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Author : R. Wilkinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (677 download)
Download or read book Amino Acid Nutrition of the Lactating Sow written by R. Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pairat Srichana
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Amino Acid Nutrition in Gestating and Lactating Sows written by Pairat Srichana and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of amino acid requirements to maximize production performance and prevent adverse effects from nutrient deficiency is important to modern maternal dam line. Modern pregnant gilts require higher lysine requirement than previously reported. Environmental pressure is forcing the swine industry to evaluate technologies that reduce nitrogen excretion. This dissertation investigated the maximum synthetic lysine inclusion in gestation diets. Results indicated that L-lysine-HCl can be used up to 0.20% when supplemented with L-threonine. Feeding pregnant sows once or twice per day with either a corn soybean meal or a low protein amino acid supplemented diet did not affect nitrogen retention and nutrient utilization. During lactation, the optimum lysine requirement and maximum synthetic lysine inclusion were evaluated under commercial conditions. Modern sows require up to 70 g/d total lysine to maximize litter and subsequent reproductive performance. Synthetic lysine can be used up to 0.30% when L-threonine and a methionine source were supplemented.
Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309059930
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (599 download)
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Author : Chantal Farmer
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9086868037
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)
Download or read book The gestating and lactating sow written by Chantal Farmer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last book on the lactating sow was published over 15 years ago. This new book brings us up to date in current knowledge on the gestating and lactating sow. It covers new and important topics such as conditioning of gilts for optimal reproductive performance, feeding high fibre diets to gestating sows and providing various fat sources in gestation and lactation. It also describes the several key success factors to group-housing systems in gestation, which is a must due to the current move towards group-housing. The new concept of transition feeding for sows is discussed, as well as the factors involved in mammary development of gilts and sows, both of which are instrumental for maximum colostrum and/or milk yields. The impact of the human-animal interactions on sow welfare and performance is discussed with focus on new handling practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems. Updates on must-have topics, such as amino acid and energy requirements of sows, colostrum and milk yield and composition, and sow health are also provided. The subjects covered in this book will assist animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers in learning the most recent information on relevant and current topics affecting sow production, and in knowing which areas are in need of further research efforts.
Author : Lee-Anne Huber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Amino Acid Balance on Nitrogen and Lysine Utilization in Lactating Sows written by Lee-Anne Huber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) concentration and increasing crystalline amino acid (CAA) supplementation, in order to maintain constant daily intakes of Lys and other key amino acids (AA), improves dietary AA balance. The effect of improved dietary AA balance on lactation performance, nitrogen (N) and AA utilization efficiency, and AA fates must be determined for precise lactating sow diet formulation and to meet specific production objectives. Performance, N balance, mammary biopsy, and isotope tracer studies were conducted to determine the effects of improving dietary AA balance on sow and litter lactation performance, N and Lys utilization efficiencies for milk production, mRNA abundance of mammary AA (Lys) transporters, and the partitioning of dietary AA between maternal and milk protein pools. Litter growth rates and milk protein production increased with improved AA balance, at the expense of maternal N retention, particularly in peak lactation. At identical Lys intakes, there was minimal improvement in Lys utilization efficiency for milk production with improved dietary AA balance, and there were no corresponding changes in the expression of mRNA for several Lys transporters within the mammary gland. Whole-body protein turnover and tissue-specific fractional rates of protein synthesis were not influenced by dietary AA balance. Feeding lactating sows reduced CP diets with increased inclusion of CAA, to improve AA balance and to meet the requirements of limiting AA, is a feasible way to improve the utilization of N and AA for milk protein production and decrease N losses to the environment, without negatively impacting sow and litter lactation performance. Amino acid and N requirements differ from those estimated by the NRC (2012) model and among genotypes and parity of sows. The utilization efficiencies of N and AA may change across a lactation period. All of these factors should be considered when planning future research and formulating lactating sow diets.
