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Author : David N. Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (829 download)
Download or read book A Study of Scaling for Intercycle Ice Accretion Tests written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A STUDY OF SCALING FOR INTERCYCLE ICE ACCRETION TESTS... NASA/CR--2003-211825... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... JUNE 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book A Preliminary Study of Ice-Accretion Scaling for SLD Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781721588008
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Quantification of Ice Accretions for Icing Scaling Evaluations written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comparison of ice accretion characteristics is an integral part of aircraft icing research. It is often necessary to compare an ice accretion obtained from a flight test or numerical simulation to one produced in an icing wind tunnel or for validation of an icing scaling method. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by overlaying two-dimensional tracings of ice accretion shapes. This paper addresses the basic question of how to compare ice accretions using more quantitative methods. For simplicity, geometric characteristics of the ice accretions are used for the comparison. One method evaluated is a direct comparison of the percent differences of the geometric measurements. The second method inputs these measurements into a fuzzy inference system to obtain a single measure of the goodness of the comparison. The procedures are demonstrated by comparing ice shapes obtained in the Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center during recent icing scaling tests. The results demonstrate that this type of analysis is useful in quantifying the similarity of ice accretion shapes and that the procedures should be further developed by expanding the analysis to additional icing data sets. Ruff, Gary A. and Anderson, David N. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2003-212308, NAS 1.15:212308, E-13891, AIAA Paper 98-0195
Author : Yiqiang Han
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Theoretical and Experimental Study of Scaling Methods for Rotor Blade Ice Accretion Testing written by Yiqiang Han and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Quantification of Ice Accretions for Icing Scaling Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gary A. Ruff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Analysis and Verification of the Icing Scaling Equations. Volume 1. Revision written by Gary A. Ruff and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study objectives were to evaluate the equations governing the ice-accretion process to identify proposed scaling parameters and to conduct tests to determine which, is any, of the proposed methods produced scale ice accretions. Study results include: (1) A set of equations that can be used to calculate test conditions so that scaled ice shapes are produced on geometrically similar bodies was developed and experimentally verified. (2) Posttest evaluation of the scaling parameters based on the actual test conditions was necessary for accurate evaluation of test results. (3) An icing similitude computer code, SIMICE, was developed to calculate similtude conditions using the verified scaling equations. (4) The equations were applicable over the range of meteorological conditions found in natural icing, with the possible exception of velocity. (5) Velocity is the primary limitation of the scaling equations. To maintain scaled flow fields and droplet impingement characteristics, both the model and full-scale velocities must yield a Reynolds number> or = 200,000 and
Author : Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs)
Publisher : BiblioGov
ISBN 13 : 9781289256593
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (565 download)
Download or read book Additional Results of Ice-Accretion Scaling at Sld Conditions written by Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs) and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine scale velocity an additional similarity parameter is needed to supplement the Ruff scaling method. A Weber number based on water droplet MVD has been included in several studies because the effect of droplet splashing on ice accretion was believed to be important, particularly for SLD conditions. In the present study, ice shapes recorded at Appendix-C conditions and recent results at SLD conditions are reviewed to show that droplet diameter cannot be important to main ice shape, and for low airspeeds splashing does not appear to affect SLD ice shapes. Evidence is presented to show that while a supplementary similarity parameter probably has the form of a Weber number, it must be based on a length proportional to model size rather than MVD. Scaling comparisons were made between SLD reference conditions and Appendix-C scale conditions using this Weber number. Scale-to-reference model size ratios were 1:1.7 and 1:3.4. The reference tests used a 91-cm-chord NACA 0012 model with a velocity of approximately 50 m/s and an MVD of 160 m. Freezing fractions of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were included in the study.
