zakari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As charity organisations founded on solid Islamic religious values to meet specific religious, social, political and economic objectives, it is necessary to ensure that waqf institutions monitor their own performance and achieve their objectives effectively, efficiently and in the most economic manner. However, allegations of mismanagement have long been the concern of researchers because of the severe deterioration of waqf fortunes. Although this has been widely acknowledged, limited studies have investigated how waqf institutions assess their performance and the extent of their efficiency and effectiveness. This research examined the performance of waqf institutions in Malaysia using content and ratio analysis of the 2008 audited financial statements of the waqf institutions. Administrative ratio, returns on investment, rental efficiency ratio and revenue expense ratio were used to measure efficiency. Equity balances, administrative costs, revenue concentration index were applied for effectiveness performance evaluation. The findings indicate that, on average, the institutions were inefficient but satisfactorily effective in administering and managing waqf properties. Although this is the first humble attempt, it should contribute to the performance measurement literature, provide a reference for researchers and students, and guide policy makers concerning the formulation of policies for the revitalisation of waqfs.

The Administration of Waqf

Download The Administration of Waqf PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (591 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Administration of Waqf by : Siti Mashitoh Mahamood

Download or read book The Administration of Waqf written by Siti Mashitoh Mahamood and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Administration of Waqf

Download The Administration of Waqf PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (591 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Administration of Waqf by : Siti Mashitoh Mahamood

Download or read book The Administration of Waqf written by Siti Mashitoh Mahamood and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Accountability Verstehen

Download Accountability Verstehen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (529 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Accountability Verstehen by : Abdul Rahmin Abdul-Rahman

Download or read book Accountability Verstehen written by Abdul Rahmin Abdul-Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: