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Accounting For Leases Under Ifrs And Hgb
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Book Synopsis Accounting for leases under IFRS and HGB by :
Download or read book Accounting for leases under IFRS and HGB written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,3, University of applied sciences Frankfurt a. M., course: International Finance & Accounting, language: English, abstract: The aim of this work is to show the accounting for leases under IFRS, HGB and to clarify the differences. The work devotes one main point to IFRS and one to the HGB. Each part gives an overview of the legal basics. This is followed by a classification of the leases in order to clarify the attribution of the leased object (hereinafter LO), which is relevant for the accounting. Finally, the accounting considered in detail by the lessor (hereinafter LG) or lessee (hereinafter LN). this is followed by a comparison of the approaches according to IFRS and HGB. The result concludes the work. This term paper does not deal with special leasing topics such as sales and leaseback or real estate leasing. The focus here is a simple lease, which arises, for example, when leasing a production plant.
Book Synopsis A comparison of leasing according to the treatment of different accounting principles and diverse treatment in loacal GAAP ́s of major industrial countries by : Andre Horst Grabowski
Download or read book A comparison of leasing according to the treatment of different accounting principles and diverse treatment in loacal GAAP ́s of major industrial countries written by Andre Horst Grabowski and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Leasing is more and more understood as a modern form of financing of various assets, both in the commercial and the private sector. Leases have now become an integral part of economic life. With their multiple creative possibilities and variations, leases are an equitable alternative to buying and renting for companies. The diversity of different forms of leasing, and the fact that there is no uniform lease contract as a reference, results in lease accounting being one of the most difficult areas of accounting under almost all jurisdictions. [1] This diversity leads to an accounting system for leasing business with different possibilities to allocate positions in the P & L and balance sheet. Due to the lack of specific rules, leasing accounting is mostly based on general accounting principles. [2] In Germany, relevant tax decrees have impact on the local accounting. Leases are, in principle, not fixed on legal contract types, and this allows temporary grant of use and utilization of liquidity-friendly financing alternatives in the balance-sheet. Since most major accounting systems presuppose exclusion of pending transactions from the balance sheet, [3] companies used contracts for grant of use, such as lease, deliberately to influence the accounting. For example, sale and leaseback transactions are used to reduce the balance-sheet debt, though the physical property mapping has not changed. [4] The current lease accounting under IFRS 17 of the IASB is to be understood as a reaction to the existing situation in the various accounting systems. The aim of the standard setter was to capture the major part of the grant of use in the balance sheet. All postings, which change the asset allocation similar to an investment, should also be accounted as such. [5] The concept of economic ownership divides any grant of use in leasing into two classes. The finance leases which, simply put, means all long-term and investment-like grants of use, and operating leases, which are any other grants of use. This was still not sufficient for IASB members. Therefore chaired by Warren McGregor, the IASB issued a joint project with the U.S. Federal Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and since 2006, the lease accounting is on the agenda as an active reform project. Basis for reform efforts was the socalled McGregor paper of 1996. [6] [...]
Book Synopsis Advances in International Accounting by : J. Timothy Sale
Download or read book Advances in International Accounting written by J. Timothy Sale and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in International Accounting is a refereed, academic research annual, that is devoted to publishing articles about advancements in the development of accounting and its related disciplines from an international perspective. This serial examines how these developments affect the financial reporting and disclosure practices, taxation, management accounting practices, and auditing of multinational corporations, as well as their effect on the education of professional accountants worldwide. Advances in International Accounting welcomes traditional and alternative approaches, including theoretical research, empirical research, applied research, and cross-cultural studies. Advances in International Accounting is now available online at ScienceDirect - full-text online of volumes 14 onwards.
