Activists In City Hall

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Activists in City Hall

Author : Pierre Clavel
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801460115
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Activists in City Hall by : Pierre Clavel

Download or read book Activists in City Hall written by Pierre Clavel and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1983, Boston and Chicago elected progressive mayors with deep roots among community activists. Taking office as the Reagan administration was withdrawing federal aid from local governments, Boston's Raymond Flynn and Chicago's Harold Washington implemented major policies that would outlast them. More than reforming governments, they changed the substance of what the government was trying to do: above all, to effect a measure of redistribution of resources to the cities' poor and working classes and away from hollow goals of "growth" as measured by the accumulation of skyscrapers. In Boston, Flynn moderated an office development boom while securing millions of dollars for affordable housing. In Chicago, Washington implemented concrete measures to save manufacturing jobs, against the tide of national policy and trends. Activists in City Hall examines how both mayors achieved their objectives by incorporating neighborhood activists as a new organizational force in devising, debating, implementing, and shaping policy. Based in extensive archival research enriched by details and insights gleaned from hours of interviews with key figures in each administration and each city's activist community, Pierre Clavel argues that key to the success of each mayor were numerous factors: productive contacts between city hall and neighborhood activists, strong social bases for their agendas, administrative innovations, and alternative visions of the city. Comparing the experiences of Boston and Chicago with those of other contemporary progressive cities-Hartford, Berkeley, Madison, Santa Cruz, Santa Monica, Burlington, and San Francisco-Activists in City Hall provides a new account of progressive urban politics during the Reagan era and offers many valuable lessons for policymakers, city planners, and progressive political activists.

Becoming a Citizen Activist

Author : Nick Licata
Publisher : Sasquatch Books
ISBN 13 : 1632170450
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Becoming a Citizen Activist by : Nick Licata

Download or read book Becoming a Citizen Activist written by Nick Licata and published by Sasquatch Books. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From post-inauguration rallies to #NoDAPL and the Black Lives Matter movement to the global Women’s March on Washington, the people are exercising their power through protest and community organizing in a way that hasn’t been seen in years. For those looking to organize for the first time or for seasoned activists looking to update their repertoire, the time is ripe for a playbook like Becoming a Citizen Activist. A longtime Seattle city councilmember and one of the city’s most effective and inspiring leaders of progressive political and social change since the 1960s, Nick Licata outlines how to get organized and master the tactics to create change by leveraging effective communication strategies (such as creating community through online channels like Facebook and Twitter), how to effectively engage traditional media channels, and how to congregate local and national people power. Licata demonstrates by example that we can fight city hall. Balancing an idealistic vision of a better world with the clear-eyed pragmatism necessary to build it from the ground up, this smart and powerful book will empower any activist with the tools they need to effect change.

Winning Richmond

Author : Gayle McLaughlin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780999135815
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Winning Richmond by : Gayle McLaughlin

Download or read book Winning Richmond written by Gayle McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades the Chevron oil refinery ruled Richmond, allowing heavy industries to poison the environment, causing great harm to the community's health and posing grave risks to their safety. A group of political activists, environmentalists, and social justice advocates formed a Progressive Alliance that took their city back from corporate interests. They transformed Richmond into a national leader in sustainability, equity and grassroots democracy, giving hope to communities throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, the state of California, and the world.Gayle McLaughlin was at the center of that long-term struggle, organizing with co-activists, going door-to-door campaigning and serving as the two-term Mayor of Richmond, California. This is her story. This is Richmond¿s story.

Activist New York

Author : Steven H. Jaffe
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479804606
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Activist New York by : Steven H. Jaffe

