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Alkali Silica Reaction And Delayed Ettringite Formation In Concrete
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Book Synopsis Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete by : Stacy Bauer
Download or read book Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete written by Stacy Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently in Texas, there has been significant damage of field structures resulting from concrete durability problems. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF), or combinations of the two, have been found to be the main causes of these problems. The term Premature Concrete Deterioration (PCD) has been adopted to refer to problems associated with ASR and DEF because it is often difficult to distinguish between them. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has designated nine mitigation options that are available to prevent or minimize PCD-related problems. Research is currently underway to document the performance of concrete using these mitigation options in the laboratory and in the field. One of the objectives of this research is to review the state of the art regarding ASR and DEF, with particular attention to mechanisms of damage, appropriate test methods, specifications, and performance-related issues.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Paolo Gardoni
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Paolo Gardoni and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions by : António C. Azevedo
Download or read book Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions written by António C. Azevedo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-14 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the behaviour of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts affected by internal expansion reactions (ISR). For that purpose, the numerical modelling of damaged concrete was performed using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model (CDPM) implemented in ABAQUS and validated the model through Sankovich's tests. A procedure to automatically obtain the concrete plasticity and damage parameters, essential for CDPM, was developed in Matlab. The inputs were the characteristic compressive strength of the concrete, the equivalent length of the finite element mesh and the ratio between the plastic and inelastic compressive strains. The results showed that the CDPM could represent the load-bearing mechanisms of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts for a range of several stress levels to which these elements may be subjected in the panels investigated. The numerical simulations for different expansion levels consistently captured the expected damage profile of the panels and the load corresponding to the formation of the first crack, the estimated crack opening, and the ultimate load. For the panels investigated, the reduction observed in the failure load reached values close to 70%, the increase of the tensile plastic deformation was more than 60%, and the maximum crack opening can reach an increase of 113% when compared with those observed experimentally in panels without internal swelling reactions The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, practitioners, and lecturers in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Eric Richard Giannini
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Eric Richard Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) are expansive reactions that can lead to the premature deterioration of concrete structures. Both have been implicated in the deterioration of numerous structures around the world, including many transportation structures in Texas. As a result of considerable research advances, ASR and DEF are now avoidable in new construction, but evaluating and managing the existing stock of structures damaged by these mechanisms remains a challenge. While the published guidance for evaluating structures is very effective at diagnosing the presence of ASR and DEF, there remain significant weaknesses with respect to the evaluation of structural safety and serviceability and nondestructive testing (NDT) is a minor component of the evaluation process. The research described in this dissertation involved a wide range of tests on plain and reinforced concrete at multiple scales. This included small cylinders and prisms, larger plain and reinforced concrete specimens in outdoor exposure, full-scale reinforced concrete beams, and core samples from the outdoor exposure specimens and full-scale reinforced concrete beams. Nondestructive test methods were applied at all scales, and the full-scale beams were also tested in four-point flexure to determine the effects of ASR and DEF on flexural strength and serviceability. Severe expansions from ASR and DEF did not reduce the strength of the full-scale beams or result in excessive deflections under live loads, despite significant decreases in the compressive strength and elastic modulus measured from core samples. Most NDT methods were found to be effective at low expansions but had difficulty correlating to larger expansions. Two promising NDT methods have been identified for future research and development, and guidance regarding existing test methods is offered.
Download or read book Ettringite written by Bernard Erlin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) by : Eric R. Giannini
Download or read book Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) written by Eric R. Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete by : Leandro F. M. Sanchez
Download or read book Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete written by Leandro F. M. Sanchez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete by : Robert L. Day
Download or read book The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete written by Robert L. Day and published by Portland Cement Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report comprises a review and analysis of the available literature pertaining to the causes, effects and prevention of secondary (delayed) ettringite in concrete . Over 300 publications have been examined . Case studies of damage in concrete possibly caused by secondary ettringite formation are examined first. Fundamental research on secondary ettringite formation, its chemistry, and deposition mechanisms is then reviewed. Key investigations on the topic are analyzed in detail. Next, the potential importance of (a) method of heat-curing and (b) the chemistry of cement is outlined. In the final chapter, a rapid test for evaluation of potential secondary ettringite susceptibility (the "Duggan" test) is evaluated. The analysis indicates that there appears to be a potential for a secondary ettringite formation problem in North America; it is highly probable that secondary ettringite formation can lead to significant deterioration of heat-treated concrete. However, it is unlikely that secondary ettringite formation is, or will be, the sole mechanism responsible for premature deterioration. The critical factors that determine extent of damage due to secondary ettringite formation are (a) duration of delay period before heating the concrete; (b) severity of the heating and/or cooling regime ; and (c) the SO3/A1203 ratio of the cement. There is no evidence that nonheat-treated concrete is susceptible to this phenomenon. Further research and improvements to the Duggan test may result in the development of a useful standard test method to assess the long-term dimensional stability and durability of concrete.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed-ettringite Formation on the Structural Performance of the Dapped End Region of Prestressed Concrete Trapezoidal Box Beams by : Bryan V. Bindrich
Download or read book The Effects of Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed-ettringite Formation on the Structural Performance of the Dapped End Region of Prestressed Concrete Trapezoidal Box Beams written by Bryan V. Bindrich and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nondestructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Kerry Lynn Kreitman
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Kerry Lynn Kreitman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) deterioration have been a problem for the concrete infrastructure in the state of Texas and around the world in recent decades. A great deal of research into the causes and mechanisms of the deterioration has helped to prevent the formation of ASR and DEF in new construction, but the evaluation and maintenance of existing structures remains a problem. The goal of this research is to investigate the use of several nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to evaluate the level of ASR and DEF deterioration in a structural element. Based on the results, recommendations are made as to which NDT methods have the most potential to be incorporated into the evaluation process.
