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An Approximate Distribution Of Delta Hedging Errors In A Jump Diffusion Model With Discrete Trading And Transaction Costs
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Book Synopsis An Approximate Distribution of Delta-Hedging Errors in a Jump-Diffusion Model with Discrete Trading and Transaction Costs by : Artur Sepp
Download or read book An Approximate Distribution of Delta-Hedging Errors in a Jump-Diffusion Model with Discrete Trading and Transaction Costs written by Artur Sepp and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce a jump-diffusion model for asset returns with jumps drawn from a mixture of normal distributions and show that this model adequately fits the historical data of the Samp;P500 index. We consider delta-hedging strategy for vanilla options under the diffusion model (DM) and the proposed jump-diffusion model (JDM) assuming discrete trading intervals and transaction costs, and derive an approximation for the probability density function (PDF) of the profit-and-loss (Pamp;L) of the delta-hedging strategy under the both models. We find that, under the log-normal model by Black-Scholes-Merton, the actual PDF of the Pamp;L can be well approximated by the chi-squared distribution with specific parameters. We derive an approximation for the Pamp;L volatility in the DM and JDM. We show that, under the both DM and JDM, the expected loss due to transaction costs is inversely proportional to the square root of the hedging frequency. We apply the mean-variance analysis to find the optimal hedging frequency given the hedger's risk tolerance. Since under the JDM it is impossible to reduce the Pamp;L volatility by increasing the hedging frequency, we consider an alternative hedging strategy, following which the Pamp;L volatility can be reduced by increasing the hedging frequency.
Book Synopsis Value Of Uncertainty, The: Dealing With Risk In The Equity Derivatives Market by : George J Kaye
Download or read book Value Of Uncertainty, The: Dealing With Risk In The Equity Derivatives Market written by George J Kaye and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with the extraordinary growth in the derivatives market over the last decade, the impact of model choice, and model parameter usage, has become a major source of valuation uncertainty. This book concentrates on equity derivatives and charts, step by step, how key assumptions on the dynamics of stocks impact on the value of exotics. The presentation is technical, but maintains a strong focus on intuition and practical application./a
Book Synopsis When You Hedge Discretely by : Artur Sepp
Download or read book When You Hedge Discretely written by Artur Sepp and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider the delta-hedging strategy for a vanilla option under the discrete hedging and transaction costs, assuming that an option is delta-hedged using the Black-Scholes-Merton model with the log-normal volatility implied by the market price of the option. We analyze the expected profit-and-loss (P&L) of the delta-hedging strategy assuming the four possible dynamics of asset returns under the statistical measure: the log-normal diffusion, the jump-diffusion, the stochastic volatility and the stochastic volatility with jumps. For all of the four models, we derive analytic formulas for the expected P&L, expected transaction costs, and P&L volatility assuming hedging at fixed times. Using these formulas, we formulate the problem of finding the optimal hedging frequency to maximize the Sharpe ratio of the delta-hedging strategy. Also, we show that the Sharpe ratio of the delta-hedging strategy can be improved by incorporating the price and delta bands for the rebalancing of the delta-hedge and provide analytical approximations for computing the optimal bands in our optimization approach. As illustrations, we show that our method provides a very good approximation to the actual Sharpe ratio obtained by Monte Carlo simulations under the time-based re-hedging. In contrary to Monte Carlo simulations, our analytic approach provide a fast and an accurate way to estimate the risk-reward characteristic of the delta-hedging strategy for real time computations.
Book Synopsis Jump-diffusion Processes and Affine Term Structure Models by : J. Benson Durham
Download or read book Jump-diffusion Processes and Affine Term Structure Models written by J. Benson Durham and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affine term structure models in which the short rate follows a jump-diffusion process are difficult to solve, and the parameters of such models are hard to estimate. Without analytical answers to the partial difference differential equation (PDDE) for bond prices implied by jump-diffusion processes, one must find a numerical solution to the PDDE or exactly solve an approximate PDDE. Although the literature focuses on a single linearization technique to estimate the PDDE, this paper outlines alternative methods that seem to improve accuracy. Also, closed-form solutions, numerical estimates, and closed-form approximations of the PDDE each ultimately depend on the presumed distribution of jump sizes, and this paper explores a broader set of possible densities that may be more consistent with intuition, including a bi-modal Gaussian mixture. GMM and MLE of one- and two-factor jump-diffusion models produce some evidence for jumps, but sensitivity analyses suggest sizeable confidence intervals around the parameters.