Download or read book Activist New York written by Steven H. Jaffe and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2018-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activist New York surveys New York City's long history of social activism from the 1650's to the 2010's. Bringing these passionate histories alive, Activist New York is a visual exploration of these movements, serving as a companion book to the highly-praised Museum of the City of New York exhibition of the same name. New York's primacy as a metropolis of commerce, finance, industry, media, and ethnic diversity has given it a unique and powerfully influential role in the history of American and global activism. Steven H. Jaffe explores how New York's evolving identities as an incubator and battleground for activists have made it a "machine for change." In responding to the city as a site of slavery, immigrant entry, labor conflicts, and wealth disparity, New Yorkers have repeatedly challenged the status quo. Activist New York brings to life the characters who make up these vibrant histories, including David Ruggles, an African American shopkeeper who helped enslaved fugitives on the city's Underground Railroad during the 1830s; Clara Lemlich, a Ukrainian Jewish immigrant who helped spark the 1909 "Uprising of 20,000" that forever changed labor relations in the city's booming garment industry; and Craig Rodwell, Karla Jay, and others who forged a Gay Liberation movement both before and after the Stonewall Riot of June 1969. Permanent exhibition: Puffin Foundation Gallery, Museum of the City of New York, USA.

The Activist's Handbook

Author : Randy Shaw
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520274059
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Activist's Handbook by : Randy Shaw

Download or read book The Activist's Handbook written by Randy Shaw and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-08-26 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Activist's Handbook: Winning Social Change in the 21st Century details the impact of specific strategies on campaigns across the country, from Occupy Wall Street to battles over sweatshops, the environment, AIDS policies, education reform, homelessness, and more: How should activists use new media tools to expose issues and mobilize grassroots support? When should activists form coalitions, and with whom? How are students?be they DREAMers seeking immigration reform or college activists battling ever-increasing tuition costs?winning major campaigns? Whether it?s by inspiring "fear and loathing" in politicians, building diverse coalitions, using ballot initiatives, or harnessing the media, the courts, and the electoral process towards social change, Shaw?a longtime activist for urban issues?shows that with a plan, positive change can be achieved. Century details the impact of specific strategies on campaigns across the country, from Occupy Wall Street to battles over sweatshops, the environment, AIDS policies, education reform, homelessness, and more: How should activists use new media tools to expose issues and mobilize grassroots support? When should activists form coalitions, and with whom? How are students?be they DREAMers seeking immigration reform or college activists battling ever-increasing tuition costs?winning major campaigns? Whether it?s by inspiring "fear and loathing" in politicians, building diverse coalitions, using ballot initiatives, or harnessing the media, the courts, and the electoral process towards social change, Shaw?a longtime activist for urban issues?shows that with a plan, positive change can be achieved.

Barrio Democracy in Latin America

Author : Eduardo Canel
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271037334
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Barrio Democracy in Latin America by : Eduardo Canel

Download or read book Barrio Democracy in Latin America written by Eduardo Canel and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition to democracy underway in Latin America since the 1980s has recently witnessed a resurgence of interest in experimenting with new forms of local governance emphasizing more participation by ordinary citizens. The hope is both to foster the spread of democracy and to improve equity in the distribution of resources. While participatory budgeting has been a favorite topic of many scholars studying this new phenomenon, there are many other types of ongoing experiments. In Barrio Democracy in Latin America, Eduardo Canel focuses our attention on the innovative participatory programs launched by the leftist government in Montevideo, Uruguay, in the early 1990s. Based on his extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Canel examines how local activists in three low-income neighborhoods in that city dealt with the opportunities and challenges of implementing democratic practices and building better relationships with sympathetic city officials.

We Matter

Author : Etan Thomas
Publisher : Akashic Books
ISBN 13 : 1617756121
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis We Matter by : Etan Thomas