Book Synopsis Ettringite Formation and the Performance of Concrete by :
Download or read book Ettringite Formation and the Performance of Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by :
Download or read book The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete by : R N Swamy
Download or read book The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete written by R N Swamy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-09-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the fundamental causes and spectrum effects of ASR. It considers he advances that have been made in our understanding of this problem throughout the world.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete by : Leandro F. M. Sanchez
Download or read book Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete written by Leandro F. M. Sanchez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Assessment of D-Regions Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction/Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Shih-Hsiang Liu
Download or read book Structural Assessment of D-Regions Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction/Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Shih-Hsiang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined experimental and analytical program was conducted to investigate the effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) on D-regions in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge bents. Four large-scale RC specimens, which represent cantilever and straddle bents in Texas bridges in each specimen, were constructed. The first specimen represented the unexposed control specimen, while the other three were conditioned in the field with supplemental watering to promote ASR/DEF and served as the exposed specimens. The control and two exposed specimens with various levels of ASR/DEF, after eight months and two years of field conditioning, were load tested to failure. The last specimen remains in field with additional exposure to promote ASR/DEF and will be load tested in future studies. The width and length of preload-induced cracks and developing cracks that initiated in the exposed specimens and grew over time, indicating concrete expansion due to ASR/DEF mechanisms, were measured. Petrographic analysis results of concrete cores extracted from the exposed specimens after their load testing confirmed the formation of ASR gel and minimum accumulation of ettringite. The structural testing results showed that the failure mechanism in all three tested specimens was due to a brittle shear failure in the beam-column joint. However, slightly greater stiffness, strength, and ductility were observed in the exposed specimens as a result of the activation of the reinforcing steel in the specimens due to the expansion of the concrete primarily from ASR, which effectively prestressed and confined the core concrete. Sectional analysis and Strut-and-Tie Modeling (STM) of the experimental specimens were applied. Three-dimensional nonlinear Finite Element Analyses (FEA) were also conducted to numerically simulate the overall structural performance, internal response, and out-of-plane behavior of the experimental specimens. The effects of varying constitutive relations of the concrete in tension on models of the specimens were compared with the measured experimental response. A method to mimic ASR/DEF effects on exposed specimens was proposed and incorporated into the FEA approach. As a result, forces that prestress and confine the core concrete were effectively applied through the reinforcing steel prior to subsequent structural loading. The three-dimensional FEA approach was able to simulate the out-of-plane behavior of the beam-column joint and the proposed method yielded comparable results with the measured overall and internal behavior of specimens. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148175
Book Synopsis Materials Science of Concrete VI by : Jan P. Skalny
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete VI written by Jan P. Skalny and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 2001-08-28 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers on phase composition and quantitative x-ray powder diffraction analysis of Portland cement and clinker; neutron diffraction and neutron scattering studies of cement; scanning probe microscopy: a new view of the mineral surface; the stereological and statistical properties of entrained air voids in concrete: a mathematical basis for air void system characterization; fresh concrete rheology: recent developments; early age behavior of cement-based materials; transport mechanisms and damage: current issues in permeation characteristics of concrete; the use of silica fume to control expansion due to alkali-aggregate reactivity in concrete: a review; delayed ettringite formation in concrete: recent developments and future directions; use of durability indexes to achieve durable cover concrete in reinforced concrete structures; and microfiller partial substitution for cement.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Coatings and Sealers Used to Mitigate Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation in Hardened Concrete by : Evan Richard Wehrle
Download or read book The Effects of Coatings and Sealers Used to Mitigate Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation in Hardened Concrete written by Evan Richard Wehrle and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2006, research funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has evaluated the use of coatings and sealers for mitigating expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and/or delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in hardened concrete. The report herein includes a project summary of previous work in Phase I, led by Racheal Lute (2008) and Charles Rust (2009). The Phase II research, described in this thesis, established concrete exposure blocks and NCHRP 244 Series II testing as the cornerstones of characterizing coating effectiveness. The studies assessed coating system performance by examining the contribution of steel reinforcement, the effects of aggregate reactivity, the size limitations of treatments, and the impact of painted concrete substrates. Lastly, this thesis describes the preliminary results of a field study site of columns supporting a flyover, and a concrete exposure block site in Houston, Texas. Overall, the results are encouraging as several coatings have reduced expansion by lowering internal relative humidity.
