Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a New Trade Round

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821349861
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a New Trade Round by : Merlinda D. Ingco

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a New Trade Round written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This collection highlights the main trade issues of importance to different regions of the world.

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402060854
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries by : Niek Koning

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries written by Niek Koning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries as a group stand to gain very substantially from trade reform in agricultural commodities. Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries is the first book to address important questions relating to this subject. The authors are world renowned experts on international trade and development and they address a very important and timely issue.

Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation

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Author :
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation by :

Download or read book Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation written by and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2002 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation ...

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round by : Merlinda D. Ingco

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821367179
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries by : Alex F. McCalla

Download or read book Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries written by Alex F. McCalla and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-11-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ongoing Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, developing countries have had much greater leverage, due at least in part to their large and growing share of world trade. But will the increased influence of developing countries translate into a final agreement that is truly more development-friendly? What would be key ingredients in such a final outcome of the negotiations, and what would the developing countries really get out of it. This two volume set seeks to answer these questions. This volume (Volume 2) addresses the question of how a development-friendly outcome to the talks would affect developing countries by quantifying the impact of multilateral trade reform. It presents several different approaches to modeling the effects of the outcome of negotiations, and then investigates why these (and other) modeling efforts produce such divergent results. Volume 1 is issues-oriented. It takes up some key questions in the negotiations, setting the stage with a historical overview of the Doha Development Agenda to help identify issues of most significance to developing countries, and then explores select issues in greater depth. Aimed at policymakers and stakeholders, this two-volume effort puts into the public domain important analytical work that will improve the chance for a pro-development outcomes of the Doha round negotiations.

Agricultural Trade Policy

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Publisher : Peterson Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780881322569
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policy by : Timothy Edward Josling

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy written by Timothy Edward Josling and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round trade negotiations marked a historic turning point in the reform of agricultural trade. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) replaced nontariff barriers with bound tariffs, curbed export subsidies, and codified domestic agricultural programs. Unfortunately, the URAA bound many of the tariffs that replaced nontariff barriers too high, it legitimized export subsidies, and it left the domestic farm policies of the major industrial countries largely untouched. Fortunately, regional trade institutions have also begun to grapple with agricultural trade liberalization. Agriculture was featured in the Mercosur agreement, in recent agreements between the European Union and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Plans for broad supraregional trade structures, such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), have also dealt with the inclusion of agricultural trade. Meanwhile, in developing and middle-income countries, unilateral agricultural policy reforms have been part of recent economic policy changes. However, in the industrial countries, agricultural policy reform has languished in the face of much domestic opposition. But the reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1992 and the 1996 Farm Bill in the United States seems to have ushered in a new era of relations between government and agricultural groups. The author points out ways that multilateral, regional, and unilateral paths could be coordinated to liberalized agricultural trade. He proposes a set of multilateral talks that would benefit from agricultural reform at all levels and complete the job begun at the Uruguay Round.

Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560229339
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (293 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium by : Andrew D O'Rourke

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium written by Andrew D O'Rourke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-15 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Face the challenge of change in the global agricultural trade market! This insightful book presents a comprehensive overview of the trade situation facing agriculture in the 21st century. This esteemed collection of the field?s foremost researchers evaluates anticipated changes to the agricultural trade market and the competitiveness of commodities and products resulting from existing and potential international policies. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides an in-depth understanding of multilateral trade negotiations (past, present, and future) and the impact of regionalism on agricultural trade. It also analyzes trade issues specific to individual commodities, such as rice, wheat, and cotton. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium consolidates essential trade research into a one-of-a-kind reference source for economists, academics, and agriculture professionals. The book provides a detailed overview of current and potential trade situations, divided into three concise sections: key issues influencing trade negotiations from the perspective of developed and developing countries and the environment; commodity trade and trade policy issues concerning competitiveness and the international policy environment for coarse grains, cotton, rice, sugar, and wheat; and general issues related to multilateral and regional trade agreements, including policy tools within the World Trade Organization, anti-dumping actions, regionalism, price volatility, and the macroeconomic effects of trade liberalization. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium examines: key issues influencing trade negotiations commodity trade and trade policy issues issues and concerns related to multilateral and regional trade negotiations challenges facing trade policy prospects for the agricultural sector in the new millennium With international policy issues like the WTO’s Millennium Round and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in negotiation and a new United States farm bill pending, Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides much-needed textbook analysis by expert researchers. This vital book will keep you in touch with current trade negotiations and policy decisions that are certain to hold major implications for the agricultural sector.