Download or read book We Matter written by Etan Thomas and published by Akashic Books. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interviews with sports stars, activists, surviving family members, and others fighting racial injustice: “Before Kaepernick, there was Etan Thomas.”—The New York Times A Library Journal Best Book of the Year Professional athletes have long been influential figures in American life. Today, many of them are using their platforms to speak up about injustice and inequality. This book features interviews by former NBA player Etan Thomas with over fifty athletes, executives, media figures, and more—interwoven with essays and critiques by Thomas. Includes personal stories and opinions from: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Russell, Dwyane Wade, Russell Westbrook, Steve Kerr, Oscar Robertson, Mark Cuban, Michael Bennett, Carmelo Anthony, Derrick Rose, Swin Cash, Alonzo Mourning, Chris Webber, Jemele Hill, Anquan Boldin, Jamal Crawford, Juwan Howard, Ray Jackson, Shannon Sharpe, James Blake, John Carlos, Laila Ali, Michael Eric Dyson, Joakim Noah, Eric Reid, Adam Silver, Soledad O'Brien, John Wall, Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, Bradley Beal, Tamika Catchings, Curtis Conway, Harry Edwards, Chris Hayes, Chamique Holdsclaw, Scoop Jackson, Bomani Johnes, Shaun King, Jimmy King, Ted Leonsis, Thabo Sefolosha, Ilyasah Shabazz, Torrey Smith, Kenny Smith, Michael Smith, David West, Michael Wilbon, Jahvaris Fulton (brother of Trayvon Martin), Emerald Snipes (daughter of Eric Garner), Allysza Castile (sister of Philando Castile), Valerie Castile (mother of Philando Castile), and Dr. Tiffany Crutcher (sister of Terence Crutcher) “In We Matter, Thomas strives to show the influence professional athletes can have when they join the conversation on race, politics, and civil rights. Thomas conducted 50 interviews, which included Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Russell, Laila Ali, Michael Bennett, and Eric Reid, among many other athletes, as well as journalists, television personalities, and family members of unarmed black men who were shot and killed. Thomas also explored his ties with the Wizards and spoke with John Wall, Bradley Beal, and current majority team owner Ted Leonsis.”—TheWashington Post “The honest conversations, published in transcript form and often accompanied by black-and-white photos, serve as a primer on recent police violence cases, a history lesson on the first athletes who stood up for racial injustice, an examination of the experience of being young and black in the United States, and an insightful look at how it feels to lose a loved one to tragedy, from contributors such as Jemele Hill, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Carmelo Anthony...An important read, executed uniquely.”—School Library Journal (starred review) “Voices of pain, anger, and hope resound through these pages--and through the reader's heart.”—Kirkus Reviews

Speaking Out

Author : Heather Ann Thompson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Speaking Out by : Heather Ann Thompson

Download or read book Speaking Out written by Heather Ann Thompson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speaking Out : Activism and Protest in the 1960s and 1970sis a collection of readings profiling 21 different activist movements that came of age in the 60s and 70s. Each book chapter is written by recognized scholars who have studied and written about these movements in depth and is followed by primary source documents that they have chosen to provide additional insight into each movement. The chapters not only offer a comprehensive overview of the most important social and political activist groups of these two decades, but they also locate each group's complex origins, strengths, weaknesses, and legacy. As these authors make clear, the activist groups of this period each had their share of successes and each made their share of mistakes and miscalculations. Thus, together, they left a most complicated legacy for future generations.

The Chicago Freedom Movement

Author : Mary Lou Finley
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813166527
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chicago Freedom Movement by : Mary Lou Finley

Download or read book The Chicago Freedom Movement written by Mary Lou Finley and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six months after the Selma to Montgomery marches and just weeks after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a group from Martin Luther King Jr.'s staff arrived in Chicago, eager to apply his nonviolent approach to social change in a northern city. Once there, King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined the locally based Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO) to form the Chicago Freedom Movement. The open housing demonstrations they organized eventually resulted in a controversial agreement with Mayor Richard J. Daley and other city leaders, the fallout of which has historically led some to conclude that the movement was largely ineffective. In this important volume, an eminent team of scholars and activists offer an alternative assessment of the Chicago Freedom Movement's impact on race relations and social justice, both in the city and across the nation. Building upon recent works, the contributors reexamine the movement and illuminate its lasting contributions in order to challenge conventional perceptions that have underestimated its impressive legacy.

Waste

Author : Catherine Coleman Flowers
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1620976099
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Waste by : Catherine Coleman Flowers

