African American Soldiers In The National Guard

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African American Soldiers in the National Guard

Author : Charles Johnson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313064733
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis African American Soldiers in the National Guard by : Charles Johnson

Download or read book African American Soldiers in the National Guard written by Charles Johnson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1992-08-21 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the many achievements of African American guardsmen in U.S. history from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. This detailed account thus fills an important gap in our knowledge about the establishment of African American militias in 1877 and their service in wartime and peacetime until the integration of the National Guard in 1950. This careful study of extensive primary and secondary sources is intended for military historians and for all who want to know more about African American contributions to the defense of our nation. Following a short introduction providing some historical background, the study launches into a description of the establishment of African American militia organizations in and about 1877 and their involvement in the Spanish American War and in quelling civil disturbances and disasters up to 1914. The history deals next with the service of African American guardsmen units in World War I, their work in the years between the wars, and their involvement in World War II. The story ends with a description of the initial reorganization of these units and their integration into the National Guard in 1949 and 1950. A lengthy bibliography of primary and secondary sources is useful as well in pointing to the role of African American militias and guardsmen in the history of this important period.

The African-American Soldier

Author : Michael Lee Lanning
Publisher : Citadel Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806526294
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The African-American Soldier by : Michael Lee Lanning

Download or read book The African-American Soldier written by Michael Lee Lanning and published by Citadel Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this moving and revealing account, Michael Lee Lanning brings to life the battles in which African Americans fought so courageously to become full citizens by risking their lives for their country. This updated edition includes analyses of African-American soldiers' involvement in recent U.S. conflicts, including the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War

Author : Jeffrey T. Sammons
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700621385
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War by : Jeffrey T. Sammons

Download or read book Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War written by Jeffrey T. Sammons and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-09-26 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When on May 15, 1918 a French lieutenant warned Henry Johnson of the 369th to move back because of a possible enemy raid, Johnson reportedly replied: "I'm an American, and I never retreat." The story, even if apocryphal, captures the mythic status of the Harlem Rattlers, the African-American combat unit that grew out of the 15th New York National Guard, who were said to have never lost a man to capture or a foot of ground that had been taken. It also, in its insistence on American identity, points to a truth at the heart of this book--more than fighting to make the world safe for democracy, the black men of the 369th fought to convince America to live up to its democratic promise. It is this aspect of the storied regiment's history--its place within the larger movement of African Americans for full citizenship in the face of virulent racism--that Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War brings to the fore. With sweeping vision, historical precision, and unparalleled research, this book will stand as the definitive study of the 369th. Though discussed in numerous histories and featured in popular culture (most famously the film Stormy Weather and the novel Jazz), the 369th has become more a matter of mythology than grounded, factually accurate history--a situation that authors Jeffrey T. Sammons and John H. Morrow, Jr. set out to right. Their book--which eschews the regiment's famous nickname, the "Harlem Hellfighters," a name never embraced by the unit itself--tells the full story of the self-proclaimed Harlem Rattlers. Combining the "fighting focus" of military history with the insights of social commentary, Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War reveals the centrality of military service and war to the quest for equality as it details the origins, evolution, combat exploits, and postwar struggles of the 369th. The authors take up the internal dynamics of the regiment as well as external pressures, paying particular attention to the environment created by the presence of both black and white officers in the unit. They also explore the role of women--in particular, the Women's Auxiliary of the 369th--as partners in the struggle for full citizenship. From its beginnings in the 15th New York National Guard through its training in the explosive atmosphere in the South, its singular performance in the French army during World War I, and the pathos of postwar adjustment--this book reveals as never before the details of the Harlem Rattlers' experience, the poignant history of some of its heroes, its place in the story of both World War I and the African American campaign for equality--and its full i

Blacks and the Military

Author : Martin Binkin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815705666
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Blacks and the Military by : Martin Binkin

Download or read book Blacks and the Military written by Martin Binkin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of the nation's history, the participation of blacks in the armed forces was approximately in line with their proportion in the total population. This changed during the 1970s: by 1980 one of every three Army Gls and one of every five marines were black. The reaction has been mixed. Many Americans look with approval on the growth of black participation in military service, since it often affords young blacks educational, social, and financial opportunities that constitute a bridge to a better life not otherwise available to them. But for other Americans, the opportunities are outweighed by the disproportionate imposition of the burden of defense on a segment of the population that has not enjoyed a fair share of the benefits that society confers. From this perspective, the likelihood that blacks would suffer at least a third-and perhaps a half-of the combat fatalities in the initial stages of conflict is considered immoral, unethical, or otherwise contrary to the precepts of democratic institutions. Some also worry that military forces with such a high fraction of blacks entail risks to U.S. national security. A socially unrepresentative force, it is argued, may lack the cohesion considered vital to combat effectiveness. Others fear that such a force would be unreliable if it were deployed in situations that would test the allegiance of its minority members. And some have even expressed concern that a large proportion of blacks may raise questions about the status of U.S fighting forces, as judged by the American public, the nation's allies, and its adversaries. The authors of this book examine evidence on both sides of the issue in an effort to bring objective scrutiny to bear on questions that for many years have been loaded with emotion and subjective reaction. They also discuss the implications for the military's racial composition of demographic, economic, and technological trends and the possible effects of returning to some form of conscription.

