Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Acid Fracture Conductivity Of The Clearfork Formation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Acid Fracture Conductivity Of The Clearfork Formation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Mirza Shoaib Beg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (292 download)
Download or read book Acid fracture conductivity of the Clearfork Formation written by Mirza Shoaib Beg and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrea Nino Penaloza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (868 download)
Download or read book Experimental Study of Acid Fracture Conductivity of Austin Chalk Formation written by Andrea Nino Penaloza and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid fracture conductivity and the effect of key variables in the etching process during acid fracturing can be assessed at the laboratory scale. This is accomplished by using an experimental apparatus that simulates acid injection fluxes comparable to those in actual acid fracture treatments. After acid etching, fracture conductivity is measured at different closure stresses. This research work presents a systematic study to investigate the effect of temperature, rock-acid contact time and initial condition of the fracture surfaces on acid fracture conductivity in the Austin Chalk formation. While temperature and rock-acid contact are variables normally studied in fracture conductivity tests, the effect of the initial condition of the fracture surface has not been extensively investigated. The experimental results showed that there is no significant difference in acid fracture conductivity at high closure stress using smooth or rough fracture surfaces. In addition, we analyzed the mechanisms of acid etching and resulting conductivity creation in the two types of fracture surfaces studied by using surface profiles. For smooth surfaces, the mechanism of conductivity creation seems connected to uneven etching of the rock and roughness generation. For rough surfaces, acid conductivity is related to smoothing and deepening of the initial features on the sample surface than by creating more roughness. Finally, we compared the experimental results with Nirode-Kruk correlation for acid fracture conductivity. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149578
Author : Wade H. Shafer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461519691
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 38 (thesis year 1993) a total of 13,787 thesis titles from 22 Canadian and 164 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 38 reports theses submitted in 1993, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Author : Jarrod Thomas Underwood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Acid Fracture and Fracture Conductivity Study of Field Rock Samples written by Jarrod Thomas Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid fracturing is a well stimulation strategy designed to increase the productivity of a producing well. The parameters of acid fracturing and the effects of acid interaction on specific rock samples can be studied experimentally. Acid injection data and fracture conductivity measurements obtained in the research presented in this thesis yielded results that qualified and quantified the impact of a specific acid system on rock samples of varying acid solubility. Six rock samples from a carbonate reservoir were labeled A through F to protect proprietary information included in this research. A 2% potassium chloride solution was used for the acid system and fracture conductivity measurements to prevent clay swelling. Injection temperature, contact time, and injection rate were designed to simulate field treatment conditions. The effects of a chelating agent on fracture conductivity were also studied. Before and after images of the rock samples indicated that the effect of 15% hydrochloric acid on the samples was limited but correlated with the rock acid solubility. Samples E and F had a greater value of acid solubility and showed noticeable surface etching. Samples A, B, and C had lower values of acid solubility and did not show signs of surface etching. Sample D was of moderate acid solubility and showed minimal signs of surface etching. Fracture conductivity did not correlate directly with acid solubility, but likely was a function of inherent matrix permeability based on leak-off measurements and fracture conductivity measurements. Finally, the fracture conductivity of Sample D increased after exposure to a chelating agent. Commonly, acid fracture experimental studies are carried out with outcrop rock samples. The samples have more homogenous properties and without hydrocarbon content. In this study, cores from downhole formation were used. The original condition was preserved as much as possible to simulate real field situations. However, using field rock samples does present challenges not generally associated with outcrop rock samples. Based on the information gathered from the work presented in this thesis, conclusions were drawn concerning the effectiveness of a 15% hydrochloric acid treatment in this formation and the challenges of using field rock samples. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151691
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book SPE Production & Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maysam Pournik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)
Download or read book Laboratory-scale Fracture Conductivity Created by Acid Etching written by Maysam Pournik and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success of acid fracturing treatment depends greatly on the created conductivity under closure stress. In order to have sufficient conductivity, the fracture face must be non-uniformly etched while the fracture strength maintained to withstand the closure stress. While there have been several experimental studies conducted on acid fracturing, most of these have not scaled experiments to field conditions and did not account for the effect of rock weakening and etching pattern. Hence, acid fracture conductivity predictions based on the above works have not been able to match actual results. In order to develop a more appropriate and accurate prediction of acid fracturing treatment outcome, a laboratory facility was developed that is properly scaled to field conditions and enables analysis of etching pattern and rock strength. A systematic experimental study that covered a variety of formations, acid types, and acid contact times was conducted. An acid fracture conductivity correlation was developed based on etched volume, etched pattern, and fracture strength under closure stress. Results suggested that there is an optimal time of acid exposure resulting in maximum fracture conductivity. There were large differences in the conductivity created with the different acid systems tested due to different etching patterns and degree of rock strength weakening. There was an optimal acid system depending on formation type, contact time and overburden stress. The acid fracture conductivities measured did not agree with the predictions of the Nierode-Kruk correlation. The newly developed correlation predicts conductivity much closer as it includes the effect of rock strength and surface etching pattern on resulting conductivity.