Book Synopsis Accounting for leases by : Willem Sachse
Download or read book Accounting for leases written by Willem Sachse and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-06-21 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,0, University of Bayreuth, course: A critical analysis of international financial reporting issues, language: English, abstract: The globalisation of capital markets is driving the increasing convergence of accounting standards worldwide. Recently, the progress toward attaining a global financial reporting framework has accelerated, and many significant steps have been taken. The most important step is the formation of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which replaced the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), as part of a comprehensive restructuring of the international accounting standard-setting organisation in March 2001. Since then the acceptance and adoption of International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS), hereafter referred to as IFRS, has been growing rapidly. From 01 January 2005 all publicly traded European companies shall account for their consolidated accounts according to IFRS. In accordance with § 292a German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch,HGB)German parent companies may account for their consolidated accounts only according to international accepted accounting standards, according to prevailing opinion such are IFRS and the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (USGAAP).Due to the Accounting Law Ref-ormation Act (Bilanzrechtsreformgesetz,BilReG)all publicly traded German companies shall account for their group accounts according to IFRS from 01 January 2005 except those that are already applying US GAAP (from 01 January 2007). Furthermore all enterprises may account for their individual accounts according to IFRS in addition to German Commercial Code which still is obligatory for tax, and profit determination and distribution purposes. Due to the commitment of applying IFRS for consolidated accounts international financial reporting issues need to undergo a closer examination. This paper deals with the accounting for leases. First current lease accounting standards are described with a focus on IAS 17 and its key differences to US GAAP and German Commercial Code. Next proposed improvements on current lease accounting standards are dealt with, focussing on new approaches discussed in the accounting and lease literature and a possible treatment of leases with optional features. After this the proposed approaches’ effect on profit determination and distribution is discussed. The final part offers a conclusion to some of the issues raised in this paper.
Book Synopsis Contractual Management by : Ralph Schuhmann
Download or read book Contractual Management written by Ralph Schuhmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concept Contractual Management offers a holistic approach to managerial decision-making based on contracts or business processes that are related to contracts. It explains management from the point of view of the contract, just as it interprets the contract from the point of view of management. Thus, the approach highlights the great inherent potential of contracts for managing companies, transactions and business relationships. The book addresses students as well as practitioners and gives insights into the usage of contracts to manage companies or relationships. It covers contract handling from preliminary deliberations to negotiations, implementation, and all the way to the evaluation of the contract within the company. Furthermore, it provides competencies to design and implement a contract and to organize the relevant processes. The Content In Part 1, the book explains the theoretical foundations of Contractual Management; in Part 2, the application of the approach is illustrated through case studies which cover various sectors, industries, company sizes, contract types, and management situations. Theory part: Contractual Management – A Holistic Approach to a Diverse Issue. Case study part: 11 case studies arranged according to specific contract-related topics: Information and Communication – Change – Enterprise Networks – Conflict – Accounting and Financing – Legal Compliance – Societal Steering. The Editors Professor Dr. Ralph Schuhmann: After holding a senior management position in industry, Ralph Schuhmann now teaches Business Law at Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule in Jena, Germany. He is the scientific director of the Contractual Management Institute at SRH Hochschule Berlin and has published various articles on contract law and contract management. Professor Dr. Bert Eichhorn: Before his appointment as professor for International Law and Business Law at SRH Hochschule Berlin, Bert Eichhorn worked as a legal consultant at the EU Parliament and as a lawyer. He has published numerous articles in national and international scientific journals in the area of contract management and international law. He is the managing director of the Contractual Management Institute at SRH Hochschule Berlin.
Book Synopsis Basics of Accounting by : Carsten Berkau
Download or read book Basics of Accounting written by Carsten Berkau and published by UVK Verlag. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook introduces you to international bookkeeping and accounting. It is designed as self study materials and covers the syllabus of an introductory class in accounting. After studying the Basics, you are well prepared to keep bookkeeping records and prepare financial statements like the balance sheet, the income statement, the cash flow statement and the statement of changes in equity. All chapters outline the learning objectives, provide an overview, include case studies and how-it-is-done-paragraphs. They end with a summary, the explanation of new technical terms and a question bank with solutions for checking your learning progress. On the internet, you can find more than 350 exam tasks including solutions as well as youtube-videos from the author. The textbook prepares you to study accounting and assists you with the transition from German bookkeeping to international accounting when qualifying for IFRSs.