Black Soldiers of New York State

Author : Anthony F. Gero
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438426372
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Soldiers of New York State by : Anthony F. Gero

Download or read book Black Soldiers of New York State written by Anthony F. Gero and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise history of the valiant service of New York’s African American soldiers.

Strength for the Fight

Author : Bernard C. Nalty
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 002922411X
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Strength for the Fight by : Bernard C. Nalty

Download or read book Strength for the Fight written by Bernard C. Nalty and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the history of blacks in the armed forces from the 1600s to the 1980s.

Arkansas National Guard African American Pioneers Untold Stories

Author : Arkansas National Guard Museum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Arkansas National Guard African American Pioneers Untold Stories by : Arkansas National Guard Museum

Download or read book Arkansas National Guard African American Pioneers Untold Stories written by Arkansas National Guard Museum and published by . This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of the military history of the United States, African Americans were discouraged from joining the military or relegated to segregated units. The Arkansas Militia/ National Guard was no different. In 1948, President Truman officially desegregated the Armed Forces, but it took several years before the process was complete. In 1964, the Arkansas National Guard allowed its first African American to enlist. Gradually, more African Americans joined the Arkansas Army and Air Guard. However, African Americans in the Arkansas Guard faced many obstacles. Discrimination was rampant and slowed their advancement in the organization. This book investigates the issues of discrimination experienced by the African American pioneers in the Arkansas National Guard. In addition, a large portion of this book is dedicated to the first African Americans to achieve ranks, command, and other achievements in the Arkansas National Guard.

The African American Soldier

Author : Michael L. Lanning
Publisher : Citadel
ISBN 13 : 0806541709
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The African American Soldier by : Michael L. Lanning

Download or read book The African American Soldier written by Michael L. Lanning and published by Citadel. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military history’s hidden figures are given their due in this revealing and moving exploration of the pivotal role of African Americans who risked their lives for their country—even as they fought courageously to become full citizens. A retired Lieutenant Colonel, Michael Lee Lanning covers Black soldiers’ involvement in conflicts from the colonial days through more recent struggles of the 21st century. From Bunker Hill to San Juan Heights, from France’s muddy trenches to the Persian Gulf’s scorched sands, African Americans have fought fiercely and bravely. They have battled to overthrow British rule, to preserve the union, to safeguard their allies, and to protect democracy. Many have fought for freedom they would never see for themselves, risking their lives for their country and for the right to become full citizens. In this enlightening account, Michael Lee Lanning explores African Americans’ crucial part in military history over two centuries, beginning in the Revolutionary War and stretching to recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Exploring both notable individual contributions and the role of Black regiments, The African American Soldier pays tribute to the hidden sacrifices and unrelenting valor of those too long overlooked by history.

Taps For A Jim Crow Army

Author : Phillip McGuire
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813148995
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Taps For A Jim Crow Army by : Phillip McGuire

Download or read book Taps For A Jim Crow Army written by Phillip McGuire and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many black soldiers serving in the U.S. Army during World War II hoped that they might make permanent gains as a result of their military service and their willingness to defend their country. They were soon disabused of such illusions. Taps for a Jim Crow Army is a powerful collection of letters written by black soldiers in the 1940s to various government and nongovernment officials. The soldiers expressed their disillusionment, rage, and anguish over the discrimination and segregation they experienced in the Army. Most black troops were denied entry into army specialist schools; black officers were not allowed to command white officers; black soldiers were served poorer food and were forced to ride Jim Crow military buses into town and to sit in Jim Crow base movie theaters. In the South, German POWs could use the same latrines as white American soldiers, but blacks could not. The original foreword by Benjamin Quarles, professor emeritus of history at Morgan State University, and a new foreword by Bernard C. Nalty, the chief historian in the Office of Air Force History, offer rich insights into the world of these soldiers.

