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Airborne Measurements Of Carbonaceous Aerosols In Southern Africa During The Dry Biomass Burning Season
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Book Synopsis Airborne Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosols in Southern Africa During the Dry, Biomass Burning Season by :
Download or read book Airborne Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosols in Southern Africa During the Dry, Biomass Burning Season written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate matter collected aboard the University of Washington's Convair-580 research aircraft over southern Africa during the dry, biomass burning season was analyzed for total carbon, organic carbon, and black carbon contents using thermal and optical methods. Samples were collected in smoke plumes of burning savanna and in regional haze. A known artifact, produced by the adsorption of organic gases on the quartz filter substrates used to collect the particulate matter samples, comprised a significant portion of the total carbon collected. Consequently, conclusions derived from the data are greatly dependent on whether or not organic carbon concentrations are corrected for this artifact. For example, the estimated aerosol co-albedo (1 - single scattering albedo), which is a measure of aerosol absorption, of the biomass smoke samples is 60 percent larger using corrected organic carbon concentrations. Thus, the corrected data imply that the biomass smoke is 60 percent more absorbing than do the uncorrected data. The black carbon to (corrected) organic carbon mass ratio (BC/OC) of smoke plume samples (0.18/2610.06) is lower than that of samples collected in the regional haze (0.25/2610.08). The difference may be due to mixing of biomass smoke with background air characterized by a higher BC/OC ratio. A simple source apportionment indicates that biomass smoke contributes about three-quarters of the aerosol burden in the regional haze, while other sources (e.g., fossil fuel burning) contribute the remainder.
Book Synopsis Global Biomass Burning by : Joel S. Levine
Download or read book Global Biomass Burning written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume is the first to consider biomass burning as a global phenomenon and to assess its impact on the atmosphere, on climate, and on the biosphere itself.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Relative Importance of Saharan Dust, Biomass Burning, and Urban Emissions on PM2.5 in West African Cities by : Aara L. Yarber
Download or read book Assessing the Relative Importance of Saharan Dust, Biomass Burning, and Urban Emissions on PM2.5 in West African Cities written by Aara L. Yarber and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: West Africa is an intense emitter of both anthropogenic and natural particulate pollution, both of which have been shown to have adverse health effects on human populations. Hosting some of the world's largest pollutant sources, such as Saharan dust and biomass burning, coupled with rapid urbanization, exploding population growth, and extreme poverty, West African pollution is complex. Despite its nuances, particulate pollution is not well characterized throughout the region, partially due to a lack of air quality monitoring networks. The recent emergence of PM2.5 measurements provided by the Environmental Protection Agency presents a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of particulate pollution in West African cities. The first part of this dissertation uses a series of ground based aerosol measures and satellite derived aerosol products to examine spatiotemporal aerosol patterns. The objective was to ascertain the comparative impact of Saharan dust, biomass burning, and urban emission on PM2.5 concentrations in West African cities. The main findings indicate that background emissions, particularly Saharan dust, was the dominant emission source during the dry season, with dust events causing unhealthy to hazardous air quality regionally. Biomass burning and urban PM2.5 signals were less distinct throughout the year, suggesting their relative contributions were generally lower than dust. However, urban emission appeared to be the dominant source during the wet season, particularly in Nigerian cities and cities along the southern Gulf of Guinea coast. The second part of this dissertation involves evaluating aerosol levels and composition with WRFChem to assess the model's reliability for source characterization in West Africa. The results indicate that the model showed skill in reproducing the seasonality of daily PM2.5 and AOD averages throughout the year. However, the model's performance in replicating observed PM2.5 and AOD varied by location. PM2.5 and AOD were largely overestimated during the dry season, especially in Northwest Africa. The evaluation of PM2.5 speciation in Ilorin revealed that dust was largely overestimated. However, black carbon in Ilorin was underestimated by the model, likely in part due to an underestimation of biomass burning and urban emissions. The last part of this dissertation uses WRF-Chem to examine the relative importance of dust, biomass burning, and urban emission on total PM2.5. The main findings suggest that dust was the dominant emission source during the dry season across all cities. However, dust was significantly overestimated across West Africa, often exceeding total observed PM2.5 and AOD. During the wet season, dust was the dominant source across cities in Northwest Africa. However, urban emission became the predominant emission source in Nigerian cities as well as cities along the southern Gulf of Guinea coast. West African biomass burning and biomass burning advection from Central Africa had a significant effect on air quality in West African cities during the dry and wet season. Furthermore, emissions from each source repeatedly exceeded the WHO 24-hour limit throughout the year. Thus, single sources alone are likely problematic for public health in the region. Though dominant emission sources inferred from observational and modeled data were aligned, significant model biases in aerosol composition were revealed. The degree to which PM2.5 and AOD biases are attributed to inaccuracies in emission fluxes versus meteorology, however, remains unclear. To fully refine models, enhance inventories, evaluate pollution sources, and thus create efficient control strategies, extensive meteorological and air quality observational networks are required.
