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Adult Neurogenesis And Neural Stem Cells In Mammals
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Book Synopsis Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells in Mammals by : Philippe Taupin
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells in Mammals written by Philippe Taupin and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title contains a book and CD. The brain has a number of nerve cells estimated at a magnitude of 10 to 100 billion, and 1014 to 1015 synapses, and therefore is the most complex organ of the human body. During fetal development the foundations of the brain are laid as billions of neurons form appropriate connections and patterns. In the adult mammalian brain, most neurons are post-mitotic, and therefore at risk for irreversible damage. As we age, atrophy of the brain occurs. As brain weight declines the volume of the brain in the 8th decade is reduced by 6 per cent -10 per cent versus the third decade, and neuronal loss occurs, up to 10,000 to 100,000 neurons are lost per day, though this estimation is being revised downward with the advance of more sophisticated measurements.
Book Synopsis Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals by : Marie-Pierre Junier
Download or read book Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals written by Marie-Pierre Junier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text highlights the endogenous regenerative potential of the central nervous system in neonates and juveniles and discusses possible ways it might be manipulated for medical purposes. The first section provides a descriptive summary of the salient steps of human brain development with a discussion of comparisons with other mammalian brains. It also provides a historical perspective on our understanding of ongoing brain development throughout the lifespan and serve to introduce the concept of brain plasticity following injury. The second part is devoted to the endogenous reparative potential of the brain, including its limitations, and articles focusing on defined pathologies (e.g. anoxia/hypoxia, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and stress) in animal models and in humans pinpoint eventual ways these pathologies might be manipulated. The third and final focuses on the "dark side" of stem cells for brain repair or of the manipulation of spontaneous adaptive events after injury (e.g. genomic instability, sensitization to cancerous transformation and defective neural networks).
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells by : Luca Bonfanti
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Luca Bonfanti and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years after the discovery of neural stem cells, the question whether the central nervous system can be considered among regenerative tissues is still open. On one side, deep characterization of neural stem and progenitor cells, their niches, and their progeny in brain neurogenic sites overtly showed that new neurons can be generated in the brain of adult mammals, including humans. On the other side, many problems arise when stem cells encounter the mature brain parenchyma, still hampering the development of efficacious therapeutic approaches with endogenous or exogenously-delivered neural stem cells. This book tries to make the point on these extremely promising, yet unresolved, issues.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells and Therapy by : Tao Sun
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells and Therapy written by Tao Sun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collective work of international experts in the neural stem cell field. The book incorporates the characterization of embryonic and adult neural stem cells in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It highlights the history and the most advanced discoveries in neural stem cells, and summarizes the mechanisms of neural stem cell development. In particular, this book provides strategies and discusses the challenges of utilizing neural stem cells for therapy of neurological disorders and brain and spinal cord injuries. It is suitable for general readers, students, doctors and researchers who are interested in understanding the principles of and new discoveries in neural stem cells and therapy.
Book Synopsis Adult Neurogenesis: Beyond Rats and Mice by : Luca Bonfanti
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis: Beyond Rats and Mice written by Luca Bonfanti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers working on adult neurogenesis have focused largely on inbred laboratory rodents. While this provides a strong advantage of restricting genetic variation in the group, it also narrows our perspective on adult neurogenesis as a biological phenomenon. Many unsolved issues and open questions cannot be resolved without the contribution of comparative studies spanning through widely different species: how did adult neurogenesis evolve, what is the link between adult neurogenesis and brain complexity, how do adult neurogenesis and animal behavior influence each other, how does adult neurogenesis contribute to brain plasticity, cognition and, possibly, repair, and how do experimental conditions affect adult neurogenesis. The main message from the comparative approach to adult neurogenesis is that the relative exclusive focus on laboratory rodents can result in a bias on how we think about this biological process.