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781721799855
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)
Download or read book Additional Results of Ice-Accretion Scaling at Sld Conditions written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine scale velocity an additional similarity parameter is needed to supplement the Ruff scaling method. A Weber number based on water droplet MVD has been included in several studies because the effect of droplet splashing on ice accretion was believed to be important, particularly for SLD conditions. In the present study, ice shapes recorded at Appendix-C conditions and recent results at SLD conditions are reviewed to show that droplet diameter cannot be important to main ice shape, and for low airspeeds splashing does not appear to affect SLD ice shapes. Evidence is presented to show that while a supplementary similarity parameter probably has the form of a Weber number, it must be based on a length proportional to model size rather than MVD. Scaling comparisons were made between SLD reference conditions and Appendix-C scale conditions using this Weber number. Scale-to-reference model size ratios were 1:1.7 and 1:3.4. The reference tests used a 91-cm-chord NACA 0012 model with a velocity of approximately 50 m/s and an MVD of 160 m. Freezing fractions of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were included in the study. Bond, Thomas H. (Technical Monitor) and Anderson, David N. and Tsao, Jen-Ching Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2005-213850, E-15220, AIAA Paper 2003-0390
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781721799886
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)
Download or read book Overview of Icing Physics Relevant to Scaling written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of icing physics is required for the development of both scaling methods and ice-accretion prediction codes. This paper gives an overview of our present understanding of the important physical processes and the associated similarity parameters that determine the shape of Appendix C ice accretions. For many years it has been recognized that ice accretion processes depend on flow effects over the model, on droplet trajectories, on the rate of water collection and time of exposure, and, for glaze ice, on a heat balance. For scaling applications, equations describing these events have been based on analyses at the stagnation line of the model and have resulted in the identification of several non-dimensional similarity parameters. The parameters include the modified inertia parameter of the water drop, the accumulation parameter and the freezing fraction. Other parameters dealing with the leading edge heat balance have also been used for convenience. By equating scale expressions for these parameters to the values to be simulated a set of equations is produced which can be solved for the scale test conditions. Studies in the past few years have shown that at least one parameter in addition to those mentioned above is needed to describe surface-water effects, and some of the traditional parameters may not be as significant as once thought. Insight into the importance of each parameter, and the physical processes it represents, can be made by viewing whether ice shapes change, and the extent of the change, when each parameter is varied. Experimental evidence is presented to establish the importance of each of the traditionally used parameters and to identify the possible form of a new similarity parameter to be used for scaling. Anderson, David N. and Tsao, Jen-Ching Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2005-213851, Rept-2003-01-2130, E-15221
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nathalie Alegre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Full-scale Runback Ice written by Nathalie Alegre and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The runback ice phenomenon is well-known for anti-icing or de-icing systemswhen the system is not evaporating 100% of the water impinging the surface. The water runs back to the point where the added heat no longer raisesthe surface temperature above freezing. The water freezes behind this limit. No runback ice is tolerated for some flight configurations, but not for all. Then for o.-design cases, some runback ice may grow on the wings surface. However, data from full-scale realistic runback ice is not very well-known byaircraft manufacturers and they are not sure what thickness is allowed beforethe e.ect of the ice on the flow becomes too adverse. To better understand full-scale high-fidelity runback ice growth and how itcan be simulated with simplistic shapes, test campaigns and CFD studieswere undertaken. First of all, tests in the Cranfield icing tunnel were performed. In this work, full-scale runback ice shapes were grown on a modelwith a full-scale leading edge equiped with an electrical heating system. Aninnovative moulding and casting technique has been introduced which allowedthe production of 3D planarised full-scale realistic runback ice castings. Inparallel to the icing tunnel tests, a mass and energy balance has been computedon Excel. This energy and mass balance can predict the heat andmass fluxes involved in the runback ice accretion mechanism. Following this, aerodynamic tests of the ice castings were lead in one of the low speed windtunnels at Cranfield University. The aerodynamics of simplistic shapes suchas geometrical shapes or ballotini layers were also studied. The e.ects of theice castings on the flow were compared to the e.ects of the simplistic shapes. The tests were done on a flat surface and not on an airfoil due to technicalcomplications. The boundary layer displacement thickness was the parameterused to quantify the e.ect of the shapes on the flow. 2D CFD simulationswere performed as a support to the testing but as well to compare with theexperimental data. The CFD simulations were for steady or unsteady flow. It has been possible to grow full-scale ice shapes in a relatively small icingtunnel. The shapes have been successfuly moulded and cast using siliconeand plaster mixed with polymer. A catalogue of runback ice shapes for differentliquid water content, heat inputs and positions along the chord hasbeen recorded. Following the wind tunnel tests, it has been possible to find arelationship between the real ice and the simplistic shapes. Thin runback iceshapes (4 mm) has a similar e.ect on the flow as a layer of 1 mm ballotini. It was found that thicker ice shapes, of the order of 1 cm, is equivalent to arectangle with rounded corner, associated with 1mm ballotini. The triangleshape which is usually used to simulate runback ice by the aircraft manufacturers, was found to be the most aerodynamically penalising simplisitc shapethat has been investigated in this PhD project. It was found that roundedcorners greatly improve the representativeness of the simplistic shapes, suchas triangle or rectangle.
Author : David N. Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Ice-accretion scaling using water-film thickness parameters written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eugene Hill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Investigations of Performance of Pneumatic Deicing Boots, Surface Ice Detectors and Scaling of Intercycle Ice written by Eugene Hill and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report represents the results from collaborative icing wind tunnel and flight test investigations of pneumatic deicing boot deicing performance. Also presented are the results of icing wind tunnel investigations into ice accumulations prior to activation of an ice protection system, scaling of intercycle ice accretions, and detection of ice accretion aft of the deicing boots using commercially available surface ice detectors. A 36-inch chord hybrid model of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 23012 airfoil, with leading-edge ordinates of a 72-inch, full-scale airfoil, was used for the investigations. The tests were part of a collaborative icing research program of the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goodrich Aerospace Corporation, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A (EMBRAER), and other airplane manufacturers. Ice shapes were documented with photographs, video recordings, tracings, and ice thickness measurements. Selected cases of special interest were documented with molds from which ice castings were made. These castings are available for subsequent aerodynamic testing and other purposes.
Author : David N. Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Additional Results of Ice-accretion Scaling at SLD Conditions written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
