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Abrupt Climate Changes And Extreme Events In Two Different Varved Lake Sediment Records
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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Changes and Extreme Events in Two Different Varved Lake Sediment Records by : Daniela Müller
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Changes and Extreme Events in Two Different Varved Lake Sediment Records written by Daniela Müller and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different lake systems might reflect different climate elements of climate changes, while the responses of lake systems are also divers, and are not completely understood so far. Therefore, a comparison of lakes in different climate zones, during the high-amplitude and abrupt climate fluctuations of the Last Glacial to Holocene transition provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate distinct natural lake system responses to different abrupt climate changes. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to reconstruct climatic and environmental fluctuations down to (sub-) annual resolution from two different lake systems during the Last Glacial-Interglacial transition (~17 and 11 ka). Lake Gościąż, situated in the temperate central Poland, developed in the Allerød after recession of the Last Glacial ice sheets. The Dead Sea is located in the Levant (eastern Mediterranean) within a steep gradient from sub-humid to hyper-arid climate, and formed in the mid-Miocene. Despite their differences in sedimentation processes, both lakes form annual ...
Book Synopsis Rapid Environmental Fluctuations and Their Relation to Climate Variability by : Hans-Joachim Brauer
Download or read book Rapid Environmental Fluctuations and Their Relation to Climate Variability written by Hans-Joachim Brauer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Book Synopsis Lateglacial to Holocene Climatic and Environmental Changes in Europe by : Stefan Lauterbach
Download or read book Lateglacial to Holocene Climatic and Environmental Changes in Europe written by Stefan Lauterbach and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment records of three European lakes were investigated in order to reconstruct the regional climate development during the Lateglacial and Holocene, to investigate the response of local ecosystems to climatic fluctuations and human impact and to relate regional peculiarities of past climate development to climatic changes on a larger spatial scale. The Lake Hańcza (NE Poland) sediment record was studied with a focus on reconstructing the early Holocene climate development and identifying possible differences to Western Europe. Following the initial Holocene climatic improvement, a further climatic improvement occurred between 10 000 and 9000 cal. a BP. Apparently, relatively cold and dry climate conditions persisted in NE Poland during the first ca. 1500 years of the Holocene, most likely due to a specific regional atmospheric circulation pattern. Prevailing anticyclonic circulation linked to a high-pressure cell above the remaining Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) might have blocked the eastward propagation of warm and moist Westerlies and thus attenuated the early Holocene climatic amelioration in this region until the final decay of the SIS, a pattern different from climate development in Western Europe. The Lateglacial sediment record of Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) was investigated in order to study the regional climate development and the environmental response to rapid climatic fluctuations. While the temperature rise and environmental response at the onset of the Holocene took place quasi-synchronously, major leads and lags in proxy responses characterize the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial. In particular, the spread of coniferous woodlands and the reduction of detrital flux lagged the initial Lateglacial warming by ca. 500-750 years. Major cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas took place synchronously with a change in vegetation, while the increase of detrital matter flux was delayed by about 150-300 years. Complex proxy responses are also detected for short-term Lateglacial climatic fluctuations. In summary, periods of abrupt climatic changes are characterized by complex and temporally variable proxy responses, mainly controlled by ecosystem inertia and the environmental preconditions. A second study on the Lake Mondsee sediment record focused on two small-scale climate deteriorations around 8200 and 9100 cal. a BP, which have been triggered by freshwater discharges to the North Atlantic, causing a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Combining microscopic varve counting and AMS 14C dating yielded a precise duration estimate (ca. 150 years) and absolute dating of the 8.2 ka cold event, both being in good agreement with results from other palaeoclimate records. Moreover, a sudden temperature overshoot after the 8.2 ka cold event was identified, also seen in other proxy records around the North Atlantic. This was most likely caused by enhanced resumption of the MOC, which also initiated substantial shifts of oceanic and atmospheric front systems. Although there is also evidence from other proxy records for pronounced recovery of the MOC and atmospheric circulation changes after the 9.1 ka cold event, no temperature overshoot is seen in the Lake Mondsee record, indicating the complex behaviour of the global climate system. The Holocene sediment record of Lake Iseo (northern Italy) was studied to shed light on regional earthquake activity and the influence of climate variability and anthropogenic impact on catchment erosion and detrital flux into the lake. Frequent small-scale detrital layers within the sediments reflect allochthonous sediment supply by extreme surface runoff events. During the early to mid-Holocene, increased detrital flux coincides with periods of cold and wet climate conditions, thus apparently being mainly controlled by climate variability. In contrast, intervals of high detrital flux during the late Holocene partly also correlate with phases of increased human impact, reflecting the complex influences on catchment erosion processes. Five large-scale event layers within the sediments, which are composed of mass-wasting deposits and turbidites, are supposed to have been triggered by strong local earthquakes. While the uppermost of these event layers is assigned to a documented adjacent earthquake in AD 1222, the four other layers are supposed to be related to previously undocumented prehistorical earthquakes.