Book Synopsis Adult Neurogenesis by : Gerd Kempermann
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis written by Gerd Kempermann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adult neurogenesis and of stem cells in the brain has changed our view of the mature brain. Though we now know that the adult brain can make new neurons, it normally does so only in two privileged regions, the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Yet stem cells, which have the potential to produce new neurons, can be found throughout the adult brain. So why does the brain not make wider use of its potential for neurogenesis? And what is the function of new neurons and of neural stem cells in areas where they occur? After all, the brain regenerates poorly and many neurological and psychiatric disorders are chronic because cell replacement has not taken place. This is the first comprehensive, integrated account of one of the most exciting areas of neuroscience. It begins with the historical background and discusses theories of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell biology in the context of learning and memory processes as well as structural plasticity. It describes in detail neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and olfactory system and then surveys the regulatory, functional, and comparative aspects, concluding with a chapter on the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with such diseases as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, brain tumors, and dementias. For graduate students, investigators, and clinicians in the neurosciences, developmental biology, and stem cell research, this book is a unique resource that sifts through the evidence for exciting scientific ideas and fosters a realistic view of the therapeutic possibilities for the use of stem cells in the adult brain.
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain by : Sara Gil-Perotín
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain written by Sara Gil-Perotín and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult neurogenesis has been questioned for many years. In the early 1900s, a dogma was established that denied new neuron formation in the adult brain. In the last century however, new discoveries have demonstrated the real existence of proliferation in the adult brain, and in the last decade, these studies led to the identification of neural stem cells in mammals. Adult neural stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are present in the adult brain and are capable of dividing and differentiating into glia and new neurons. Newly formed neurons terminally differentiate into mature neurons in the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Since then, a number of new research lines have emerged whose common objective is the phenotypical and molecular characterization of brain stem cells. As a result, new therapies are successfully being applied to animal models for certain neurodegenerative diseases or stroke. At present, and in years to come, this finding extends to the adult human brain, and gives reason and hope to all the previous studies.
Book Synopsis Adult neurogenesis twenty years later: physiological function versus brain repair by : Paolo Peretto
Download or read book Adult neurogenesis twenty years later: physiological function versus brain repair written by Paolo Peretto and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery that mammalian brains contain neural stem cells which perform adult neurogenesis - the production and integration of new neurons into mature neural circuits - has provided a fully new vision of neural plasticity. On a theoretical basis, this achievement opened new perspectives for therapeutic approaches in restorative and regenerative neurology. Nevertheless, in spite of striking advancement concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms which allow and regulate the neurogenic process, its exploitation in mammals for brain repair strategies remains unsolved. In non-mammalian vertebrates, adult neurogenesis also contributes to brain repair/regeneration. In mammals, neural stem cells do respond to pathological conditions in the so called "reactive neurogenesis", yet without substantial regenerative outcome. Why, even in the presence of stem cells in the brain, we lack an effective reparative outcome in terms of regenerative neurology, and which factors hamper the attainment of this goal? Essentially, what remains unanswered is the question whether (and how) physiological functions of adult neurogenesis in mammals can be exploited for brain repair purposes.
Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Chemical Communication by : Carla Mucignat-Caretta
Download or read book Neurobiology of Chemical Communication written by Carla Mucignat-Caretta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and Clinical Implications by : Fred H. Gage
Download or read book Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and Clinical Implications written by Fred H. Gage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 40 years of research, scientists have confirmed that persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian brain. The obvious next question is: "Are the newly generated neurons functional?" If so, "What are the functions of these new neurons?" This volume intends to clarify both questions by providing the latest data available.
Book Synopsis Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain I by : Tatsunori Seki
Download or read book Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain I written by Tatsunori Seki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adult neurogenesis caused a paradigm shift in the neurosciences. For more than 100 years, it was believed that adult neurons do not regenerate. Joseph Altman and Fernando Nottebohm found proof to the contrary and changed the course of history. Their research, included here, provides the foundations of the field. Today, adult neurogenesis is a rapidly expanding discipline applicable to the study of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders. With multiple authors, the 27 chapters of this book contain the latest work in two volumes. The first presents the basic biology of adult neurogenesis in non-mammalian vertebrates and in the mammalian hippocampus and olfactory bulb, and the second discusses clinical implications and delves into adult neurogenesis and brain injury as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies. With details of the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the two neurogenic brain regions, this book provides indispensable knowledge for many areas of neuroscience and for experimental and clinical applications of adult neurogenesis to brain therapy.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease by : H. Georg Kuhn
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease written by H. Georg Kuhn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-22 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume is the first to specifically target developing, adult and diseased neural stem cells. It explores recent advances in the understanding of neural stem cell biology along with strategies that use these cells to tackle neurological diseases and brain aging. Ten inclusive chapters discuss a wide range of topics including neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, demyelinating disease, mood regulation, and spinal cord regeneration, among others. Written by world-renowned scientists in the field, Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease presents cutting-edge studies of interest to both established neurogenesis researchers and readers with general interests in nervous system science. It is an authoritative addition to the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series.
