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Author : Cris W. Barnes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Absolute Calibration of TFTR Neutron Detectors for D-T Plasma Operation written by Cris W. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cris W. Barnes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Absolute Calibration of TFTR Neutron Detectors for D-T Plasma Operation written by Cris W. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book In-situ Calibration of TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report results of the TFTR fission detector calibration performed in December 1988. A NBS-traceable, remotely controlled 252Cf neutron source was moved toroidally through the TFTR vacuum vessel. Detection efficiencies for two 235U detectors were measured for 930 locations of the neutron point source in toroidal scans at 16 different major radii and vertical heights. These scans effectively simulated the volume-distributed plasma neutron source, and the volume-integrated detection efficiency was found to be insensitive to plasma position. The Campbell mode is useful due to its large overlap with the count rate mode and large dynamic range. The resulting absolute plasma neutron source calibration has an uncertainty of {plus minus} 13%. 21 refs., 23 figs., 4 tabs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Cross-calibration of Neutron Detectors for Deuterium-tritium Operation in TFTR. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the initial deuterium-tritium experiments on TFTR, neutron emission was measured with 235U and 238U fission chambers, silicon surface barrier diodes, spatially collimated 4He proportional counters and ZnS scintillators, and a variety of elemental activation foils. The activation foils, 4He counters and silicon diodes can discriminate between 14 MeV and 2.5 MeV neutrons. The other detectors respond to both DD and DT neutrons but are more sensitive to the latter. The proportional counters, scintillators, and some of the fission chambers were calibrated absolutely, using a 14-MeV neutron generator positioned at numerous locations inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. Although the directly calibrated systems were saturated during the highest power deuterium-tritium operation, they allowed cross-calibration of less sensitive fission chambers and silicon diodes. The estimated absolute accuracy of the uncertainty-weighted mean of these cross-calibrations, combined with an independent calibration derived from activation foil determinations of total neutron yield, is ±7%.
Author : L. C. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Cross-calibration of Neutron Detectors for Deuterium-tritium Operation in TFTR. written by L. C. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter E. Stott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306458354
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (583 download)
Download or read book Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors 2 written by Peter E. Stott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-04-30 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the workshop on "Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors" held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy) September 4-12, 1997. This workshop was the seventh organized by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola" on the topic of plasma diagnostics and the second devoted to the diagnostic studies for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The proceedings of the first workshop on ITER diagnostics were published by Plenum Press in 1996 with the title "Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors". While many of the ideas and studies reported in the first workshop remain valid, there has been sub stantial progress in the design and specification of many diagnostics for ITER. This moti vated a second workshop on this topic and the publication of a new book of proceedings. ITER is a joint venture between Europe, Japan, Russia and USA in the field of con trolled thermonuclear fusion research. The present aim of ITER is to design an experimental fusion reactor that can demonstrate ignition and sustained burn in a magnetically confined plasma. To achieve this goal, a wide range of plasma parameters will have to be measured reliably. It is also anticipated that diagnostics will be used much more extensively as input to control systems on ITER than on present fusion devices and this will require increased relia bility and long-term stability.
Author : S. von Goeler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Calibration Issues of the TFTR Multichannel Neutron Collimator written by S. von Goeler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (818 download)
Download or read book In-situ Calibration of Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter E. Stott
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors written by Peter E. Stott and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-03-31 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the Workshop on Diagnostics for ITER, held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy), from August 28 to September 1, 1995. The Workshop was organised by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola. " Established in 1971, the ISPP has organised over fifty advanced courses and workshops on topics mainly related to plasma physics. In particular, courses and workshops on plasma diagnostics (previously held in 1975, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1991) can be considered milestones in the history of this institution. Looking back at the proceedings of the previous meetings in Varenna, one can appreciate the rapid progress in the field of plasma diagnostics over the past 20 years. The 1995 workshop was co-organised by the Istituto di Fisica del Plasma of the National Research Council (CNR). In contrast to previous Varenna meetings on diagnostics, which have covered diagnostics in present-day tokamaks and which have had a substantial tutorial component, the 1995 workshop concentrated specifically on the problems and challenges of ITER diagnostics. ITER (the International Thennonuclear Experimental Reactor, a joint venture of Europe, Japan, Russia, and the United States, presently under design) will need to measure a wide range of plasma parameters in order to reach and sustain high levels of fusion power. A list of the measurement requirements together with the parameter ranges, target measurement resolutions, and accuracies provides the starting point for selecting a list of candidate diagnostic systems.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Numerical Simulations of In-situ Neutron Detector Calibration Experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate determinations of fusion neutron yields on the TFTR require that the neutron detectors be absolutely calibrated in-situ, using neutron sources of known strengths. For such calibrations, numerical simulations of neutron transport can be powerful tools in the design of experiments and the study of measurement results. On the TFTR, numerical calibration experiments' have been frequently used to complement actual detector calibrations. We present calculational approaches and transport models used in these numerical simulations, and summarize the results from simulating the calibration of 235U fission detectors carried out in December 1988. 12 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs.