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Biology by : Lee Hannah
Download or read book Climate Change Biology written by Lee Hannah and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change Biology is a new textbook which examines this emerging discipline of human-induced climate change and the resulting shifts in the distributions of species and the timing of biological events. The text focuses on understanding the impacts of human-induced climate change, but draws on multiple lines of evidence, including paleoecology, modelling and current observation. Climate Change Biology lays out the scope and depth of understanding of this new discipline in terms that are accessible to students, managers and professional biologists. The only advanced student text on the biological aspects of climate change Examines recent and deep past climate change effects to better understand the impacts of recent human-induced changes Discusses the conservation and other ecological implications of climate change in detail Presents recipes for coping with accelerating climate change in the future Includes extensive illustrations with maps diagrams and color photographs
Book Synopsis A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic History of Extreme Events on the Laminated Sediment Record from Basin Pond, Fayette, Maine, U.S.A.. by : Daniel R. Miller
Download or read book A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic History of Extreme Events on the Laminated Sediment Record from Basin Pond, Fayette, Maine, U.S.A.. written by Daniel R. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future impacts from climate change can be better understood by placing modern climate trends into perspective through extension of the short instrumental records of climate variability. This is especially true for extreme climatic events, such as extreme precipitation and wildfires, as the period of instrumental records provides only a few examples and these have likely have been influenced by anthropogenic warming. Multi-parameter records showing the past range of climate variability can be obtained from lakes. Lakes are particularly good recorders of climate variability because sediment from the surrounding environment accumulates in lakes, making them sensitive recorders of climate variability and providing high-resolution histories of local environmental conditions in the past. In some cases, such as at Basin Pond, sediment is persevered efficiently enough to produce distinguishable annual laminations (varves) in the sedimentary record. The varved record at Basin Pond was used to construct an accurate, highly-resolved age-to-depth model over the past 300 years. Using a multi-proxy analysis, including organic biomarker analysis of molecular compounds and sedimentological features preserved in the sediment record, a history of environmental and climatic change at Basin Pond was constructed. These analyses were compared with the record of known extreme events (from instrumental measurements and historical documents), including 129 years of high-resolution precipitation and temperature meteorological data, 19 tropical systems over the past 145 years, and two known wildfire events over the past 200 years. Long-term trends in precipitation, including the increase in precipitation seen throughout the last half of the 20th century and the drought of the 1940's, were captured in the analysis of long-chain n-alkane distributions and through varve thickness measurements obtained through X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. Furthermore, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of organic compounds that can be used to trace combustion activity, were found in abundance in the Basin Pond sedimentary record. Peaks in the abundances of two PAHs (retene and chrysene) and the ratio retene/(retene + chrysene) were found to be highly correlated with the known wildfire events occurring in the historical period, giving promise as using these compounds and ratio as a robust proxy for regional wildfire events in the northeastern U.S.