Download or read book Waste written by Catherine Coleman Flowers and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MacArthur grant–winning environmental justice activist’s riveting memoir of a life fighting for a cleaner future for America’s most vulnerable A Smithsonian Magazine Top Ten Best Science Book of 2020 Catherine Coleman Flowers, a 2020 MacArthur “genius,” grew up in Lowndes County, Alabama, a place that’s been called “Bloody Lowndes” because of its violent, racist history. Once the epicenter of the voting rights struggle, today it’s Ground Zero for a new movement that is also Flowers’s life’s work—a fight to ensure human dignity through a right most Americans take for granted: basic sanitation. Too many people, especially the rural poor, lack an affordable means of disposing cleanly of the waste from their toilets and, as a consequence, live amid filth. Flowers calls this America’s dirty secret. In this “powerful and moving book” (Booklist), she tells the story of systemic class, racial, and geographic prejudice that foster Third World conditions not just in Alabama, but across America, in Appalachia, Central California, coastal Florida, Alaska, the urban Midwest, and on Native American reservations in the West. In this inspiring story of the evolution of an activist, from country girl to student civil rights organizer to environmental justice champion at Bryan Stevenson’s Equal Justice Initiative, Flowers shows how sanitation is becoming too big a problem to ignore as climate change brings sewage to more backyards—not only those of poor minorities.

Fight City Hall and Win

Author : Connor Murphy
Publisher : Wheatmark, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1627875476
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Fight City Hall and Win by : Connor Murphy

Download or read book Fight City Hall and Win written by Connor Murphy and published by Wheatmark, Inc.. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How often have you seen a development built that no one wanted or needed -- ruining the neighborhood, harming the landscape, and wrecking property values -- despite grumbling and protests by the neighbors, and sometimes without anyone even knowing it was going to happen until it was too late? All across America, bad development is approved because ordinary people don't have the knowledge they need to stand up and fight back. At any time, you can get a public notice telling you a notorious real estate developer has applied for a permit to build nearby. Will you know how to respond? Will you know what steps to take to protect your rights? Fight City Hall and Win gives ordinary folks the insider knowledge they need to protect their neighborhoods. It is filled with humor, irony, and true-to-life bedtime stories that teach readers how to take on the good old boys at city hall -- and win.

Doing Democracy

Author : Bill Moyer
Publisher : New Society Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780865714182
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Doing Democracy by : Bill Moyer

Download or read book Doing Democracy written by Bill Moyer and published by New Society Publishers. This book was released on 2001-08-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An empowering guide to understanding the strategies behind successful social movements.

Voices of the Path: Great Civil Rights Activists

Author : Jose Americo de Paiva Moreira
Publisher : Jose Americo Paiva Moreira
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Voices of the Path: Great Civil Rights Activists by : Jose Americo de Paiva Moreira

Download or read book Voices of the Path: Great Civil Rights Activists written by Jose Americo de Paiva Moreira and published by Jose Americo Paiva Moreira. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Voices of the Path: Great Civil Rights Activists" takes readers on an inspiring journey through the lives of remarkable individuals who have indelibly shaped history. These Black activists have demonstrated the immense power of collective action in the relentless fight for justice and equality. From the iconic figures of Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks to the often overlooked but equally significant leaders like Olaudah Equiano and Sojourner Truth, their struggles and achievements have left an indelible mark on society. Through their impassioned speeches, courageous protests, and selfless sacrifices, they have paved the way for the advancement of racial equality. As we immerse ourselves in this book, we are compelled to reflect upon the persistent inequalities that plague our society. These activists serve as a poignant reminder that the fight for civil rights is an ongoing battle, and it is the responsibility of each generation to actively combat racism and discrimination. The diverse strategies and perspectives employed by these visionary leaders challenge us to critically examine our own roles in the creation of a just and equitable society. Their stories inspire us to become agents of change, drawing strength and inspiration from their unwavering courage. While "Voices of the Path" represents a multitude of voices, it is important to acknowledge the countless other activists whose stories are not captured within these pages due to limitations of space. We honor their invaluable contributions and recognize that history is replete with remarkable individuals who have dedicated their lives to the pursuit of justice and equality. May the stories within this book resonate deeply within us, serving as a constant reminder that true change begins with each and every one of us. Let us celebrate the activists whose stories are presented here and, in doing so, remember and honor all those who have fought tirelessly for civil rights. Together, we can continue the noble struggle for a brighter and more inclusive future.