Book Synopsis Accounting for leases. Analysis of the IAS 17 and its impact by :
Download or read book Accounting for leases. Analysis of the IAS 17 and its impact written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 2,7, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: Leasing is nowadays an established part of the economy as an investment alternative. These figures are promising for the German market, but also comparable with the US. There the share of the investment market accounted for by leasing remained at over 30 percent for years. Due to the financial crisis this rate decreased, but it's rising again. In spite of the crisis leasing expanded its top position as an alternative to the classic bank loans over the past 50 years. Recognized as key engine of innovations, it even assures sufficient financial cushion for investments and contributes to growth dynamics in economies. But what exactly is leasing? There is no generally applicable definition of leases, but in its simplest form, it can be described as provision of access to finance. Leasing object can be anything as classical as machines or real estates, but also intangible assets as software or trademark rights. Leases are an important instrument of accounting policies for entities. In many sectors appropriate equipment is not bought, but leased. Therefore and because of the globalization of capital markets an increasing convergence of accounting standards worldwide is accelerated. The progress toward attaining a global financial reporting framework is focused, and many significant steps have been taken. One of them is the Exposure Draft ED/2013/6. The ambition of it was to guarantee transparency of financial statements as source of information for their readers of financial statements who can be managers, investors, financial auditors but also a big range of stakeholders. Reasons for revising was that the lease accounting model has continually met with criticism. Objective of the following term paper is to provide an overview of the current lease accounting standard.
Book Synopsis Lease Accounting with SAP by : Hanno Hofmann
Download or read book Lease Accounting with SAP written by Hanno Hofmann and published by SAP PRESS. This book was released on 2018 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kennzahlen IFRS-Abschluss by : Inge Wulf
Download or read book Kennzahlen IFRS-Abschluss written by Inge Wulf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IFRS-Kennzahlen im praktischen Pocketformat in Deutsch und Englisch. Das Business Fachbuch "Kennzahlen IFRS-Abschluss" beinhaltet, jeweils in Deutsch und Englisch, zu jeder IFRS-Kennzahl: - die Formel - Erläuterung der Aussagekraft der Kennzahl - Vor- und Nachteile der Anwendung der Kennzahl - Rechenbeispiele - Zusammenhang zu anderen Kennzahlen - Bedeutungsvergleich HGB/IFRSInklusive Stichwortverzeichnis mit allen IFRS-Kennzahlen in Deutsch und Englisch.
Book Synopsis Globalisation and Contextual Factors in Accounting by : Eva Heidhues
Download or read book Globalisation and Contextual Factors in Accounting written by Eva Heidhues and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph critically examines convergence of financial reporting in Germany by taking into account the influence of political, social and economic factors on accounting. This study makes an original and significant contribution by examining issues and biases in the convergence process that may challenge the assumption of superiority,
Book Synopsis The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law by : Petri Mäntysaari
Download or read book The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law written by Petri Mäntysaari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume book constitutes the first attempt to define corporate finance law as an independent field of law with its own principles and tools. The book also contains a unique theory of corporate governance with the firm as the most important principal.
Book Synopsis Comparative International Accounting, 14th Edition by : Christopher Nobes
Download or read book Comparative International Accounting, 14th Edition written by Christopher Nobes and published by Pearson UK. This book was released on 2020 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its 14th edition, Nobes and Parker's Comparative International Accounting is a comprehensive and coherent text on international financial reporting. It is primarily designed for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in comparative and international aspects of financial reporting. The book explores the conceptual and contextual found.