Author : Ian Archibald McDougall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Dietary Protein and Amino-acid Requirements for the Lactating Sow written by Ian Archibald McDougall and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sai Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781687964526
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (645 download)
Download or read book Impact of a Near Ideal Amino Acid Profile on the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Lactating Sows written by Sai Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving dietary amino acid (AA) and energy efficiency in lactating sows is a potential nutritional approach to mitigate impacts of swine production on the environment. In addition, greater metabolic rate during lactation renders sows prone to heat stress (HS), therefore strategies to lessen metabolic heat production will improve sow welfare in particular given the foreseeable increase in global warming. The main hypothesis of this dissertation was that feeding a reduced protein diet with near ideal AA profile (NIAA) and a leucine:lysine of 1.14 improves the dietary essential AA (EAA) and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation, compared to feeding diets containing leucine:lysine of 1.63. To test the hypothesis, three diets were formulated iso-calorically (2,580 kcal/kg net energy), including 1) control diet with a 1.63 leucine:lysine (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) reduced CP diet with 1.14 leucine:lysine referred to as optimal (OPT; 13.75% CP) and formulated to contain a NIAA by supplementation with the limiting AA in their crystalline form to meet their minimum requirements (i.e., L-Lysine (Lys), L-Valine (Val), L-Threonine (Thr), L-Phenylalanine (Phe), DL-Methionine (Met), L-Isoleucine (Ile), L-Histidine (His), and L-Tryptophan (Trp); and 3) OPT diet with L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation to achieve CON Leu:Lys of 1.63 (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). The overall objective was to determine the efficiency of individual EAA and energy for lactation in sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU, and quantify the metabolic heat production of lactating sows fed CON and OPT. Three studies were conducted to address the following aims: 1) to estimate maximal biological efficiency value (MBEV) of EAA in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets; 2) to estimate dietary energetic efficiency, energy partitioning and heat production in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets; and 3) to measure heat production in lactating sows fed CON and OPT diets and exposed to thermal neutral and HS environments. The first study showed that feeding OPT diet improved utilization efficiency of nitrogen (N) (79.1%), arginine (61.1%), His (78.3%), Ile (65.4%), Leu (75.1%), Met + Cys (78.2%), Phe (53.4%), Phe + Tyr (69.5%) and Trp (70.1%) and maximized the efficiency of Lys (63.2%), Met (67.9%), Thr (71.0%) and Val (57.0%) for milk production over a 21-day lactation period. Leucine reduced Met utilization but did not affect that of N and other EAA. The second experiment demonstrated that feeding OPT led to greater energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. A Leu:Lys of 1.63 compared to 1.14 reduced dietary energy utilization for lactation by directing dietary energy away from the mammary gland and towards maternal pool, in part explaining the efficacy of a NIAA diet over CON. Sows fed OPT diet produced less metabolic heat and had lower body temperature when exposed to HS conditions compared to CON fed sows. In conclusion, feeding a diet with NIAA profile containing Leu:Lys of 1.14 improves dietary EAA and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation compared to feeding a diet with Leu:Lys of 1.63 and meeting SID Lys requirement with feed ingredients as the sole source of Lys. This improvement is in part due to a lower dietary Leu:Lys. Feeding lactating sows with reduced CP diets with crystalline AA supplementation to attain NIAA profile is a feasible strategy to improve efficiency of N and energy utilization, and to mitigate the impacts of HS on lactating sows and of swine production on the environment.