In the City of Neighborhoods

Author : Arthur O'Donnell
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595337929
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis In the City of Neighborhoods by : Arthur O'Donnell

Download or read book In the City of Neighborhoods written by Arthur O'Donnell and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2004 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It's like being in a small town right in the middle of a big city. People belong to their neighborhood first, and that neighborhood belongs to the city." -- Karen Boyle, Seattle neighborhood activist. Seattle, Washington, has earned a national reputation as a "City of Neighborhoods" and a place where citizens take an active role in finding solutions to the problems of urban life. The efforts of Seattle's neighborhood-based councils and not-for-profit organizations were also seen as part of a national "neighborhood movement" that achieved prominence in the 1960s and 1970s. Originally completed in 1982 as a series of radio programs exploring the history and directions of the neighborhood movement, "In the City of Neighborhoods" was written and produced by award-winning journalist Arthur J. O'Donnell. The series also highlighted economic survival skills for non-profit organizations during an era of budget constraints. In this edition of In the City of Neighborhoods, O'Donnell augments his exploration of neighborhood activism with later articles covering the Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) syndrome. This special section, called "It's My Backyard, Too", provides insights into the arguments and tactics of those who oppose power plants, transmission lines and other energy developments.

Activists and Advocates

Author : Heather Anne MacDougall
Publisher : Dundurn
ISBN 13 : 1550020722
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Activists and Advocates by : Heather Anne MacDougall

Download or read book Activists and Advocates written by Heather Anne MacDougall and published by Dundurn. This book was released on 1990-01-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, Toronto's Health Department has served as a model of evolving municipal public health services in Canada and beyond. From horse manure to hippies and small pox to AIDS, the Department's staff have established and maintained standards of environmental cleanliness and communicable disease control procedures that have made the city a healthy place to live. This centennial history anlyzes the complex interaction of politics, patronage and professional aspirations which determine the success or failure of specific policies and programs. As such, it fills a long neglected gap in our understanding of the development of local health services. Using Toronto's changing circumstances as a backdrop, the book details the evolution of the international public health movement through its various phases culminating in the modern emphasis on health promotion and health advocacy. By so doing, it demonstrates the significant contribution of preventive medicine and public health activities to Canadian life

Front Porch Politics

Author : Michael S. Foley
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0809054825
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Front Porch Politics by : Michael S. Foley

Download or read book Front Porch Politics written by Michael S. Foley and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An on-the-ground history of ordinary Americans who took to the streets when political issues became personal. It is widely believed that Americans of the 1970s and '80s were exhausted by the upheavals of the '60s and eager to retreat to the private realm. When they did take action, it was mainly to express their disillusionment with government by supporting the right. In fact, as Michael Stewart Foley shows, neither of these assumptions is correct. On the community level, the 1970s and '80s saw vibrant new forms of political activity emerge. Tenants challenged landlords, farmers practiced civil disobedience to protect their land, and laid-off workers asserted a right to own their idled factories. Activists fought to defend the traditional family or to expand the rights of women, while entire towns organized to protest the toxic sludge in their basements. In all these arenas, Americans were propelled by their own experiences into the public sphere. Disregarding conventional ideas of "left" and "right," they turned to political action when they perceived an immediate threat to the safety and security of their families, homes, or dreams. Front Porch Politics is a people's history told through on-the-ground experiences. Recalling crusades famous and forgotten, Foley shows how Americans followed their outrage into the streets. Their distinctive style of visceral, local, and highly personal activism remains a vital resource for the renewal of American democracy"--

The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism

Author : Anne Meis Knupfer
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252054849
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism by : Anne Meis Knupfer

Download or read book The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism written by Anne Meis Knupfer and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2023-02-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following on the heels of the Harlem Renaissance, the Chicago Renaissance was a resonant flourishing of African American arts, literature, theater, music, and intellectualism, from 1930 to 1955. Anne Meis Knupfer's The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism demonstrates the complexity of black women's many vital contributions to this unique cultural flowering. The book examines various groups of black female activists, including writers and actresses, social workers, artists, school teachers, and women's club members to document the impact of social class, gender, nativity, educational attainment, and professional affiliations on their activism. Together, these women worked to sponsor black history and literature, to protest overcrowded schools, and to act as a force for improved South Side housing and employment opportunities. Knupfer also reveals the crucial role these women played in founding and sustaining black cultural institutions, such as the first African American art museum in the country; the first African American library in Chicago; and various African American literary journals and newspapers. As a point of contrast, Knupfer also examines the overlooked activism of working-class and poor women in the Ida B. Wells and Altgeld Gardens housing projects.