Download or read book Lamto written by Luc Abbadie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing 40 years of ongoing ecological research, this book examines the structure, function, and dynamics of the Lamto humid savanna. From the history of the Lamto ecology station, to an overview of enivronmental conditions of the site, and examining the integrative view of energy and nutrient fluxes relative to the dynamics of the region's vegetation, this exacting work is as unique and treasured as Lamto itself.
Book Synopsis Journal of Geophysical Research by :
Download or read book Journal of Geophysical Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbonaceous Aerosol by : András Gelencsér
Download or read book Carbonaceous Aerosol written by András Gelencsér and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of carbonaceous aerosol has only recently emerged from atmospheric pollution studies; even standard nomenclature and terminology are still unsettled. This monograph is the first to offer comprehensive coverage of the nature and atmospheric role of carbonaceous aerosol particles. Atmospheric chemists, physicists, meteorologists, and modellers will find this a thought-inspiring and sometimes provocative overview of all global phenomena affected by or related to carbonaceous aerosol.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781724033604 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (336 download)
Book Synopsis Carbon Monoxide Distributions and Atmosphere Transports Over Southern Africa. Pt-2 by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Carbon Monoxide Distributions and Atmosphere Transports Over Southern Africa. Pt-2 written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sources and transports of CO as measured by the Measurement of Air Pollution from Space (MAPS) over a substantial sector of the southern hemisphere between South America and southern Africa are described by air parcel trajectories based upon European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model data fields. Observations, made by NASA Shuttle astronauts during the October 1994 mission, of vegetation fires suggest a direct relationship between in situ biomass burning, at least over South America and southern Africa, and coincident tropospheric measurements of CO. Results of this paper indicate that the transport of CO from the surface to the levels of maximum MAPS sensitivity (about 450 hPa) over these regions is not of a direct nature due largely to the well stratified atmospheric environment. The atmospheric transport of CO from biomass burning within this region is found to occur over intercontinental scales over numbers of days to more than a week. Three distinct synoptic circulation and transport classes are found to have occurred over southern Africa during the October 1994 MAPS experiment: (1) transport from South America and Africa to southern Africa associated with elevated MAPS measured CO (> 150 ppbv); (2) weakening anticyclonic transport from South America associated with moderate CO ( 105 ppbv); and (3) transport from the high southern latitudes associated with low CO (
Book Synopsis Effects of Biomass-burning Aerosol Loading on Southern African Climate by : Genito Amos Maure
Download or read book Effects of Biomass-burning Aerosol Loading on Southern African Climate written by Genito Amos Maure and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Claudio Tomasi
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Book Synopsis Environmental External Costs of Transport by : Peter Bickel
Download or read book Environmental External Costs of Transport written by Peter Bickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project 'ExternE Core/Transport', financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisciplinary work contributed to this book. The editors would like to thank the authors (see list on p. XV) for their contributions; it is especially remarkable, that the authors helped to make this book an integrated whole instead of a number of independent contributions.