The Black Citizen-soldiers of Kansas, 1864-1901

Author : Roger D. Cunningham
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826266509
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black Citizen-soldiers of Kansas, 1864-1901 by : Roger D. Cunningham

Download or read book The Black Citizen-soldiers of Kansas, 1864-1901 written by Roger D. Cunningham and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether slaves or free men, African Americans were generally excluded from military service until Emancipation. Many Americans know the story of the United States Colored Troops, who broke racial barriers in Civil War combat, and of the "buffalo soldiers," who served in the West after that conflict, but African Americans also served in segregated militia units in twenty three states. This book tells the story of that experience in Kansas. Roger Cunningham examines a lost history to show that, in addition to black regulars, hundreds of other black militiamen and volunteers from the Sunflower State provided military service from the Civil War until the dawn of the twentieth century. He tells how African Americans initially filled segregated companies hurriedly organized to defend the state from the threat of Confederate invasion, with some units ordered into battle around Kansas City. Then after the state constitution was amended to admit blacks into the Kansas National Guard, but its generals still refused to integrate, blacks served in reserve militia and independent companies and in all black regiments that were raised for the Spanish American and Philippine wars. Cunningham has researched service records, African American newspapers, and official correspondence to give voice to these citizen soldiers. He shares stories of real people like William D. Matthews, a captain in the First Kansas Colored Infantry who was refused a commission when his regiment was mustered into the Union army; Charles Grinsted, who commanded the first black militia company after the Civil War; and other unsung heroes. More than a military history, Cunningham¿s account records the quest of black men, many of them former slaves, for inclusion in American society. Many came from the bottom of the socioeconomic order and found that as militiamen they could gain respect within their communities. And by marching in public ceremonies and organizing fund raising activities to compensate for lack of financial support from the state, they also strengthened the ties that bound African American communities together. The Black Citizen Soldiers of Kansas, 1864¿1901 broadens the story of these volunteers beyond the buffalo soldiers, telling how they served their state and country in both peace and war. It opens a new chapter in history both for the state and for African Americans throughout the United States.

Torchbearers of Democracy

Author : Chad L. Williams
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807899359
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Torchbearers of Democracy by : Chad L. Williams

Download or read book Torchbearers of Democracy written by Chad L. Williams and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 380,000 African American soldiers who fought in World War I, Woodrow Wilson's charge to make the world "safe for democracy" carried life-or-death meaning. Chad L. Williams reveals the central role of African American soldiers in the global conflict and how they, along with race activists and ordinary citizens, committed to fighting for democracy at home and beyond. Using a diverse range of sources, Torchbearers of Democracy reclaims the legacy of African American soldiers and veterans and connects their history to issues such as the obligations of citizenship, combat and labor, diaspora and internationalism, homecoming and racial violence, "New Negro" militancy, and African American memories of the war.

Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers

Author : Bruce A. Glasrud
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826272304
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers by : Bruce A. Glasrud

Download or read book Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers written by Bruce A. Glasrud and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American men were seldom permitted to join the United States armed forces. There had been times in early U.S. history when black and white men fought alongside one another; it was not uncommon for integrated units to take to battle in the Revolutionary War. But by the War of 1812, the United States had come to maintain what one writer called “a whitewashed army.” Yet despite that opposition, during the early 1800s, militia units made up of free black soldiers came together to aid the official military troops in combat. Many black Americans continued to serve in times of military need. Nearly 180,000 African Americans served in units of the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War, and others, from states such as Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Missouri, and Kansas, participated in state militias organized to protect local populations from threats of Confederate invasion. As such, the Civil War was a turning point in the acceptance of black soldiers for national defense. By 1900, twenty-two states and the District of Columbia had accepted black men into some form of military service, usually as state militiamen—brothers to the “buffalo soldiers” of the regular army regiments, but American military men regardless. Little has been published about them, but Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers: Perspectives on the African American Militia and Volunteers, 1865–1919, offers insights into the varied experiences of black militia units in the post–Civil War period. The book includes eleven articles that focus either on “Black Participation in the Militia” or “Black Volunteer Units in the War with Spain.” The articles, collected and introduced by author and scholar Bruce A. Glasrud, provide an overview of the history of early black citizen-soldiers and offer criticism from prominent academics interested in that experience. Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers discusses a previously little-known aspect of the black military experience in U.S. history, while deliberating on the discrimination these men faced both within and outside the military. Chosen on the bases of scholarship, balance, and readability, these articles provide a rare composite picture of the black military man’s life during this period. Brothers to the Buffalo Soldiers offers both a valuable introductory text for students of military studies and a solid source of material for African American historians.

The Double V

Author : Rawn James, Jr.
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1608196224
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Double V by : Rawn James, Jr.