Book Synopsis Approximate Hedging with Transaction Costs and Leland's Algorithm in Stochastic Volatility Markets by : Huu-Thai Nguyen
Download or read book Approximate Hedging with Transaction Costs and Leland's Algorithm in Stochastic Volatility Markets written by Huu-Thai Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies the problem of approximate hedging with constant proportional transaction costs in stochastic volatility models in different situations, using a simpler form for adjusted volatility in the Leland's algorithm. We show that asymptotic properties of hedging error are the same to those in deterministic volatility models and the rate of convergence can be impoved by controlling the model parameter. These can be extended to the case where transaction costs are defined by a general rule. We also show that jumps appear in asset price and/or in stochastic volatility do not affect asymptotic property of hedging error. In the next part, we consider the problem of approximate hedging in the presence of liquidity risks suggested by Cetin, Jarrow and Protter, of which proportional transaction costs models are a particular case. We show that liquidity costs due to smooth supply surves can be ignored using Leland's increasing volatility principle. In the third part, we study the case where the option is written on multiple risky assets. We demonstrate that approximately complete replication can be reached for exchange options using the same parameter suggested by Leland, but it is far from being obvious for other kinds of exotic options. Finally, we propose a simple method to reduce the option price which clearly approaches to the super hedging price in Leland's algorithm. whenever the seller accepts to take a risk defined by a given significance level.
Book Synopsis Delta-Hedging Works by : Hans Buehler
Download or read book Delta-Hedging Works written by Hans Buehler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article provides new criteria for the completeness of market driven by diffusion processes. The main result is that if the value functions for smooth payoffs with compact support are weakly differentiable in the direction of where the driving process is volatile, then the market of payoffs dependent on the process is complete.The intuitive meaning is that as soon as there is some weak concept of "delta" for very smooth payoff functions, then we can approximate all measurable functions and the market becomes complete.In particular, we show that if the coefficients of the SDE are C1 almost surely, the the market of payoffs measurable with respect to the market process is complete. Our approach is in marked contrast to the classic requirement that the volatility matrix of the SDE is invertible in order to retrieve the background driving motion which is much stronger and often violated in practice due to differing trading times for underlyings in different time zones. It is also not a very natural approach since a period of zero volatility 'in one direction' should not impede replicability in another risk factor.
Book Synopsis Jump Diffusion Option with Transaction Costs by : Oana Mocioalca
Download or read book Jump Diffusion Option with Transaction Costs written by Oana Mocioalca and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financial Modelling with Jump Processes by : Peter Tankov
Download or read book Financial Modelling with Jump Processes written by Peter Tankov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER of a Riskbook.com Best of 2004 Book Award! During the last decade, financial models based on jump processes have acquired increasing popularity in risk management and option pricing. Much has been published on the subject, but the technical nature of most papers makes them difficult for nonspecialists to understand, and the mathematic
Book Synopsis High-Frequency Financial Econometrics by : Yacine Aït-Sahalia
Download or read book High-Frequency Financial Econometrics written by Yacine Aït-Sahalia and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the statistical and econometric methods for analyzing high-frequency financial data High-frequency trading is an algorithm-based computerized trading practice that allows firms to trade stocks in milliseconds. Over the last fifteen years, the use of statistical and econometric methods for analyzing high-frequency financial data has grown exponentially. This growth has been driven by the increasing availability of such data, the technological advancements that make high-frequency trading strategies possible, and the need of practitioners to analyze these data. This comprehensive book introduces readers to these emerging methods and tools of analysis. Yacine Aït-Sahalia and Jean Jacod cover the mathematical foundations of stochastic processes, describe the primary characteristics of high-frequency financial data, and present the asymptotic concepts that their analysis relies on. Aït-Sahalia and Jacod also deal with estimation of the volatility portion of the model, including methods that are robust to market microstructure noise, and address estimation and testing questions involving the jump part of the model. As they demonstrate, the practical importance and relevance of jumps in financial data are universally recognized, but only recently have econometric methods become available to rigorously analyze jump processes. Aït-Sahalia and Jacod approach high-frequency econometrics with a distinct focus on the financial side of matters while maintaining technical rigor, which makes this book invaluable to researchers and practitioners alike.
