African American Golfers During The Jim Crow Era

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African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era

Author : Marvin P. Dawkins
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era by : Marvin P. Dawkins

Download or read book African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era written by Marvin P. Dawkins and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2000-01-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the period of legally supported segregation in the United States, practices of racial discrimination, touching every sector of American life, prevented African Americans from participating formally in professional sports. Jim Crow policies remained in place in baseball, football, and basketball until a few years before the Supreme Court struck down the separate but equal doctrine in 1954. By the late 1950s, the African American presence was felt in major sports. But this was not the case in professional golf, which continued to maintain segregation policies perpetuating the stereotype that African Americans were suited only to caddie roles in support of white players. The Professional Golfers Association, unaffected by the 1954 Brown decision since it was a private organization, maintained a Caucasian only membership clause until 1961. All-white private clubs maintained racial exclusion until the PGA Championship Shoal Creek Country Club Affair in 1990. Using black newspapers, archives, interviews with living professional golfers and other informants, and black club records, Dawkins and Kinloch reconstruct the world of segregated African American golf from the 1890s onward. In the process they show the pivotal role of Joe Louis, who claimed his hardest fight was the one against segregated golf. While others have documented the rise of an African American presence in other sports, no comparable efforts have traced their roles in golf. This is a pioneering work that will be a resource for other writers and researchers and all who are interested in Black life in American society and sports.

A Missing Link in History

Author : Ramona Harriet
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis A Missing Link in History by : Ramona Harriet

Download or read book A Missing Link in History written by Ramona Harriet and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chronicles the history of African Americans in Golf from the 1800s to 2015. Emerging from the Jim Crow Era, "A Missing Link In History: The Journey of African Americans in Golf" includes a wealth of historical information found over more than a century's span. Discover little-known facts. Glimpse prejudices and hardships. See how African Americans helped fashion significant changes to America's beloved "gentlemen's sport". Revel in the triumphs of African Americans who left a legacy to the game of golf and American history. Recommended for children and adults, this one-of-a-kind publication illustrates how African American golf history has impacted the world of golf and America's civil liberties. Factual, educational, and entertaining, "A Missing Link in History" will take you through an unbelievable journey of pride, perseverance, and power!"--Amazon.com.

A Missing Link in History

Author : Ramona Harriet
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781463622510
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis A Missing Link in History by : Ramona Harriet

Download or read book A Missing Link in History written by Ramona Harriet and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the history of African Americans in Golf from the 1800s into 2015. Emerging from the Jim Crow Era, "A Missing Link In History: The Journey of African Americans in Golf" includes a wealth of historical information found over more than a century's span. Discover little-known facts. Glimpse prejudices and hardships. See how African Americans helped fashion significant changes to America's beloved "gentlemen's sport." Revel in the triumphs of African Americans who left a legacy to the game of golf and American history. Recommended for children and adults, this one-of-a-kind publication illustrates how African American golf history has impacted the world of golf and America's civil liberties. "A Missing Link in History" . . . factual, educational, and entertaining, will take you through an unbelievable journey of pride, perseverance, and power! (Updated second edition)

Fair Ways

Author : Robert J. Robertson
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 1603446109
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Ways by : Robert J. Robertson

Download or read book Fair Ways written by Robert J. Robertson and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation In the summer of 1955, six African American golfers in Beaumont, Texas, began attacking the Jim Crow caste system when they filed a federal lawsuit for the right to play the municipal golf course. The golfers and their African American lawyers went to federal court and asked a conservative white Republican judge to render a decision that would not only integrate the local golf course but also set precedent for desegregation of other public facilities. In Fair Ways, Robert J. Robertson chronicles three parallel stories that converged in this important case. He tells the story of the plaintiffs-avid golfers who had learned the game while working as caddies and waiters-of their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and of the Republican judge just appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower. Using public case papers, public records, newspapers, and oral histories, Robertson has recreated the scene in Beaumont on the eve of desegregation. Fair Ways gives a vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end.