Book Synopsis Financial Statements by : Carsten Berkau
Download or read book Financial Statements written by Carsten Berkau and published by UVK Verlag. This book was released on 2024-10-14 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial Statements follows the international IFRS accounting syllabus as taught at Osnabrück University UAS and developed with its international partner universities. It covers the preparation, disclosure and analysis of financial statements on a bachelor's and master's level. It contains more than sixty case studies with detailed calculations, journal entries, T-accounts, and financial statements. The content is based on knowledge about international bookkeeping and follows the balance sheet items starting from non-current assets on the debit side and ending with income tax liabilities on the credit side. It covers a full set of financial statements in compliance with IAS 1.10 including the notes and ESG reporting. Readers can download numerous explanation files, exam tasks with solutions, links to youtube clips produced by the author and spreadsheet files that support the accounting work in academia.
Book Synopsis Introduction of IAS / IFRS by the BMW AG in 2000 by : Johannes-Cornelius Adari
Download or read book Introduction of IAS / IFRS by the BMW AG in 2000 written by Johannes-Cornelius Adari and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-08-11 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: This case study deals with an important financial aspect of multinational companies, i.e. their obligation of accounting. Until the year 2000, BMW used to prepare its annual external audits under German Commercial Code Standards (HGB). This tradition ended in 2000, when BMW accounted under International Accounting Standards (IAS) for the first time. 7 years before, Mercedes-Benz was the first German automotive manufacturer adopting international Standards in 1993. But in Mercedes case US-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US-GAAP) were chosen, because the objective was to become listed at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). At this time US-GAAP were not accepted outside the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), esp. not by the EU Commission, but the US-Principles were applied in the largest and most important stock market worldwide. On the other hand, US organizations like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) did not accept any other accounting standards in these days. Accordingly, Mercedes-Benz had to prepare two annual audits: one under US-GAAP and the other under HGB. This treatment, obviously, was highly inefficient, providing lots of encumbrances to US-capital-seeking European companies: accounting and auditing took too much time, personnel resources and money. Another negative effect was that many US companies hesitated with urgently required investments in Europe. But nevertheless, multinational groups seemed to have several advantages by using international accounting standards, even if they had to prepare more than one audit annually. Within the 1st part, this case study provides basic information dealing with accounting standards, in particular reasons and objectives, organizational patterns and the process of IAS becoming international accepted by pointing out their most important differences compared to US-GAAP and German HGB Standards. The 2nd part deals with the reasons of changing BMW s accounting standards by looking at the Group s key markets and the impact of IAS-adoption by examining their figures of non current assets, inventories, other current assets, liabilities & deferred incomes, provisions, equity as well as research & development within a four years comparison. At last the 3rd part gives an examination and summary of the results of IAS-reception for BMW, the effects on the stock market, changes of rating on the global market and gives hints to future [...]
Book Synopsis Germany: Starting Business, Incorporating in Germany Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations by : IBP, Inc.
Download or read book Germany: Starting Business, Incorporating in Germany Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s wintertime at Greenglass House. The creaky smuggler’s inn is always quiet during this season, and twelve-year-old Milo, the innkeepers’ adopted son, plans to spend his holidays relaxing. But on the first icy night of vacation, out of nowhere, the guest bell rings. Then rings again. And again. Soon Milo’s home is bursting with odd, secretive guests, each one bearing a strange story that is somehow connected to the rambling old house. As objects go missing and tempers flare, Milo and Meddy, the cook’s daughter, must decipher clues and untangle the web of deepening mysteries to discover the truth about Greenglass House—and themselves.
Book Synopsis Germany Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic, Practical Information and Opportunities by : IBP, Inc
Download or read book Germany Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic, Practical Information and Opportunities written by IBP, Inc and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germany Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook
Book Synopsis Comparative Company Law by : Andreas Cahn
Download or read book Comparative Company Law written by Andreas Cahn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 1095 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents in-depth, comparative analyses of German, UK and US company laws illustrated by leading cases, with German cases in English translation.