Author :John F. Fitzgerald Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780792339427 Total Pages :238 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (394 download)
Book Synopsis African Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories and Mitigation Options: Forestry, Land-Use Change, and Agriculture by : John F. Fitzgerald
Download or read book African Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories and Mitigation Options: Forestry, Land-Use Change, and Agriculture written by John F. Fitzgerald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johannesburg, South Africa, 29 May-2 June 1995
Book Synopsis Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change by : James S. Clark
Download or read book Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change written by James S. Clark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-02-20 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass burning profoundly affects atmospheric chemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate and may have done so for millions of years. Bringing together renowned experts from paleoecology, fire ecology, atmospheric chemistry, and organic chemistry, the volume elucidates the role of fire during global changes of the past and future. Topics covered include: the characterization of combustion products that occur in sediments, including char, soot/fly ash, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; the calibration of these constituents against atmospheric measurements from wildland and prescribed fire emissions; spatial and temporal patterns in combustion emissions at scales of individual burns to the globe.
Book Synopsis Fire in the Tropical Biota by : Johann G. Goldammer
Download or read book Fire in the Tropical Biota written by Johann G. Goldammer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1977, the Volkswagen Foundation sponsored the first of a series of International Symposia on Fire Ecology at Freiburg University, Federal Republic of Germany. The scope of the congresses was to create a platform for researchers at a time when the science of fire ecology was not yet recognized and established outside of North America and Australia. Whereas comprehensive information on the fire ecology of the northern boreal, the temperate, and the mediter ranean biotas is meanwhile available, it was recognized that conside rable gaps in information exist on the role of fire in tropical und sub tropical ecosystems. Thus it seemed timely to meet the growing scientific interest and public demand for reliable and updated infor mation and to synthesize the available knowledge of tropical fire ecology and the impact of tropical biomass burning on global eco system processes. The Third Symposium on Fire Ecology, again sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation and held at Freiburg University in May 1989, was convened to prepare this first pantropical and multidisci plinary monograph on fire ecology!. The book, in which 46 scientists cooperated, analyzes those fire-related ecosystem processes which have not yet been described in a synoptic way. Following the editor's concept, duplication at previous efforts in describing tropical vegeta tion patterns and dynamics was avoided. Extensive bibliographical sources are given in the reference lists of the chapters.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Individual to Ensembles of Ambient Fine and Ultrafine Particles and Their Sources by : Keith James Bein
Download or read book Perspectives on Individual to Ensembles of Ambient Fine and Ultrafine Particles and Their Sources written by Keith James Bein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation by : Zev Levin
Download or read book Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation written by Zev Levin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life on Earth is critically dependent upon the continuous cycling of water between oceans, continents and the atmosphere. Precipitation (including rain, snow, and hail) is the primary mechanism for transporting water from the atmosphere back to the Earth’s surface. It is also the key physical process that links aspects of climate, weather, and the global hydrological cycle. Changes in precipitation regimes and the frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, severe ice/snow storms, monsoon fluctuations and hurricanes are of great potential importance to life on the planet. One of the factors that could contribute to precipitation modification is aerosol pollution from various sources such as urban air pollution and biomass burning. Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric aerosols might have important implications for precipitation by influencing the hydrological cycle, which in turn could feed back to climate changes. From an Earth Science perspective, a key question is how changes expected in climate will translate into changes in the hydrological cycle, and what trends may be expected in the future. We require a much better understanding and hence predictive capability of the moisture and energy storages and exchanges among the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, continents and biological systems. This book is a review of our knowledge of the relationship between aerosols and precipitation reaching the Earth's surface and it includes a list of recommendations that could help to advance our knowledge in this area.
Book Synopsis Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa by : Joel S. Levine
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Book Synopsis Light Scattering Reviews 10 by : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Download or read book Light Scattering Reviews 10 written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work is aimed at the review of hot topics in modern light scattering and radiative transfer. A special attention will be given to the description of the methods of integro-differential radiative transfer equation solution. In particular, the asymptotic radiative transfer and the method of discrete ordinates will be considered. A comprehensive review of light absorption in the terrestrial atmosphere will be given as well. The inverse problem solution will be reviewed as well.