Book Synopsis Markets with Transaction Costs by : Yuri Kabanov
Download or read book Markets with Transaction Costs written by Yuri Kabanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is the first monograph on this highly important subject.
Book Synopsis FX Derivatives Trader School by : Giles Jewitt
Download or read book FX Derivatives Trader School written by Giles Jewitt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to real-world derivatives trading FX Derivatives Trader School is the definitive guide to the technical and practical knowledge required for successful foreign exchange derivatives trading. Accessible in style and comprehensive in coverage, the book guides the reader through both basic and advanced derivative pricing and risk management topics. The basics of financial markets and trading are covered, plus practical derivatives mathematics is introduced with reference to real-world trading and risk management. Derivative contracts are covered in detail from a trader's perspective using risk profiles and pricing under different derivative models. Analysis is approached generically to enable new products to be understood by breaking the risk into fundamental building blocks. To assist with learning, the book also contains Excel practicals which will deepen understanding and help build useful skills. The book covers of a wide variety of topics, including: Derivative exposures within risk management Volatility surface construction Implied volatility and correlation risk Practical tips for students on trading internships and junior traders Market analysis techniques FX derivatives trading requires mathematical aptitude, risk management skill, and the ability to work quickly and accurately under pressure. There is a tremendous gap between option pricing formulas and the knowledge required to be a successful derivatives trader. FX Derivatives Trader School is unique in bridging that gap.
Book Synopsis Optimization-Based Models for Measuring and Hedging Risk in Fixed Income Markets by : Johan Hagenbjörk
Download or read book Optimization-Based Models for Measuring and Hedging Risk in Fixed Income Markets written by Johan Hagenbjörk and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global fixed income market is an enormous financial market whose value by far exceeds that of the public stock markets. The interbank market consists of interest rate derivatives, whose primary purpose is to manage interest rate risk. The credit market primarily consists of the bond market, which links investors to companies, institutions, and governments with borrowing needs. This dissertation takes an optimization perspective upon modeling both these areas of the fixed-income market. Legislators on the national markets require financial actors to value their financial assets in accordance with market prices. Thus, prices of many assets, which are not publicly traded, must be determined mathematically. The financial quantities needed for pricing are not directly observable but must be measured through solving inverse optimization problems. These measurements are based on the available market prices, which are observed with various degrees of measurement noise. For the interbank market, the relevant financial quantities consist of term structures of interest rates, which are curves displaying the market rates for different maturities. For the bond market, credit risk is an additional factor that can be modeled through default intensity curves and term structures of recovery rates in case of default. By formulating suitable optimization models, the different underlying financial quantities can be measured in accordance with observable market prices, while conditions for economic realism are imposed. Measuring and managing risk is closely connected to the measurement of the underlying financial quantities. Through a data-driven method, we can show that six systematic risk factors can be used to explain almost all variance in the interest rate curves. By modeling the dynamics of these six risk factors, possible outcomes can be simulated in the form of term structure scenarios. For short-term simulation horizons, this results in a representation of the portfolio value distribution that is consistent with the realized outcomes from historically observed term structures. This enables more accurate measurements of interest rate risk, where our proposed method exhibits both lower risk and lower pricing errors compared to traditional models. We propose a method for decomposing changes in portfolio values for an arbitrary portfolio into the risk factors that affect the value of each instrument. By demonstrating the method for the six systematic risk factors identified for the interbank market, we show that almost all changes in portfolio value and portfolio variance can be attributed to these risk factors. Additional risk factors and approximation errors are gathered into two terms, which can be studied to ensure the quality of the performance attribution, and possibly improve it. To eliminate undesired risk within trading books, banks use hedging. Traditional methods do not take transaction costs into account. We, therefore, propose a method for managing the risks in the interbank market through a stochastic optimization model that considers transaction costs. This