Author : Reza Rezaei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (939 download)
Download or read book Nutritional and Regulatory Roles for Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Milk Production by Lactating Sows written by Reza Rezaei and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both feeding and cell culture studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can enhance milk synthesis by porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMEC). In the first in vivo feeding trial, ten multiparous lactating sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.535%, or 3.07% BCAA for 29 d. The number of piglets was standardized to 9 per sow. On d 3,15 and 29 of lactation, body weights of sows and their piglets, as well as milk consumption of piglets were determined. Blood samples were obtained from sows and piglets at 2 and 1 h after feeding, respectively. The second feeding experiment was conducted with dietary supplements containing 0%, 1% or 2% monosodium glutamate (MSG). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In both feeding trials, plasma concentrations of aspartate, glutamine, citrulline, arginine, and BCAA were higher, compared to the control. Dietary supplementation with 1.535% and 3.07% BCAA increased: 1) concentrations of free and protein-bound glutamate plus glutamine in milk; 2) milk intake of piglets by 14% and 21%; and 3) daily weight gains of piglets by 19% and 28%. Dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% MSG increased: 1) concentrations of free and protein-bound glutamate plus glutamine in milk; 2) milk intake of piglets by 14% and 25%; and 3) daily weight gains of piglets by 23% and 44%. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with up to 3.07% BCAA or 2% MSG was safe and enhanced lactation in sows. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the effects of BCAA on milk production, PMEC were cultured in customized medium containing 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mM L- leucine, L-isoleucine, or L-valine, or a mixture of those three BCAA. Elevating extracellular concentrations of BCAA from 0.1 to 2 mM increased the phosphorylation of proteins in the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, the rate of protein synthesis and cell proliferation, while decreasing the abundance of proteasome and ubiquitinated protein, and the rate of protein degradation in PMEC. The findings not only advance understanding of nutritional regulation of lactation but also provide a new strategy to improve milk production by livestock, women, and other mammals. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154999
Author : Xinfu Guan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Amino Acid Trans-membrane Transport, Net Uptake, and Intracellular Kinetics in the Porcine Mammary Gland During Lactation written by Xinfu Guan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel Bryan Jones
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Impact of Amino Acid Nutrition During Lactation on Subsequent Reproductive Function of Primiparous Sows written by Daniel Bryan Jones and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fei Ji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Amino Acid Nutrition and Ideal Protein for Reproductive Sows written by Fei Ji and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julia Perrine Holen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Effects of Essential Fatty Acids and Branched-chain Amino Acids in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance written by Julia Perrine Holen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of 5 chapters consisting of a review of literature on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in lactation diets, a meta-regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BCAA on sow and litter growth performance, evaluation of the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) in lactating sow diets on sow reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, and piglet survivability, supplementation of fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow performance and EFA status, and the effects of increasing soybean meal in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. Chapter 1 presents a review of the literature on the effects of BCAA on sow mammary gland metabolism, colostrum and milk composition, and sow and litter performance. Chapter 2 describes a meta-regression analysis conducted to evaluate the effects of BCAA and their interactions in lactating sow diets to predict litter growth performance, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake. The results suggest that Ile, Leu, and Val play an important role in litter growth, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake during lactation; however, the influence of BCAA on these criteria is much smaller than that of other dietary components such as net energy, SID Lys, sow average daily feed intake, and crude protein. In Chapter 3, mixed-parity sows and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of EFA intake on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth and survivability, and colostrum and milk composition. Overall, sows consuming high EFA produced litters with heavier piglet weaning weights and greater litter average daily gain (ADG) when compared to litters from sows fed diets with low EFA. However, there was no impact of sow EFA intake on piglet survivability or subsequent sow reproductive performance. Chapter 4 describes a study evaluating the effects of supplemental fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow and litter performance and EFA composition of colostrum, milk, and adipose tissue. The results suggest that providing dietary fat sources with high concentrations of EFA can increase colostrum linoleic acid and [alpha]-linolenic acid concentrations that are maintained throughout lactation. However, the changes in colostrum and milk composition did not alter litter growth performance in this experiment. Lastly, Chapter 5 presents three experiments that were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal levels in replacement of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs raised in commercial facilities. The combined results of the three experiments suggest that inclusion at least 4 to 8% dietary SBM at the expense of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets with or without grain co-products can improve growth performance of late-finishing pigs.
Author : Elwyn R. Miller
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483162117
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Swine Nutrition written by Elwyn R. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Author : David Paul Chamberlin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781369752731
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (527 download)
Download or read book Impacts of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein with Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation on Lactating Sow Performance, Nitrogen Utilization and Heat Production written by David Paul Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : I.A. McDougall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Protein and amino-acid requirements for the lactating sow written by I.A. McDougall and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Guoyao Wu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030544621
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author : Juliana Pérez Laspiur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Porcine Mammary Gland During Lactation written by Juliana Pérez Laspiur and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
