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Advanced Magnetic System For Uxo Detection And Discrimination
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Book Synopsis Advanced Magnetic System for UXO Detection and Discrimination by :
Download or read book Advanced Magnetic System for UXO Detection and Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project addressed issues of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) detection, as a key component of the land remediation problem. Remediation is a formidably expensive operation. Much of the cost is a consequence of "dry" holes dug to reveal a benign object instead of the expected hazardous UXO, and of holes dug in the wrong location, or made much larger than they ought, thanks to faulty localization of the ordnance. The concept proposed for development in the present project is based on the fact that most UXO uses ferrous steel. Its ferromagnetic and conducting properties both distort the earth's static magnetic field and generate a secondary field in response to a time-dependent exciting field. The proposal and initial statement of work set out to develop a single instrument combining target detection and accurate localization (via passive magnetic gradiometry of the earth s-field distortion) with target-clutter discrimination (using the response to a broadband exciting field). No such single instrument exists today. The proposed instrument was to incorporate a full tensor magnetic gradiometer inside a three-axis excitation field source. With the source turned off, the gradiometer enables detection and localization. With the source turned on at closer range, the gradiometer measures the broadband response of the object and a classification algorithm, developed independently at Duke University, would decide whether the object was a UXO or not.
Book Synopsis Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration-US Army Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison, Indiana by :
Download or read book Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration-US Army Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison, Indiana written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Environmental Security Technology Certification program (ESTCP) funded the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV) (lead agency), the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and the U.S. Environmental Center (AEC) to design and conduct controlled technology demonstrations at the U.S. Army Jefferson Proving Ground (JPG) in Madison, Indiana. These technology demonstrations were conducted during the period June to November 2000 at three 1-hectare areas within JPG. The demonstrations were designed to assess the capabilities of state-of-the-art technologies to detect, discriminate, and identify unexploded ordnance (UXO) in areas containing natural (magnetic rocks/soils) and man-made (munitions fragments) clutter. In addition, cost and production rates for each of the systems were documented and compared with standard "mag and flag" operations. This report documents the metrics developed for evaluating field performance, summarizes the performance of each of the systems, and identifies areas where improvements are needed. The results of these demonstrations are intended to aid the Government in selecting effective and efficient UXO detection and discrimination systems for difficult magnetic clutter sites such as those encountered in Kaho'olawe, Hawaii.
Book Synopsis Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration - Kaho'olawe Hawaii by :
Download or read book Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration - Kaho'olawe Hawaii written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary technical objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate the detection and discrimination capabilities (including production rates and costs) of advanced UXO systems in difficult magnetic clutter environments such as those encountered at Kaho'olawe, Hawaii. One 90-m by 111.1-m (1-hectare) area and 10 (not necessarily contiguous) 30-m by 30-m test grids within the Kaho'olawe Quality Assurance (QA) Range were prepared to present a limited range of target/clutter/topography/vegetation/magnetic background conditions to the various demonstrators' systems: Geonics EM-63, GTL TM-5 EMU, Geophex GEM-3, NRL EMMS, and Geonics EM-61. Anomaly maps, survey maps, and demonstrators target discrimination charts are compared to actual groundtruth to determine performance assessrnent of detection, discrimination, and false alarm rate. At Kaho'olawe, the advanced EMI systems did not demonstrate significant performance and/or cost improvements over the baseline technology consisting of a standard EM-61 system operated in an "EM and Flag" mode. This was not true at Jefferson Proving Ground, Indiana (July 2000). Finally, the safety and logistics problems associated with conducting technology demonstrations concurrent with actual UXO cleanup operations proved to be a very inefficient, costly, and time-consuming process.