The World of Jim Crow America [2 volumes]

Author : Steven A. Reich
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis The World of Jim Crow America [2 volumes] by : Steven A. Reich

Download or read book The World of Jim Crow America [2 volumes] written by Steven A. Reich and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set is a thematically-arranged encyclopedia covering the social, political, and material culture of America during the Jim Crow Era. What was daily life really like for ordinary African American people in Jim Crow America, the hundred-year period of enforced legal segregation that began immediately after the Civil War and continued until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965? What did they eat, wear, believe, and think? How did they raise their children? How did they interact with government? What did they value? What did they do for fun? This Daily Life encyclopedia explores the lives of average people through the examination of social, cultural, and material history. Supported by the most current research, the multivolume set examines social history topics—including family, political, religious, and economic life—as it illuminates elements of a society's emotional life, interactions, opinions, views, beliefs, intimate relationships, and connections between individuals and the greater world. It is broken up into topical sections, each dealing with a different aspect of cultural life. Each section opens with an introductory essay, followed by A–Z entries on various aspects of that topic.

Separate Games

Author : David K. Wiggins
Publisher : University of Arkansas Press
ISBN 13 : 1682260178
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate Games by : David K. Wiggins

Download or read book Separate Games written by David K. Wiggins and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these "separate games" provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination.

Before Jackie Robinson

Author : Gerald R. Gems
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803266790
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Before Jackie Robinson by : Gerald R. Gems

Download or read book Before Jackie Robinson written by Gerald R. Gems and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam and the Colonial Condition of French Literature explores an aspect of modern French literature that has been consistently overlooked in literary histories: the relationship between the colonies—their cultures, languages, and people—and formal shifts in French literary production. Starting from the premise that neither cultural identity nor cultural production can be pure or homogenous, Leslie Barnes initiates a new discourse on the French literary canon by examining the work of three iconic French writers with personal connections to Vietnam: André Malraux, Marguerite Duras, and Linda Lê. In a thorough investigation of the authors’ linguistic, metaphysical, and textual experiences of colonialism, Barnes articulates a new way of reading French literature: not as an inward-looking, homogenous, monolingual tradition, but rather as a tradition of intersecting and interdependent peoples, cultures, and experiences. One of the few books to focus on Vietnam’s position within francophone literary scholarship, Barnes challenges traditional concepts of French cultural identity and offers a new perspective on canonicity and the division between “French” and “francophone” literature.

Game of Privilege

Author : Lane Demas
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469634236
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Game of Privilege by : Lane Demas

Download or read book Game of Privilege written by Lane Demas and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking history of African Americans and golf explores the role of race, class, and public space in golf course development, the stories of individual black golfers during the age of segregation, the legal battle to integrate public golf courses, and the little-known history of the United Golfers Association (UGA)--a black golf tour that operated from 1925 to 1975. Lane Demas charts how African Americans nationwide organized social campaigns, filed lawsuits, and went to jail in order to desegregate courses; he also provides dramatic stories of golfers who boldly confronted wider segregation more broadly in their local communities. As national civil rights organizations debated golf’s symbolism and whether or not to pursue the game’s integration, black players and caddies took matters into their own hands and helped shape its subculture, while UGA participants forged one of the most durable black sporting organizations in American history as they fought to join the white Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA). From George F. Grant’s invention of the golf tee in 1899 to the dominance of superstar Tiger Woods in the 1990s, this revelatory and comprehensive work challenges stereotypes and indeed the fundamental story of race and golf in American culture.