Agriculture and the WTO

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082135485X
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and the WTO by : Merlinda D. Ingco

Download or read book Agriculture and the WTO written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-03-17 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This comprehensive reference explores the key issues and options in agricultural trade liberalization from a developing country perspective. Throughout, the focus is on ensuring that the outcome of WTO negotiations contributes to growth in developing countries.

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round by : Merlinda Ingco

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round written by Merlinda Ingco and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After evaluating the Uruguay Round's impact on agriculture and border protection in the next decade, the author concludes that while there was significant reform of the rules - particularly the conversion of nontariff barriers into tariffs and the reduction and binding of all tariffs - in practice, trade will probably be liberalized less than expected. The objective of the Round was to reverse protectionism and remove trade distortions. This may not be achieved in practice, at least not until further reductions are carried out in future rounds of negotiations. The major exception to this conclusion is in high-income Asian countries, where protection for major commodities will be significantly reduced. The tariffication and binding of all tariffs on agricultural products represents a significant step forward. Liberalization is implicit because countries are prohhibited from arbitrarily raising tariffs to new higher levels. But many of the newly established tariffs are so high in many countries as to effectively prohibit trade. Patterns of liberalization vary considerably by commodity and by country. Generally, the extent of liberalization was diminished by binding tariffs to the base period of 1986-88, when border protection was at a high point. In most OECD countries, this was worsened by quot;dirty tariffication:quot; the new base tariffs offered even greater protection than the nontariff barriers they replaced. Even after the commitments to tariff reductions in the Round, the ad valorem measure of the final binding tariffs will remain higher than the average rate of protection in 1982-93. A number of developing countries in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East chose to lock in prior liberalization efforts on some products. But for most commodities, there will be little actual liberalization, since most developing countries chose to bind their tariffs at a maximum level. Even when countries reduced already-bound rates, bound tariffs remained significantly higher than current applied rates, giving countries the flexibility to raise tariffs later. The high level of bound tariffs may allow countries to apply variable tariffs below the bound level, thus failing to stabilize tariffs and improve market access. Moreover, the Round did not touch many of the worst distortions in developing countries, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture.

Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for the Developing Countries

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for the Developing Countries by : Antonio Salazar Pessôa Brandão

Download or read book Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for the Developing Countries written by Antonio Salazar Pessôa Brandão and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global trade liberalization-- reducing both negative and positive protection in line with the Dunkel proposal-- would gain developing countries an estimated $60 billion a year.

Ideas, Institutions, and Trade

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199557756
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Ideas, Institutions, and Trade by : Carsten Daugbjerg

Download or read book Ideas, Institutions, and Trade written by Carsten Daugbjerg and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has always proved difficult to achieve trade liberalization for agricultural products.This book shows how a new Agriculture Agreement in the WTO led to CAP reform, which in turn allowed for greater flexibility in subsequent international trade negotiations.

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round: One Step Forward, One Step Back?

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round: One Step Forward, One Step Back? by : D. Merlinda Ingco

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round: One Step Forward, One Step Back? written by D. Merlinda Ingco and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1995 After evaluating the Uruguay Round's impact on agriculture and border protection in the next decade, the author concludes that while there was significant reform of the rules - particularly the conversion of nontariff barriers into tariffs and the reduction and binding of all tariffs - in practice, trade will probably be liberalized less than expected. The objective of the Round was to reverse protectionism and remove trade distortions. This may not be achieved in practice, at least not until further reductions are carried out in future rounds of negotiations. The major exception to this conclusion is in high-income Asian countries, where protection for major commodities will be significantly reduced. The tariffication and binding of all tariffs on agricultural products represents a significant step forward. Liberalization is implicit because countries are prohhibited from arbitrarily raising tariffs to new higher levels. But many of the newly established tariffs are so high in many countries as to effectively prohibit trade. Patterns of liberalization vary considerably by commodity and by country. Generally, the extent of liberalization was diminished by binding tariffs to the base period of 1986-88, when border protection was at a high point. In most OECD countries, this was worsened by dirty tariffication: the new base tariffs offered even greater protection than the nontariff barriers they replaced. Even after the commitments to tariff reductions in the Round, the ad valorem measure of the final binding tariffs will remain higher than the average rate of protection in 1982-93. A number of developing countries in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East chose to lock in prior liberalization efforts on some products. But for most commodities, there will be little actual liberalization, since most developing countries chose to bind their tariffs at a maximum level. Even when countries reduced already-bound rates, bound tariffs remained significantly higher than current applied rates, giving countries the flexibility to raise tariffs later. The high level of bound tariffs may allow countries to apply variable tariffs below the bound level, thus failing to stabilize tariffs and improve market access. Moreover, the Round did not touch many of the worst distortions in developing countries, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture.

Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107320437
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda by : Merlinda D. Ingco

Download or read book Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negotiating the liberalization of world agricultural trade in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is fraught with difficulty due to the complexity of the issues and the wide range of interests across countries. In the round of global trade negotiations under the WTO, different perspectives on trade reform have produced a highly contentious agenda. These issues are addressed from a range of perspectives in this survey of the trade agenda and its implications for both developing and developed countries. Agricultural trade specialists, including those in universities, in international organizations and think tanks, analyse a comprehensive range of topics including interests and options in the WTO trade negotiations, the trade agenda from a development patent perspective, WTO trade rules, trade barriers, tariff negotiations and patent protection for developing countries.

WTO Negotiations and Agricultural Trade Liberalization

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Author :
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845930509
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis WTO Negotiations and Agricultural Trade Liberalization by : Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla

Download or read book WTO Negotiations and Agricultural Trade Liberalization written by Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on original research by the Food and Resource Economic Institute in Denmark and the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington DC, this book addresses the controversial issue of the effects of developed countries' agricultural policies on developing countries. Written from the perspective of developing countries, it addresses the main issues raised by developing countries' governments, politicians, farmers organizations, NGO's, trade specialists and development specialists. It focuses on the key issues of food security, poverty, regional agreements, multifunctionality in agriculture and the trade of genetically modified products, as an input to policy reform within the World Trade Organization trade negotiations.

WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries

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Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251044230
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (442 download)

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Book Synopsis WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries by : Michiel Keyzer

Download or read book WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries written by Michiel Keyzer and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at Seattle was not able to launch a new and comprehensive round of multilateral trade negotiations, but it is expected that in the coming years the WTO will be the forum of these negotiations, commonly referred to as the Millenium Round. Developing countries are currently greatly involved in the WTO process and seek active participation in this round. In relation to least developed countries in Africa, and with Ethiopia as country for a case study, the present paper argues that the Agreement on Agriculture, part of the Uruguay Round, has put a system of basic mechanisms into place but not led to significant agricultural trade liberalization. At the same time, a new host of issues have emerged that relate directly or indirectly to food and agriculture. The report highlights the various interactions between these subjects from the perspective of Ethiopia.

New Protectionism and Attempts at Liberalization in Agricultural Trade

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Author :
Publisher : Conran Octopus
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis New Protectionism and Attempts at Liberalization in Agricultural Trade by :

Download or read book New Protectionism and Attempts at Liberalization in Agricultural Trade written by and published by Conran Octopus. This book was released on 1983 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Na een algemeen overzicht van protectionistische maatregelen (bescherming van de binnenlandse markt) worden de internationale beschermende maatregelen voor bananen, granen, veehouderij, oliezaden en voedings-olieprodukten bekeken

Food Fights over Free Trade

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Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400841399
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Fights over Free Trade by : Christina L. Davis

Download or read book Food Fights over Free Trade written by Christina L. Davis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed account of the politics of opening agricultural markets explains how the institutional context of international negotiations alters the balance of interests at the domestic level to favor trade liberalization despite opposition from powerful farm groups. Historically, agriculture stands out as a sector in which countries stubbornly defend domestic programs, and agricultural issues have been the most frequent source of trade disputes in the postwar trading system. While much protection remains, agricultural trade negotiations have resulted in substantial concessions as well as negotiation collapses. Food Fights over Free Trade shows that the liberalization that has occurred has been due to the role of international institutions. Christina Davis examines the past thirty years of U.S. agricultural trade negotiations with Japan and Europe based on statistical analysis of an original dataset, case studies, and in-depth interviews with over one hundred negotiators and politicians. She shows how the use of issue linkage and international law in the negotiation structure transforms narrow interest group politics into a more broad-based decision process that considers the larger stakes of the negotiation. Even when U.S. threats and the spiraling budget costs of agricultural protection have failed to bring policy change, the agenda, rules, and procedures of trade negotiations have often provided the necessary leverage to open Japanese and European markets. This book represents a major contribution to understanding the negotiation process, agricultural politics, and the impact of international institutions on domestic politics.