Book Synopsis Multi-sensor Systems Development for UXO Detection and Discrimination by :
Download or read book Multi-sensor Systems Development for UXO Detection and Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multi-sensor Systems Development for UXO Detection and Discrimination by : David Wright
Download or read book Multi-sensor Systems Development for UXO Detection and Discrimination written by David Wright and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Watson written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Multisensor System for Detection and Characterization of UXO(MM-0437) - Demonstration Report by : J. T. Smith
Download or read book A Multisensor System for Detection and Characterization of UXO(MM-0437) - Demonstration Report written by J. T. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Berkeley UXO discriminator (BUD) (Figure 1) is a portable Active Electromagnetic (AEM) system for UXO detection and characterization that quickly determines the location, size, and symmetry properties of a suspected UXO. The BUD comprises of three orthogonal transmitters that 'illuminate' a target with fields in three independent directions in order to stimulate the three polarization modes that, in general, characterize the target EM response. In addition, the BUD uses eight pairs of differenced receivers for response recording. Eight receiver coils are placed horizontally along the two diagonals of the upper and lower planes of the two horizontal transmitter loops. These receiver coil pairs are located on symmetry lines through the center of the system and each pair sees identical fields during the on-time of the pulse in all of the transmitter coils. They are wired in opposition to produce zero output during the on-time of the pulses in three orthogonal transmitters. Moreover, this configuration dramatically reduces noise in the measurements by canceling the background electromagnetic fields (these fields are uniform over the scale of the receiver array and are consequently nulled by the differencing operation), and by canceling the noise contributed by the tilt of the receivers in the Earth's magnetic field, and greatly enhances receivers sensitivity to the gradients of the target response. The BUD performs target characterization from a single position of the sensor platform above a target. BUD was designed to detect and characterize UXO in the 20 mm to 155 mm size range for depths between 0 and 1 m. The relationship between the object size and the depth at which it can be detected is illustrated in Figure 2. This curve was calculated for BUD assuming that the receiver plane is 20 cm above the ground. Figure 2 shows that, for example, BUD can detect and characterize an object with 10 cm diameter down to the depth of 90 cm with depth uncertainty of 10%. Any objects buried at the depth more than 1 m have a low probability of detection. With existing algorithms in the system computer it is not possible to recover the principal polarizabilities of large objects close to the system. Detection of large shallow objects is assured, but at present real time discrimination for shallow objects is not. Post processing of the field data is required for shape discrimination of large shallow targets. Next generation of BUD software will not have this limitation. Successful application of the inversion algorithm that solves for the target parameters is contingent upon resolution of this limitation. At the moment, interpretation software is developed for a single object only. In case of multiple objects the software indicates the presence of a cluster of objects but is unable to provide characteristics of each individual object.
Book Synopsis Multisensor Methods for Buried Unexploded Ordnance Detection, Discrimination, and Identification by :
Download or read book Multisensor Methods for Buried Unexploded Ordnance Detection, Discrimination, and Identification written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleanup is the number one priority Army installation remediation/restoration requirement The problem is enormous in scope, with millions of acres and hundreds of sites potentially contaminated. Before the UXO can be recovered and destroyed, it must be located. UXO location requires surface geophysical surveys. The geophysical anomalies caused by the UXO must be detected, discriminated from geophysical anomalies caused by other sources, and ideally identified or classified. Recent UXO technology demonstrations, live site demonstrations, and practical UXO surveys for site cleanup confirm that most UXO anomalies can be detected (with probabilities of detection of 90 percent or better), however there is little evidence of discrimination capability (i.e., the false alarm rates are high), and there is no identification capability. Approaches to simultaneously increase probability of detection and decrease false alarm rate and ultimately to give identification/classification capability involve rational multisensor data integration for discrimination and advanced development of new and emerging technology for enhanced discrimination and identification. The goal of multisensor data integration is to achieve true joint inversion of data to a best-fitting model using realistic physics-based models that replicate UXO geometries and physical properties of the UXO and surrounding geologic materials. Data management, analysis, and display procedures for multisensor data are investigated. The role of empirical, quasi-empirical, and analytical modeling for UXO geophysical signature prediction are reviewed and contrasted with approaches that require large signature databases (e.g., expert systems, neural nets, signature database comparison) for training or best-fit comparison. A magnetic modeling capability is developed, validated, and documented that uses a prolate spheroid model of UXO.