African Americans and Popular Culture

Author : Todd Boyd
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313064083
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis African Americans and Popular Culture by : Todd Boyd

Download or read book African Americans and Popular Culture written by Todd Boyd and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-10-30 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The African American influence on popular culture is among the most sweeping and lasting this country has seen. Despite a history of institutionalized racism, black artists, entertainers, and entrepreneurs have had enormous impact on American popular culture. Pioneers such as Oscar Michaeux, Paul Robeson, Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, Langston Hughes, Bill Bojangles Robinson, and Bessie Smith paved the way for Jackie Robinson, Nina Simone, James Baldwin, Bill Russell, Muhammad Ali, Sidney Poitier, and Bill Cosby, who in turn opened the door for Spike Lee, Dave Chappelle, Dr. Dre, Jay-Z, Tiger Woods, and Michael Jordan. Today, hip hop is the most powerful element of youth culture; white teenagers outnumber blacks as purchasers of rap music; black-themed movies are regularly successful at the box office, and black writers have been anthologized and canonized right alongside white ones. Though there are still many more miles to travel and much to overcome, this three-volume set considers the multifaceted influence of African Americans on popular culture, and sheds new light on the ways in which African American culture has come to be a fundamental and lasting part of America itself. To articulate the momentous impact African American popular culture has had upon the fabric of American society, these three volumes provide analyses from academics and experts across the country. They provide the most reliable, accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive treatment of key topics, works, and themes in African American popular culture for a new generation of readers. The scope of the project is vast, including: popular historical movements like the Harlem Renaissance; the legacy of African American comedy; African Americans and the Olympics; African Americans and rock 'n roll; more contemporary articulations such as hip hop culture and black urban cinema; and much more. One goal of the project is to recuperate histories that have been perhaps forgotten or obscured to mainstream audiences and to demonstrate how African Americans are not only integral to American culture, but how they have always been purveyors of popular culture.

A Companion to American Sport History

Author : Steven A. Riess
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118609409
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to American Sport History by : Steven A. Riess

Download or read book A Companion to American Sport History written by Steven A. Riess and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to American Sport History presents acollection of original essays that represent the firstcomprehensive analysis of scholarship relating to the growing fieldof American sport history. Presents the first complete analysis of the scholarshiprelating to the academic history of American sport Features contributions from many of the finest scholars workingin the field of American sport history Includes coverage of the chronology of sports from colonialtimes to the present day, including major sports such as baseball,football, basketball, boxing, golf, motor racing, tennis, and trackand field Addresses the relationship of sports to urbanization,technology, gender, race, social class, and genres such as sportsbiography Awarded 2015 Best Anthology from the North American Society for Sport History (NASSH)

African Americans in Sports

Author : David K. Wiggins
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317477448
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis African Americans in Sports by : David K. Wiggins

Download or read book African Americans in Sports written by David K. Wiggins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set features 400 articles on African-Americans in sports, including biographical entries as well as entries on events, tournaments, leagues, clubs, films, and associations. The entries cover all professional, amateur, and college sports such as baseball, tennis, and golf.

The African American Woman Golfer

Author : M. Mikell Johnson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313349053
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis The African American Woman Golfer by : M. Mikell Johnson

Download or read book The African American Woman Golfer written by M. Mikell Johnson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-12-30 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The African American Woman Golfer: Her Legacy gives a brief historical overview of African American women in golf and examines the sport to uncover all African American women who have been involved in golf over the past 75 years. M. Mikell Johnson shows how these women-who were seemingly far removed from the white, male, privileged world of the country club-broke both color and gender barriers to become golfers. This book traces the history of how African American women got involved in golf. Title VI and Title IX alleviated some of the racial and financial burdens for some young women in high school and college athletics, allowing them to participate in all sports regardless of race, creed, or gender. Women's clubs also provided a stable foundation for female athletes in male-dominated sports. The misinformation, social apathy, financial encumbrances, and, finally, the role of the media in both promoting and preventing black women's opportunities in golf are discussed. The African American Woman Golfer: Her Legacy identifies over 300 women and their lives in golf. The author also profiles prominent golfers such as Althea Gibson, who crossed the LPGA color line; Helen Webb Harris, who created the first club for black women golfers; and Ann Gregory, who broke the USGA whites only clause in women's golf.

