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Author : Jean Concetto Ragusa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (372 download)
Download or read book Accelerator Driven Production of Tritium written by Jean Concetto Ragusa and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Benefits Resulting from Accelerator Production of Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the early and most dramatic uses of nuclear transformations was in development of the nuclear weapons that brought World War II to an end. Despite that difficult introduction, nuclear weapons technology has been used largely as a deterrent to war throughout the latter half of the twentieth century. The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) offers a clean, safe, and reliable means of producing the tritium (a heavy form of hydrogen) needed to maintain the nuclear deterrent. Tritium decays away naturally at a rate of about 5.5% per year; therefore, the tritium reservoirs in nuclear weapons must be periodically replenished. In recent years this has been accomplished by recycling tritium from weapons being retired from the stockpile. Although this strategy has served well since the last US tritium production reactor was shut down in 1988, a new tritium production capability will be required within ten years. Some benefits will result from direct utilization of some of the APT proton beam; others could result from advances in the technologies of particle accelerators and high power spallation targets. The APT may save thousands of lives through the production of medical isotopes, and it may contribute to solving the nation's problem in disposing of long-lived nuclear wastes. But the most significant benefit may come from advancing the technology, so that the great potential of accelerator applications can be realized during our lifetimes.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Medical Isotope Production With The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) Facility written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet US tritium needs to maintain the nuclear weapons deterrent, the Department of Energy (DOE) is pursuing a dual track program to provide a new tritium source. A record of decision is planned for late in 1998 to select either the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) or the Commercial Light Water Reactor (CLWR) as the technology for new tritium production in the next century. To support this decision, an APT Project was undertaken to develop an accelerator design capable of producing 3 kg of tritium per year by 2007 (START I requirements). The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was selected to lead this effort with Burns and Roe Enterprises, Inc. (BREI) / General Atomics (GA) as the prime contractor for design, construction, and commissioning of the facility. If chosen in the downselect, the facility will be built at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and operated by the SRS Maintenance and Operations (M & O) contractor, the Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC), with long-term technology support from LANL. These three organizations (LANL, BREI/GA, and WSRC) are working together under the direction of the APT National Project Office which reports directly to the DOE Office of Accelerator Production which has program authority and responsibility for the APT Project.
Author : 375 Wikipedians
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781480212077
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (12 download)
Download or read book VJing written by 375 Wikipedians and published by . This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a faithful reproduction of the Wikipedia article "VJing", based upon the revision of July 25th 2010, last edited by 77.12.27.96. This book was produced as a physical outcome of the "wiki-sprint", a collaborative writing workshop that was held in May 2010 in the frame of Mapping Festival, Geneva.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Accelerator Production of Tritium Plant Design and Supporting Engineering Development and Demonstration Work written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen with a half life of 12.3 years. Because it is essential for US thermonuclear weapons to function, tritium must be periodically replenished. Since K reactor at Savannah River Site stopped operating in 1988, tritium has been recycled from dismantled nuclear weapons. This process is possible only as long as many weapons are being retired. Maintaining the stockpile at the level called for in the present Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START-I) will require the Department of Energy to have an operational tritium production capability in the 2005--2007 time frame. To make the required amount of tritium using an accelerator based system (APT), neutrons will be produced through high energy proton reactions with tungsten and lead. Those neutrons will be moderated and captured in 3He to make tritium. The APT plant design will use a 1,700 MeV linear accelerator operated at 100 mA. In preparation for engineering design, starting in October 1997 and subsequent construction, a program of engineering development and demonstration is underway. That work includes assembly and testing of the first 20 MeV of the low energy plant linac at 100 mA, high-energy linac accelerating structure prototyping, radiofrequency power system improvements, neutronic efficiency measurements, and materials qualifications.