![Download Proceedings [of The] International Symposium on Formation Damage Control PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/PWFQAQAAIAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Proceedings [of The] International Symposium on Formation Damage Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Maria Georgina Melendez Castillo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Acid Contact Time and Rock Surfaces on Acid Fracture Conductivity written by Maria Georgina Melendez Castillo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conductivity created in acid fracturing is a competition between two phenomena: etching of the rock surface and weakening of the rock. This study presents experimental results of acid fracturing conductivity experiments with polymer gelled acid, while varying contact time and rock type. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory facility properly scaled from field to laboratory conditions to account for the hydrodynamic effects that take place in the field. The rocks of study were Indiana limestone, San Andres dolomite and Texas Cream chalk. Our results illustrate that acid fracturing conductivity is governed by the etching pattern of the rock surface and influenced by the hardness of the rock. If channels are created, the fracture is more likely to retain conductivity after closure. The hardness of the rock is the dominating factor to determine the conductivity response when no channeling is present. Among the rocks tested, Texas Cream chalk had the lowest hardness measurement before and after acidizing and the fracture closed at a much lower stress compared with limestone and dolomite. Dolomite had the highest conductivity under all closure stresses even without a channeling pattern. Additionally, it was observed that a higher reduction in rock strength at the contact points for dolomite yielded lower conductivity after closure. The effects of hardness variation on conductivity are higher in dolomite than in limestone and chalk. It is apparent that longer contact times do not always provide higher conductivity after closure.
Author : Assiya Suleimenova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (941 download)
Download or read book Acid Fracturing Feasibility Study for Heterogeneous Carbonate Formation written by Assiya Suleimenova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid fracturing is a stimulation technique that is commonly used by the industry to increase productivity or injectivity of wells in carbonate reservoirs. To determine a feasibility of acid fracturing treatment for a heterogeneous formation, the effect of rock properties on the created fracture conductivity needs to be investigated experimentally. In this study, the influence of rock lithology, porosity, and permeability on the resultant fracture conductivity was investigated for the Middle Canyon formation. Six carbonate cores collected from different depths of Middle Canyon interval were selected for this study. The cores had the permeability ranging from 0.07 to 28 md and the porosity ranging from 1.7 to 15.4%. The acid etching experimental conditions, such as injection rate, reaction temperature, and acid type, were selected to simulate field treatment conditions. The fracture surface of each sample was scanned before and after the acid treatment to characterize the change in surface profile and to calculate the etched volume of rock. The results of the study indicated that the final conductivity values under the maximum closure stress of 4000 psi were similar to each other (6.4 - 13.5 md-ft) for all the cores, regardless the variation in cores' porosity and permeability. It was also observed that the cores with a lower porosity had a lower decline rate of acid fracture conductivity with increasing closure stress. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that acid fracturing stimulation of the Middle Canyon formation may not be effective to achieve the goals defined by the operator. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155028
Author : Jianye Mou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (686 download)
Download or read book Modeling Acid Transport and Non-uniform Etching in a Stochastic Domain in Acid Fracturing written by Jianye Mou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success of acid fracturing depends on uneven etching along the fracture surfaces caused by heterogeneities such as variations in local mineralogy and variations in leakoff behavior. The heterogeneities tend to create channeling characteristics, which provide lasting conductivity after fracture closure, and occur on a scale that is neither used in laboratory measurements of acid fracture conductivity, which use core samples that are too small to observe such a feature, nor in typical acid fracture simulations in which the grid block size is much larger than the scale of local heterogeneities. Acid fracture conductivity depends on fracture surface etching patterns. Existing acid fracture conductivity correlations are for random asperity distributions and do not consider the contribution of channels to the conductivity. An acid fracture conductivity correlation needs the average fracture width at zero closure stress. Existing correlations calculate average fracture width using dissolved rock equivalent width without considering the effect of reservoir characteristics. The purpose of this work is to develop an intermediate-scale acid fracture model with grid size small enough and the whole dimension big enough to capture local and macro heterogeneity effects and channeling characteristics in acid fracturing. The model predicts pressure field, flow field, acid concentration profiles, and fracture surface profiles as a function of acid contact time. By extensive numerical experiments with the model, we develop correlations of fracture conductivity and average fracture width at zero closure stress as a function of statistical parameters of permeability and mineralogy distributions. With the model, we analyzed the relationships among fracture surface etching patterns, conductivities, and the distributions of permeability and mineralogy. From result analysis, we found that a fracture with channels extending from the inlet to the outlet of the fracture has a high conductivity because fluid flow in deep channels needs a very small pressure drop. Such long and highly conductive channels can be created by acids if the formation has heterogeneities in either permeability or mineralogy, or both, with high correlation length in the direction of the fracture, which is the case in laminated formations.