method is based on a scenario approximation of the optimization problem where the six systematic risk factors are simulated, and the portfolio variance is weighted against the transaction costs. This results in a method that is preferred over the traditional methods for all risk-averse investors. For the credit market, we use data from the bond market in combination with the interbank market to make accurate measurements of the financial quantities. We address the notoriously difficult problem of separating default risk from recovery risk. In addition to the previous identified six systematic risk factors for risk-free interests, we identify four risk factors that explain almost all variance in default intensities, while a single risk factor seems sufficient to model the recovery risk. Overall, this is a higher number of risk factors than is usually found in the literature. Through a simple model, we can measure the variance in bond prices in terms of these systematic risk factors, and through performance attribution, we relate these values to the empirically realized variances from the quoted bond prices. De globala ränte- och kreditmarknaderna är enorma finansiella marknader vars sammanlagda värden vida överstiger de publika aktiemarknadernas. Räntemarknaden består av räntederivat vars främsta användningsområde är hantering av ränterisker. Kreditmarknaden utgörs i första hand av obligationsmarknaden som syftar till att förmedla pengar från investerare till företag, institutioner och stater med upplåningsbehov. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utifrån ett optimeringsperspektiv modellera både ränte- och obligationsmarknaden. Lagstiftarna på de nationella marknaderna kräver att de finansiella aktörerna värderar sina finansiella tillgångar i enlighet med marknadspriser. Därmed måste priserna på många instrument, som inte handlas publikt, beräknas matematiskt. De finansiella storheter som krävs för denna prissättning är inte direkt observerbara, utan måste mätas genom att lösa inversa optimeringsproblem. Dessa mätningar görs utifrån tillgängliga marknadspriser, som observeras med varierande grad av mätbrus. För räntemarknaden utgörs de relevanta finansiella storheterna av räntekurvor som åskådliggör marknadsräntorna för olika löptider. För obligationsmarknaden utgör kreditrisken en ytterligare faktor som modelleras via fallissemangsintensitetskurvor och kurvor kopplade till förväntat återvunnet kapital vid eventuellt fallissemang. Genom att formulera lämpliga optimeringsmodeller kan de olika underliggande finansiella storheterna mätas i enlighet med observerbara marknadspriser samtidigt som ekonomisk realism eftersträvas. Mätning och hantering av risker är nära kopplat till mätningen av de underliggande finansiella storheterna. Genom en datadriven metod kan vi visa att sex systematiska riskfaktorer kan användas för att förklara nästan all varians i räntekurvorna. Genom att modellera dynamiken i dessa sex riskfaktorer kan tänkbara utfall för räntekurvor simuleras. För kortsiktiga simuleringshorisonter resulterar detta i en representation av fördelningen av portföljvärden som väl överensstämmer med de realiserade utfallen från historiskt observerade räntekurvor. Detta möjliggör noggrannare mätningar av ränterisk där vår föreslagna metod uppvisar såväl lägre risk som mindre prissättningsfel jämfört med traditionella modeller. Vi föreslår en metod för att dekomponera portföljutvecklingen för en godtycklig portfölj till de riskfaktorer som påverkar värdet för respektive instrument. Genom att demonstrera metoden för de sex systematiska riskfaktorerna som identifierats för räntemarknaden visar vi att nästan all portföljutveckling och portföljvarians kan härledas till dessa riskfaktorer. Övriga riskfaktorer och approximationsfel samlas i två termer, vilka kan användas för att säkerställa och eventuellt förbättra kvaliteten i prestationshärledningen. För att eliminera oönskad risk i sina tradingböcker använder banker sig av hedging. Traditionella metoder tar ingen hänsyn till transaktionskostnader. Vi föreslår därför en metod för att hantera riskerna på räntemarknaden genom en stokastisk optimeringsmodell som också tar hänsyn till transaktionskostnader. Denna metod bygger på en scenarioapproximation av optimeringsproblemet där de sex systematiska riskfaktorerna simuleras och portföljvariansen vägs mot transaktionskostnaderna. Detta resulterar i en metod som, för alla riskaverta investerare, är att föredra framför de traditionella metoderna. På kreditmarknaden använder vi data från obligationsmarknaden i kombination räntemarknaden för att göra noggranna mätningar av de finansiella storheterna. Vi angriper det erkänt svåra problemet att separera fallissemangsrisk från återvinningsrisk. Förutom de tidigare sex systematiska riskfaktorerna för riskfri ränta, identifierar vi fyra riskfaktorer som förklarar nästan all varians i fallissemangsintensiteter, medan en enda riskfaktor tycks räcka för att modellera återvinningsrisken. Sammanlagt är detta ett större antal riskfaktorer än vad som brukar användas i litteraturen. Via en enkel modell kan vi mäta variansen i obligationspriser i termer av dessa systematiska riskfaktorer och genom prestationshärledningen relatera dessa värden till de empiriskt realiserade varianserna från kvoterade obligationspriser.