Download or read book The Double V written by Rawn James, Jr. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The century-long struggle to achieve equality for America's black soldiers and sailors, in a stirring narrative history by the author of Root and Branch

Black Soldiers in Blue

Author : John David Smith
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807875996
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Soldiers in Blue by : John David Smith

Download or read book Black Soldiers in Blue written by John David Smith and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2005-10-12 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired and informed by the latest research in African American, military, and social history, the fourteen original essays in this book tell the stories of the African American soldiers who fought for the Union cause. An introductory essay surveys the history of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT) from emancipation to the end of the Civil War. Seven essays focus on the role of the USCT in combat, chronicling the contributions of African Americans who fought at Port Hudson, Milliken's Bend, Olustee, Fort Pillow, Petersburg, Saltville, and Nashville. Other essays explore the recruitment of black troops in the Mississippi Valley; the U.S. Colored Cavalry; the military leadership of Colonels Thomas Higginson, James Montgomery, and Robert Shaw; African American chaplain Henry McNeal Turner; the black troops who occupied postwar Charleston; and the experiences of USCT veterans in postwar North Carolina. Collectively, these essays probe the broad military, political, and social significance of black soldiers' armed service, enriching our understanding of the Civil War and African American life during and after the conflict. The contributors are Anne J. Bailey, Arthur W. Bergeron Jr., John Cimprich, Lawrence Lee Hewitt, Richard Lowe, Thomas D. Mays, Michael T. Meier, Edwin S. Redkey, Richard Reid, William Glenn Robertson, John David Smith, Noah Andre Trudeau, Keith Wilson, and Robert J. Zalimas Jr.

The Employment of Negro Troops

Author : Ulysses Lee
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781516859290
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (592 download)

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Book Synopsis The Employment of Negro Troops by : Ulysses Lee

Download or read book The Employment of Negro Troops written by Ulysses Lee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing that the story of Negro participation in military service during World War II was of national interest as well as of great value for future military planning, the Assistant Secretary of War in February 1944 recommended preparation of a book on this subject. The opportunity to undertake it came two years later with the assignment to the Army's Historical Division of the author, then a captain and a man highly qualified by training and experience to write such a work. After careful examination of the sources and reflection Captain Lee concluded that it would be impracticable to write a comprehensive and balanced history about Negro soldiers in a single volume. His plan, formally approved in August 1946, was to focus his own work on the development of Army policies in the use of Negroes in military service and on the problems associated with the execution of these policies at home and abroad, leaving to the authors of other volumes in the Army's World War II series, then taking shape, the responsibility for covering activities of Negroes in particular topical areas. This definition of the author's objective is needed in order to understand why he has described his work "in no sense a history of Negro troops in World War II." Writing some years ago, he explained: "The purpose of the present volume is to bring together the significant experience of the Army in dealing with an important national question: the full use of the human resources represented by that 10 percent of national population that is Negro. It does not attempt to follow, in narrative form, the participation of Negro troops in the many branches, commands, and units of the Army. . . . A fully descriptive title for the present volume, in the nineteenth century manner, would read: 'The U.S. Army and Its Use of Negro Troops in World War II: Problems in the Development and Application of Policy with Some Attention to the Results, Public and Military.'" Thus, in accordance with his objective, the author gives considerably more attention to the employment of Negroes as combat soldiers than to their use as service troops overseas. Even though a large majority of the Negroes sent overseas saw duty in service rather than in combat units, their employment in service forces did not present the same number or degree of problems.

The African American Experience in Vietnam

Author : James E. Westheider
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742545328
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (453 download)

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Book Synopsis The African American Experience in Vietnam by : James E. Westheider

Download or read book The African American Experience in Vietnam written by James E. Westheider and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book James E. Westheider explores the social and professional paradoxes facing African-American soldiers in Vietnam. Service in the military started as a demonstration of the merits of integration as blacks competed with whites on a near equal basis for the first time. Yet as the war in Vietnam progressed, many black recruits felt isolated and threatened in an institution controlled almost totally by whites. Consequently, many blacks no longer viewed the military as a professional opportunity, but an undue burden on the black community.

Freedom Struggles

Author : Adriane Lentz-Smith
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674054180
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Freedom Struggles by : Adriane Lentz-Smith

Download or read book Freedom Struggles written by Adriane Lentz-Smith and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many of the 200,000 black soldiers sent to Europe with the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, encounters with French civilians and colonial African troops led them to imagine a world beyond Jim Crow. They returned home to join activists working to make that world real. In narrating the efforts of African American soldiers and activists to gain full citizenship rights as recompense for military service, Adriane Lentz-Smith illuminates how World War I mobilized a generation. Black and white soldiers clashed as much with one another as they did with external enemies. Race wars within the military and riots across the United States demonstrated the lengths to which white Americans would go to protect a carefully constructed caste system. Inspired by Woodrow Wilson’s rhetoric of self-determination but battered by the harsh realities of segregation, African Americans fought their own “war for democracy,” from the rebellions of black draftees in French and American ports to the mutiny of Army Regulars in Houston, and from the lonely stances of stubborn individuals to organized national campaigns. African Americans abroad and at home reworked notions of nation and belonging, empire and diaspora, manhood and citizenship. By war’s end, they ceased trying to earn equal rights and resolved to demand them. This beautifully written book reclaims World War I as a critical moment in the freedom struggle and places African Americans at the crossroads of social, military, and international history.