Book Synopsis Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus by : Juan J. Canales
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus written by Juan J. Canales and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurogenesis in the adult brain has emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly moving fields in modern neuroscience research. The implications of adult neurogenesis for health and well-being are wide-ranging, with findings in this area having distinct relevance for treatment and rehabilitation in neurology and psychopathology. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus addresses these implications by providing an up-to-date account on how neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to critical psychological and physiological processes, such as learning and memory, and how it is modified by life experiences, such as aging, environmental enrichment, exercise, and dieting. The book also provides the most current reviews of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences the pathogenesis of mood disorders, addiction, and key neurological disorders. This book is the ideal resource for researchers and advanced graduates seeking focused knowledge on the role of adult neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Provides a unique overview of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to adaptive processes, brain psychopathology, and disease Includes state-of-the-art reviews by leading world experts in adult neurogenesis
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis by : Arie S. Mobley
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis written by Arie S. Mobley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis provides graduate students and neuroscientists with a basic understanding of what neural stem cells are and the cell types they produce. This early graduate level reference describes their physiology and potential for medicine and provides students with fundamental stem cell information. An overview of stem cell sources in the human body and a brief mention of relevant diseases provide context for the value of this knowledge. The book also includes chapters on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the methods used to obtain them, and a review of the ethical challenges associated with stem cell research. For each region, the book provides a description of its neurogenic niche, cellular and molecular biology, and information on the neurons' contribution to normal and diseased brain function. The level of information is appropriate for early graduate students, introducing technology and molecular biology in an accessible format. Provides a basic understanding of what a stem cell is, the different types, and their potential in health and research Details adult neurogenesis and its role in behavior, stroke and disease Includes walkthrough and technology boxes that illustrate experimental concepts, new approaches and techniques
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells and Cellular Therapy by : Philippe Taupin
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells and Cellular Therapy written by Philippe Taupin and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past-decade or so, studies have revealed and confirmed that new nerve cells are generated in the adult brain of mammals, including humans. These new nerve cells originate from cells, referred as neural stem cells. Neural stem cells have the capacity to generate nerve cells and repair the brain. Hence, contrary to a long-held dogma, neural stem cells reside in the adult brain and therefore the adult brain has the capacity of, and may be amenable to, repair. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells offer new avenues and opportunities for the treatment and cure of a broad range of neurological diseases, disorders and injuries. Neural stem cells and cellular therapy aims at providing an overview and in depth analysis of recent developments in neuralstem cell research and therapy. This book is composed of recently published review articles that went through the peer-review process.
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emerging Roles for Hippocampal Adult Neural Stem Cells in Memory by : Aaron R. Friedman
Download or read book Emerging Roles for Hippocampal Adult Neural Stem Cells in Memory written by Aaron R. Friedman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 50 years ago, newly generated neurons were discovered in the adult hippocampus of the rat brain. This discovery contradicted a key principle in mammalian developmental neurobiology—that all the neurons of the brain are made during early development—and led to intensive study to find out how new neurons are generated and how the process of neurogenesis is regulated. Since then, a unique population of adult neural stem cells has been identified, and many of the molecular pathways that control their self-renewal, proliferation, and cell fate have been elucidated. However, the presence of new neurons in the adult brain also poses intriguing functional questions that have, as yet, gone largely unanswered. Why is adult neurogenesis restricted to select brain regions? What functional benefit do these new cells confer? Indeed, the field of adult neurogenesis offers a unique opportunity to study naïve neurons as they mature, form connections with existing neural networks, and begin to participate in information processing. We review the basics of adult NSC biology and the maturation of newborn neurons. In particular, we focus on new neurons in the hippocampus, and how they contribute to function in this key memory-forming structure of the brain.