Jim Crow America

Author : Catherine M. Lewis
Publisher : University of Arkansas Press
ISBN 13 : 155728895X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis Jim Crow America by : Catherine M. Lewis

Download or read book Jim Crow America written by Catherine M. Lewis and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2009-03-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a resource on racism and segregation in American life. The book is chronologically organized into five sections, each of which focuses on a different historical period in the story of Jim Crow: inventing, building, living, resisting, and dismantling.

Playing from the Rough

Author : Jimmie James
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1668005972
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Playing from the Rough by : Jimmie James

Download or read book Playing from the Rough written by Jimmie James and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-06-11 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of one man’s quest to become the first person to play each of America’s 100 greatest golf courses in a single year, an odyssey that brings him face to face with the gulf between his impoverished childhood in the Jim Crow South and the successful executive he became. When he set out to play each of Golf Digest’s America’s 100 greatest golf courses in one year, Jimmie James knew he was attempting the impossible. But then again, he’d spent his entire life defying the odds. James was born invisible. His birth certificate, long since filed away in some clerk’s office in East Texas, recorded facts about him that were deemed most relevant in the late 1950s: “colored” and “illegitimate.” His great-great-grandmother was enslaved, and his early life was confined by the privation and segregation of the late Jim Crow-era South. Four decades later—having put himself through an HBCU and determinedly risen through the executive ranks at ExxonMobil—he embarked on his journey to play the 100 greatest golf courses in the United States. In a single year. From the first tee at Augusta National, the distance between the world he grew up in and the world of extreme privilege to which he’d now managed to gain access was impossible to ignore. Playing from the Rough is a remarkable memoir of race, class, family, and the power of perseverance, as James braids his love of golf with reflections on the path that took him from childhood poverty to the most exclusive and opulent golf courses in America.

Golf in America

Author : George B. Kirsch
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252032926
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Golf in America by : George B. Kirsch

Download or read book Golf in America written by George B. Kirsch and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inclusive narrative of golf's history and popularity in the United States

A Course of Their Own

Author :
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803278196
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (781 download)

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Book Synopsis A Course of Their Own by :

Download or read book A Course of Their Own written by and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bill Spiller was forty-seven when he was forced by desperate finances to caddie at the Hillcrest Country Club in Los Angeles. One day Spiller was caddying for a member who became outraged by Spiller?s stories of inequities and suffering during his golfing career. The golfer urged Spiller to write California?s attorney general, who later ordered the Professional Golfers? Association (PGA) to cease its discrimination. In 1961 the ?Caucasian race? clause was deleted from the PGA constitution. This was an historic decision that gave black golfers the chance to compete at the highest level in the sport. ø Golf has long been the domain of white men. During the twentieth century, however, African American pioneers such as Lee Elder, Howard Wheeler, and Charlie Sifford broke down the barriers for black golfers who wanted to play, and win, as equals with white golfers. A Course of Their Own looks at golf from the perspectives of these men, who had courage as well as remarkable skills. It tells the stories of their struggles, their bravery, and their passion for the game and puts their lives and contributions into historical perspective.

Sports in America from Colonial Times to the Twenty-First Century: An Encyclopedia

Author : Steven A. Riess
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317459474
Total Pages : 1204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Sports in America from Colonial Times to the Twenty-First Century: An Encyclopedia by : Steven A. Riess

Download or read book Sports in America from Colonial Times to the Twenty-First Century: An Encyclopedia written by Steven A. Riess and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique new reference work, this encyclopedia presents a social, cultural, and economic history of American sports from hunting, bowling, and skating in the sixteenth century to televised professional sports and the X Games today. Nearly 400 articles examine historical and cultural aspects of leagues, teams, institutions, major competitions, the media and other related industries, as well as legal and social issues, economic factors, ethnic and racial participation, and the growth of institutions and venues. Also included are biographical entries on notable individuals—not just outstanding athletes, but owners and promoters, journalists and broadcasters, and innovators of other kinds—along with in-depth entries on the history of major and minor sports from air racing and archery to wrestling and yachting. A detailed chronology, master bibliography, and directory of institutions, organizations, and governing bodies—plus more than 100 vintage and contemporary photographs—round out the coverage.