Author : Jacquelynne Vaughan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book A Preliminary Calibration of Radial Neutron Time-Of-Flight Detectors on a Dense Plasma Focus written by Jacquelynne Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors are commonly used for fast neutron detection on nuclear fusion plasma experiments in high energy density physics. The 4.6-kJ dense plasma focus (DPF) at UC San Diego can generate neutron yields of up to ~108. Two nTOF detectors radially situated at 1.3 m from the DPF are each composed of an EJ-204 plastic scintillator and an Hamamatsu R7724 photomultiplier tube. Several hundred experimental shots have been taken over the course of four different anode types. Of those, 203 shots with neutron data were selected to calibrate both nTOF detectors. A Be-activation detector generates absolute neutron yield data and has a lower detection limit of 1.1·106 neutrons. The latter is used to calibrate the signal areas in the nTOF data, and directly correlate those signal areas with the number of neutrons incident on the detector at its radius from the DPF. This preliminary analysis finds that the two nTOF detectors have approximate efficiencies of 8100 and 1700 photons per DD neutron, respectively. Further analysis can improve the correlation as well as investigate the cross-calibration between the two nTOF detectors more thoroughly.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through semi-independent absolute calibrations of multiply redundant neutron detector systems, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFIR) has achieved "7% (one-sigma) accuracy in its fusion power measurements. This has required careful attention to the linearity of detectors up to the present highest fusion power levels achieved on TFTR of over 10 MW. The extended duration of the DT program on TFTR has also tested the stability of the detector systems. These issues of calibration, linearity, and stability are reviewed for the TFTR experience and how it can be applied to plans for ITER.
Author : J. D. Strachan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Absolute Calibration of TFTR Helium Proportional Counters written by J. D. Strachan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Absolute Calibration of Neutron Detectors in the 10-30 MeV Range written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculation of the Absolute Detection Efficiency of a Moderated 235U Neutron Detector on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron transport simulations have been carried out to calculate the absolute detection efficiency of a moderated 235U neutron detector which is used on the TFTR as a part of the primary fission detector diagnostic system for measuring fusion power yields. Transport simulations provide a means by which the effects of variations in various shielding and geometrical parameters can be explored. These effects are difficult to study in calibration experiments. The calculational model, benchmarked against measurements, can be used to complement future detector calibrations, when the high level of radioactivity resulting from machine operation may severely restrict access to the tokamak. We present a coupled forward-adjoint algorithm, employing both the deterministic and Monte Carlo sampling methods, to model the neutron transport in the complex tokamak and detector geometries. Sensitivities of the detector response to the major and minor radii, and angular anisotropy of the neutron emission are discussed. A semi-empirical model based on matching the calculational results with a small set of experiments produces good agreement (+-15%) for a wide range of source energies and geometries. 20 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Performance of a 14-MeV Neutron Generator as an in Situ Calibration Source for TFTR. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TFTR will soon enter its D-T phase with the introduction of tritium. This will result in the production of neutrons having 14-MeV energy which is significantly greater than the 2.5-MeV neutrons encountered during D-D operation. In preparation for the D-T phase, a calibration of the four neutron detection systems was performed using a 14-MeV neutron generator producing 108 n/sec. To account for the spatial extent of the toroidally shaped plasma and for neutrons scattered from surrounding structures, detector responses were determined with the source positioned at many locations inside the vacuum vessel. Before the generator could be used as a calibration source, a characterization of its total yield and angular emission properties was obtained. The total yield was determined by aluminum activation methods to within "6%, while the angular emission was found to be anisotropic in the forward and reverse cones along the generator axis. After the characterization was performed, the generator was mounted on a moveable track inside the vacuum vessel, where it could be remotely moved across the view of each detector. This paper presents details of the methods and results of the source characterization, together with initial results of the in-vessel D-T neutron calibration.