Book Synopsis The SABR/LIBOR Market Model by : Riccardo Rebonato
Download or read book The SABR/LIBOR Market Model written by Riccardo Rebonato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a major innovation in the interest rate space. It explains a financially motivated extension of the LIBOR Market model which accurately reproduces the prices for plain vanilla hedging instruments (swaptions and caplets) of all strikes and maturities produced by the SABR model. The authors show how to accurately recover the whole of the SABR smile surface using their extension of the LIBOR market model. This is not just a new model, this is a new way of option pricing that takes into account the need to calibrate as accurately as possible to the plain vanilla reference hedging instruments and the need to obtain prices and hedges in reasonable time whilst reproducing a realistic future evolution of the smile surface. It removes the hard choice between accuracy and time because the framework that the authors provide reproduces today's market prices of plain vanilla options almost exactly and simultaneously gives a reasonable future evolution for the smile surface. The authors take the SABR model as the starting point for their extension of the LMM because it is a good model for European options. The problem, however with SABR is that it treats each European option in isolation and the processes for the various underlyings (forward and swap rates) do not talk to each other so it isn't obvious how to relate these processes into the dynamics of the whole yield curve. With this new model, the authors bring the dynamics of the various forward rates and stochastic volatilities under a single umbrella. To ensure the absence of arbitrage they derive drift adjustments to be applied to both the forward rates and their volatilities. When this is completed, complex derivatives that depend on the joint realisation of all relevant forward rates can now be priced. Contents THE THEORETICAL SET-UP The Libor Market model The SABR Model The LMM-SABR Model IMPLEMENTATION AND CALIBRATION Calibrating the LMM-SABR model to Market Caplet prices Calibrating the LMM/SABR model to Market Swaption Prices Calibrating the Correlation Structure EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE The Empirical problem Estimating the volatility of the forward rates Estimating the correlation structure Estimating the volatility of the volatility HEDGING Hedging the Volatility Structure Hedging the Correlation Structure Hedging in conditions of market stress
Book Synopsis Theory of Rational Option Pricing by : Robert C Merton
Download or read book Theory of Rational Option Pricing written by Robert C Merton and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Asset Management by : Söhnke M. Bartram
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Asset Management written by Söhnke M. Bartram and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in presence in asset management and has revolutionized the sector in many ways. It has improved portfolio management, trading, and risk management practices by increasing efficiency, accuracy, and compliance. In particular, AI techniques help construct portfolios based on more accurate risk and return forecasts and more complex constraints. Trading algorithms use AI to devise novel trading signals and execute trades with lower transaction costs. AI also improves risk modeling and forecasting by generating insights from new data sources. Finally, robo-advisors owe a large part of their success to AI techniques. Yet the use of AI can also create new risks and challenges, such as those resulting from model opacity, complexity, and reliance on data integrity.
Book Synopsis Inspired by Finance by : Yuri Kabanov
Download or read book Inspired by Finance written by Yuri Kabanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is dedicated to Marek Musiela, an eminent scholar and practitioner who is perhaps best-known for his important contributions to problems of derivative pricing, theory of term structure of interest rates, theory of defaultable securities and other topics in modern mathematical finance. It includes 25 research papers by 47 authors, established experts and newcomers alike, that cover the whole range of the "hot" topics in the discipline. The contributed articles not only give a clear picture about what is going on in this rapidly developing field of knowledge but provide methods ready for practical implementation. They also open new prospects for further studies in risk management, portfolio optimization and financial engineering.
Book Synopsis Applied Conic Finance by : Dilip Madan
Download or read book Applied Conic Finance written by Dilip Madan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive introduction to the brand new theory of conic finance, also referred to as the two-price theory, which determines bid and ask prices in a consistent and fundamentally motivated manner. Whilst theories of one price classically eliminate all risk, the concept of acceptable risks is critical to the foundations of the two-price theory which sees risk elimination as typically unattainable in a modern financial economy. Practical examples and case studies provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the theory, a variety of advanced quantitative models, and numerous real-world applications, including portfolio theory, option positioning, hedging, and trading contexts. This book offers a quantitative and practical approach for readers familiar with the basics of mathematical finance to allow them to boldly go where no quant has gone before.