Book Synopsis Advancing the State of the Art of UXO Discrimination for Total-field Magnetic Data by : David B. Sinex
Download or read book Advancing the State of the Art of UXO Discrimination for Total-field Magnetic Data written by David B. Sinex and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Book Synopsis Detection and Discrimination Techniques for Total Field Magnetometers and Multi-Axis Gradiometers by :
Download or read book Detection and Discrimination Techniques for Total Field Magnetometers and Multi-Axis Gradiometers written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A project investigating detection and discrimination techniques for total field magnetometers and multiaxis gradiometers is being performed under the Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Clearance Technology Program sponsored by the U.S. Army Environmental Center and managed by the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division. The project was developed to address the Government's need for reliable, efficient, and cost effective UXO clearance technology. This need has become a priority within the Department of Defense because of military downsizing, reductions, and base consolidations, and the need to close, clean up, and return military bases and ranges to the public. Arete Engineering Technologies Corporation developed an automatic processor for use on the Subsurface Ordnance Characterization System which has an array of cesium vapor magnetometers. The processor is a stand alone computer code, written in Ansi C, which automatically (without an operator) detects and characterizes magnetic anomalies. The prototype processor performs five major subtasks: (I) data input and mapping, (2) noise preprocessing, (3)threshold detection, (4) parameter estimating, and (5) target output information. It serves as a baseline algorithm for future software efforts. This report discusses the major program algorithms, their theoretical bases, and overall program logic flow. In addition, processor upgrade paths are identified for near and long term efforts.
Book Synopsis Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1994 and the Future Years Defense Program: Military readiness and defense infrastructure by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
Download or read book Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1994 and the Future Years Defense Program: Military readiness and defense infrastructure written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets by :
Download or read book Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications by : Stevan Preradovic
Download or read book Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications written by Stevan Preradovic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a modern wireless data transmission and reception technique for applications including automatic identification, asset tracking and security surveillance. This book focuses on the advances in RFID tag antenna and ASIC design, novel chipless RFID tag design, security protocol enhancements along with some novel applications of RFID.
Book Synopsis Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Induction for UXO Discrimination by :
Download or read book Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Induction for UXO Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - 18 - The material in this section consists of extracts from, summaries of, and comments on results that appear in more detail in the following chapters of the report. For the most part, literature references are not provided in this section, when they are present adequately in the more detailed report sections. At the inception of the project, reliable, accurate means were needed to analyze EMI UWB target responses, both to identify phenomena in the new frequency frontiers and to integrate them into patterns continuing through the more familiar parts of the EMI band. Much was lacking in this regard in terms of both analytical and numerical models. To address this, formulations were developed to provide analytical solutions, for the first time, for basic non-spherical shapes (elongated and flattened spheroids). A parallel development was also undertaken in the numerical realm, designed to treat arbitrary shapes and material composition, in 3-D, from the low frequency limit to the high frequency limit. Work was successful in - 19 - both realms. All models were based on first-principles physics, in particular Maxwell's fundamental equations of electromagnetics. These are typically simplified somewhat in induction problems, as phenomena are justifiably treated as quasi-magnetostatic (MQS). In mathematical practice, this means that a term is eliminated that contains the time derivative of the electric field. At higher, e.g. radar frequencies, this term cannot be eliminated.
Book Synopsis Brieven van Abraham Jan Daniel van Oosten (1898-1969) aan Garmt Stuiveling (1907-1985) by :
Download or read book Brieven van Abraham Jan Daniel van Oosten (1898-1969) aan Garmt Stuiveling (1907-1985) written by and published by . This book was released on 1935 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EMI Array for Cued UXO Discrimination by :
Download or read book EMI Array for Cued UXO Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vehicle-towed array of time-domain electromagnetic sensors was designed and operated to optimize the classification of buried munitions from ancillary metallic debris and clutter. The array was designed to combine the data quality advantages of a gridded survey with the coverage efficiencies of a vehicular system. The design goal for this system was to collect data equal, if not better, in quality to the best gridded surveys while prosecuting many more targets each field day. In order to separate out the intrinsic target response properties from sensor/target geometry effects, the measured signature is inverted to estimate principal axis magnetic polarizabilities using a standard induced dipole response model. The technology was validated through two blind tests conducted at the Aberdeen Proving Ground Standardized UXO Test Site and as part of the ESTCP UXO Classification Study at the former Camp San Luis Obispo. The performance metrics used to monitor the success of the technology relate to production rate, accuracy of inverted features, analysis time, correct classification, and ease of use.