Author : United States Accounting Office (GAO)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781720420590
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Consideration of Accelerator Production of Tritium Requires R&d written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-28 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Science: Consideration of Accelerator Production of Tritium Requires R&D
Download or read book Tritium Production Potential of Beam Research and Magnetic Fusion Program Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regular replenishment of tritium in the nuclear weapons stockpile is essential to maintain our nuclear deterrent. Nuclear reactor facilities presently used for the production of tritium are aging, and their operation is being curtailed awaiting the repairs and upgrades needed to meet modern standards of safety and environment. To provide improved capability in the future, DOE plans to construct a new production reactor. Alternatives to nuclear reactor methods for the production of tritium, mainly electrically-driven accelerator or fusion systems, have been proposed many times in the past. Given the critical national security implications of maintaining adequate tritium production facilities, it is clearly worthwhile for political decision-makers to have a clear and accurate picture of the technical options that could be made available at various points in the future. The goal of this white paper is to summarize available technical information on a set of non-nuclear-reactor options for tritium production with a minimum of advocacy for any one system of implicit assumptions about politically desirable attributes. Indeed, these various options differ considerably in aspects such as the maturity of the technology, the development cost and timescales required, and the capital and operating costs of a typical ''optimized'' facility.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science: Accelerator Technology for Tritium Production Needs Further Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium is a radioactive material used in nuclear weapons that, because of its relatively rapid rate of decay, has to be periodically replenished to maintain the effectiveness of the weapons. DOE is responsible for producing tritium and historically has done so using nuclear reactors. However, the reactors used in the past have experienced aging and safety problems and have been shut down since 1988 for repairs. Because of future uncertainties in the use of these reactors, ERAB, at the request of DOE, in 1988 assessed various reactor technologies for tritium production. As a result, DOE began to pursue a program to design and construct two new tritium production reactors. However, in February 1991 the Secretary of Energy stated that only one reactor would initially be constructed because of budget constraints. DOE plans to announce the selection of the reactor technology and the location in December 1991. jg.
Author : United States Accounting Office (GAO)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781718969575
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (695 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Science: Accelerator Technology for Tritium Production Needs Further Study
Download or read book Nuclear Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Didier Millot (imprimeur-libraire.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (761 download)
Download or read book Discours de la charge donnée par Monsieur de Mandelot, sur les trouppes de Monsieur de Chastillon written by Didier Millot (imprimeur-libraire.) and published by . This book was released on 1587 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (67 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : T.P. Wangler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Linear Accelerator for Production of Tritium: Physics Design Challenges written by T.P. Wangler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : T. P. Wangler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Linear Accelerator for Production of Tritium: Physics Design Challenges written by T. P. Wangler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1989, a collaboration between Los Alamos National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory conducted a study to establish a reference design of a facility for accelerator production of tritium (APT). The APT concept is that of a neutron-spallation source, which is based on the use of high-energy protons to bombard lead nuclei, resulting in the production of large quantities of neutrons. Neutrons from the lead are captured by lithium to produce tritium. This paper describes the design of a 1.6-GeV, 250-mA proton cw linear accelerator for APT.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book High Power Linear Accelerators for Tritium Production and Transmutation of Nuclear Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton linacs driving high-flux spallation neutron sources are being considered for transmutation of nuclear waste and production of tritium. Advances in high-current linac technology have provided a basis for the development of credible designs for the required accelerator, which has a nominal 1.6-GeV energy, and a 250-mA cw current. A beam with these parameters incident on a liquid lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi) target can generate a thermal neutron flux of up to 5 × 1016 n/cm2-s in a cylindrical blanket surrounding the spallation source. This high flux can produce tritium through the 6Li(n, [alpha])T or 3He(n, [gamma])T reactions, or can burn long-lived actinides and fission products from nuclear waste through capture and fission processes. In some system scenarios, waste actinides and/or other fissile materials in the blanket can produce sufficient fission energy to power the accelerator.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Accelerator Production of Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is continuing interest in Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) because, the lack of uranium, plutonium, and fission product inventory; the low residual radioactivity and heat; the low operating temperature and pressure; and the ease of rapid shutdown suggest that an APT system is an attractive option in terms of safety, environmental impact, and public acceptance. The goal quantity of tritium production has been reduced to between three-eights and one-half that set previously; the date set for initiation of new tritium production has been delayed by five years from 2000 AD to 2005 AD; and, since February 1990, there have been advances in understanding the technology of both the accelerator and the target components of an APT system.