Book Synopsis Laminated Lake Sediments and their Impact on Paleoclimatology by : Eric Petermann
Download or read book Laminated Lake Sediments and their Impact on Paleoclimatology written by Eric Petermann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-01-18 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1,0, University of Canterbury (Department of Geology), course: Paleoecology and Paleolimnology, language: English, abstract: Zolitschka (1998) defined varves as laminated sediments occurring in stationary water bodies. Their striking feature is a seasonal, rhythmical build-up of thin, horizontal layers with a changing composition. Since the early 20th century, this type of sediment has been used for establishing exact geochronologies. In the course of the climate change debate, and the subsequent demand for high-resolution paleoclimatic data, they have come back into the focus of earth scientists. A crucial advantage of varved sediments is that they provide two different kinds of information on a sediment profile: an absolute chronology and high-resolution paleoclimatic information. Combining these two attributes offers an absolute dated time series of paleoclimatic proxy-data. Furthermore, additional analyses of the same profile can be dated. Varved sediments can be found in recent lakes as well as in paleolakes. However, their occurrence is limited to only a few sites as a consequence of the special circumstances necessary for their generation. Varved sediments in recent lakes are especially found in lakes, which are small and deep. These preconditions are often met by maars, where a lot of investigations are done (Brauer et al. 1999a, 1999b; Litt et al. 2001). Additionally, varved sediments are even found in ancient proglacial lakes (Moscariello et al. 2000) to give an example.
Book Synopsis Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm by : Gerold Wefer
Download or read book Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm written by Gerold Wefer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global environment is changing rapidly under the impact of human activities, and an important element of this change is related to global c1imate modification. Can the study of c1imate and history help in devising strategies for coping with this change? What might be the type of information most useful in this context? What are the pitfalls awaiting the unwary? These are the kinds of questions that led us to bring together experts from the natural and social sci ences with a strong interest in history, to promote discussion between workers in different disciplines by focussing on a common topic of great interest to society. The meeting was arranged in the framework of a "Hanse Conference" within the interdisciplinary program of the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, a foundation set up to promote interdisciplinary studies in collaboration between the universities ofBremen and Oldenburg. The aim ofthe Hanse Conferences in general is to provide opportunities for experts from different fields of the sciences and humanities to come together and explore the larger framework oftopics of common interest. What unites the partici pants is their desire to look over the fence to neighboring disciplines. Young colleagues who wish to build an interdisciplinary career are particularly welcome. In the Hanse Conference on Climate and History, we have endeavoured to build bridges between the c1imate sciences and the sociological sciences concemed with environmental impacts on human activities. The geological sciences, we feIt, are especially well suited to the purpose because they al ready comprise historical aspects.
Author :Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :940074336X Total Pages :439 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (7 download)
Book Synopsis Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones by : Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler
Download or read book Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones written by Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview on methods used for the dating of past torrential activity on fans and cones and fosters the discussion on the impact of past and potential future climate change on torrential processes. The book has a clear focus on the practical applications of these methods, complemented by case studies. The limits of each dating method in case of excessive natural and human interventions on fans and cones are shown.
Book Synopsis Annually Laminated Lake Sediments by : Wojciech Tylmann
Download or read book Annually Laminated Lake Sediments written by Wojciech Tylmann and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of papers presented in this book illustrates the recent progress made in varved sediment research and highlights the large variety of methodological approaches and research directions applied. The contributions cover monitoring of modern sediment fluxes using sediment traps; geochronological and sedimentological analyses of annually laminated lacustrine sediments or varves; and multiproxy investigations, including geochemical and biological proxies as well as spatiotemporal analyses based on multicore studies supported by satellite images and X-ray computed tomography (CT). The scientific issues discuss the influences of hydrological and climatological phenomena on short-term changes in sediment flux, the relationships between biogeochemical (limnological) processes in the water column and the formation of varves, the preservation of environmental signals in varved sediments, and possibilities of synchronizing varved records with other high-resolution environmental archives such as tree rings.
Book Synopsis Mid- to Late Holocene Flood Reconstruction from Two Varved Sediment Profiles of Pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (Southern Germany) by : Markus Czymzik
Download or read book Mid- to Late Holocene Flood Reconstruction from Two Varved Sediment Profiles of Pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (Southern Germany) written by Markus Czymzik and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit by : Jan Zalasiewicz
Download or read book The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit written by Jan Zalasiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it. The book discusses ongoing changes to the Earth system within the context of deep geological time, allowing a comparison between the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history.
Book Synopsis “The” Variability of Holocene Climate Change by :
Download or read book “The” Variability of Holocene Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments by : Vivien Gornitz
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Book Synopsis Polar Environments and Global Change by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