Author : Michael Berry Smith
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466566922
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing written by Michael Berry Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing effectively busts the myths associated with hydraulic fracturing. It explains how to properly engineer and optimize a hydraulically fractured well by selecting the right materials, evaluating the economic benefits of the project, and ensuring the safety and success of the people, environment, and equipment. From data estimation
Author : Ali Mansour A. Almomen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (874 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Initial Condition of Fracture Surfaces, Acid Spending, and Type on Conductivity of Acid Fracture written by Ali Mansour A. Almomen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture conductivity and the effects of treatment variables can be studied in the laboratory. We conducted experiments based on scaling down the field conditions to laboratory scale by matching Reynold's and Peclet numbers. Experiments conducted were comprised of three stages: dynamic etching, surface characterization of etched cores, and conductivity measurement. The effect of initial condition of fracture surfaces on the etching pattern and conductivity were investigated in this study. Another area of interest is the variation of conductivity along the fracture due to acid spending. We also investigated the contact time, acid system type, and treatment temperature effects on conductivity using San Andres dolomite cores. The results from these studies showed that rough-surface fractures generate higher conductivity by an order of magnitude compared with a smooth-surface fracture at low-closure stress. Also, conductivity generated on rough-surface fractures by smoothing peaks and deepening valleys which widen the gap between the fracture surfaces after closure and acid creates conductivity on smooth-surface fractures by differential etching that creates asperities. The results suggest that an increase in acid spending does not automatically result in lower conductivity; and etched volume alone is not adequate to predicate the conductivity. Conductivity results from a combination of etching pattern, etched volume, and rock compressive strength after etching. In-situ crosslinked acid was found to be more effective in etching rock and controlling acid leakoff compared with linear-gelled acid. Also, crosslinked acid reduces the number of pits and the pit diameters. Based on conductivity tests, linear-gelled acid is more favorable at higher temperatures while in-situ crosslinked acid showed higher conductivity at lower temperatures. For a rough-surface fracture, shorter contact time created high conductivity compared to longer contact while injecting the same volume of acid, suggesting the existence of an optimum contact time. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151186
Author : Cassandra Vonne Beatty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (688 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Small Scale Heterogeneity for Prediction of Acid Fracture Performance written by Cassandra Vonne Beatty and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently developed models of the acid fracturing process have shown that the differential etching necessary to create lasting fracture conductivity is caused by the heterogeneous distributions of permeability and mineralogy along the fracture faces. To predict the conductivity that can be created by acid in a particular formation, the models require information about these formation properties. This research aims to quantify correlation lengths using a geostatistical description of small scale heterogeneity to ascertain the distribution of permeability and mineralogy in a carbonate formation. The correlation length parameters are a first step in being able to couple acid transport and rock dissolution models at reservoir scale with a model of fracture conductivity based on channels and roughness features caused by small scale heterogeneity. Geostatistical parameters of small scale heterogeneity affecting wells in the Hugoton Field are developed. Data leading to their derivation are obtained from a combination of well logs and cores. The permeability of slabbed core is measured to yield vertical correlation length. Well logs are used to estimate permeability via an empirical relationship between core plug permeability and well log data for calculation of horizontal correlation length. A fracture simulator computes the acid etched fracture width for known treatment conditions. The resulting geostatistical parameters and acid etched width are used to predict acid fracture performance for a well in the Hugoton Field. Application of new model conductivity correlations results in a unique prediction for the acid fracture case study that differs from the industry standard. Improvements in low cost stimulation treatments such as acid fracturing are the key to revitalizing production in mature carbonate reservoirs like the Hugoton Field. Planning and development of new wells in any carbonate formation necessarily must consider acid fracturing as a production stimulation technique. Reliable models that accurately predict acid fracture conductivity can be used to make an informed investment decision.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1010 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book SPE Production Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiayao Deng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Mechanical Behavior of Small-scale Channels in Acid-etched Fractures written by Jiayao Deng and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conductivity of acid-etched fractures highly depends on spaces along the fracture created by uneven etching of the fracture walls remaining open after fracture closure. Formation heterogeneities such as variations of mineralogy and permeability result in channels that contribute significantly to the fracture conductivity. Current numerical simulators or empirical correlations do not account for this channeling characteristic because of the scale limitations. The purpose of this study is to develop new correlations for conductivity of acid-etched fracturing at the intermediate scale. The new correlations close the gap between laboratory scale measurements and macro scale acid fracture models. Beginning with acid-etched fracture width profiles and conductivity at zero closure stress obtained by the previous work, I modeled the deformation of the fracture surfaces as closure stress is applied to the fracture. At any cross-section along the fracture, I approximated the fracture shape as being a series of elliptical openings. With the assumption of elastic behavior for the rock, the numerical simulation presents how many elliptical openings remain open and their sizes as a function of the applied stress. The sections of the fracture that are closed are assigned a conductivity because of small-scale roughness features using a correlation obtained from laboratory measurements of acid fracture conductivity as a function of closure stress. The overall conductivity of the fracture is then obtained by numerically modeling the flow through this heterogeneous system. The statistical parameters of permeability distribution and the mineralogy distribution, and Young's modulus are the primary aspects that affect the overall conductivity in acid-etched fracturing. A large number of deep, narrow channels through the entire fracture leads to high conductivity when the rock is strong enough to resist closure stress effectively. Based on extensive numerical experiments, I developed the new correlations in three categories to predict the fracture conductivity after closure. Essentially, they are the exponential functions that incorporate the influential parameters. Combined with the correlations for conductivity at zero closure stress from previous work, the new correlations are applicable to a wide range of situations.
