A Study Of Concrete Freeze Thaw Durability And Air Void Parameters

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A Study of Concrete Freeze-thaw Durability and Air Void Parameters

Author : Frederick Williamson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study of Concrete Freeze-thaw Durability and Air Void Parameters by : Frederick Williamson

Download or read book A Study of Concrete Freeze-thaw Durability and Air Void Parameters written by Frederick Williamson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the knowledge that concrete freeze-thaw durability depends on the number, size, and spacing of air voids throughout the mass, rather than on the total volume of entrained air voids, study of the air void system of hardened concrete has become concentrated on the determination of significant air void parameters. This thesis presents the results of an investigation to determine relationships between freeze-thaw durability and air void parameters of hardened concrete. Specifically, the objective of this study was to establish the pattern of the relationships between concrete durability and both the void spacing factor and the specific surface of the voids. Eighteen concrete mixes, representing six air contents up to approximately nine per cent by volume, and three common cement contents, were prepared and tested during this program. Air void parameters of the hardened concrete, as determined by the lineal traverse method of microscopic examination (A.S.T.M. C 457 - 60T), were measured and related to freeze-thaw durability data obtained from tests performed in accordance with A.S.T.M. procedure C 290 - 57T. Compressive strength data were also obtained for all concrete mixes prepared. Compressive strength test results verified the well-known relationships involving strength, age, cement content, air content, and water-cement ratio. The most significant test results available from this investigation are those relating concrete freeze-thaw durability and air void parameters. It was found that air entrainment up to approximately six per cent air by volume improved the concrete freeze-thaw durability, by decreasing the air void size and spacing, and increasing the specific surface of the voids. At air contents greater than approximately six per cent, further air entrainment did not significantly improve the freeze-thaw durability. Freeze-thaw durability was found to be practically independent of both cement content and water-cement ratio, for air contents above approximately two per cent. Protection of concrete from freeze-thaw deterioration is thus more effectively realized by air entrainment, than by variations in cement content and/or water-cement ratio. Observed data showed that relationships between concrete durability and both specific surface and spacing factor are non-linear. A rapid increase in durability with decreasing void spacing indicates a critical void spacing factor of approximately 0.005 inch, for conditions of these tests.

Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete with Marginal Air Content

Author : Jussara Tanesi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete with Marginal Air Content by : Jussara Tanesi

Download or read book Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete with Marginal Air Content written by Jussara Tanesi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freeze-thaw resistance is a key durability factor for concrete pavements. Recommendations for the air void system parameters are normally: 6 ± 1 percent total air, and spacing factor less than 0.20 millimeters. However, it was observed that some concretes that did not possess these commonly accepted thresholds presented good freeze-thaw resistance in laboratory studies. This study evaluated the freeze-thaw resistance of several "marginal" air void mixes, with two different types of air-entraining admixtures (AEA)-a Vinsol resin and a synthetic admixture. This study used rapid cycles of freezing and thawing in plain water, in the absence of deicing salts. For the specific materials and concrete mixture proportions used in this project, the marginal air mixes (concretes with fresh air contents of 3.5 percent or higher) presented an adequate freeze-thaw performance when Vinsol resin based air-entraining admixture was used. The synthetic admixture used in this study did not show the same good performance as the Vinsol resin admixture

Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete

Author : J. Marchand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203627091
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete by : J. Marchand

Download or read book Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete durability in climates where freezing and thawing occurs is a continuing problem. It is particularly acute for highway and bridge structures, where de-icing salts are used to combat the effects of frost, snow and ice. These salts can cause damage to concrete and accelerate corrosion of reinforcements. This book presents the latest international research on this area, with contributions from North America and Europe which were presented at an international RILEM workshop.

Effects of Strength, Permeability, and Air Void Parameters on Freezing-Thawing Resistance of Concrete with and Without Air Entrainment

Download Effects of Strength, Permeability, and Air Void Parameters on Freezing-Thawing Resistance of Concrete with and Without Air Entrainment PDF Online Free

Author : Gilson Lomboy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Strength, Permeability, and Air Void Parameters on Freezing-Thawing Resistance of Concrete with and Without Air Entrainment by : Gilson Lomboy

Download or read book Effects of Strength, Permeability, and Air Void Parameters on Freezing-Thawing Resistance of Concrete with and Without Air Entrainment written by Gilson Lomboy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research is aimed at investigating effects of concrete properties, particularly concrete rapid chloride permeability, strength, and air void parameters, on freezing-thawing (FT) resistance. In this study, concrete mixtures are made with different types of cement (Types I with 15 % class C fly ash and Type IP cements), different water-to-binder ratios (w/b=0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55), and with or without air entraining agent. The 28-day compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, and FT durability of the concrete are determined according to ASTM C873, C1202, and C666A, respectively. The air void parameters of the concrete are measured with air void analyzer, Rapid Air, and porosity (ASTM C642) tests. The results indicate that although concrete made with a low w/b (≤0.35) has low rapid chloride permeability (≤1320 C), it generally still requires proper air entrainment for a desirable FT resistance (with a durability factor of ≥85 %), except for the concrete having very low rapid chloride permeability (520 C) and very high 28-day compressive strength (88 MPa or 12 760 psi). For the non-air-entrained concrete studied, there are clear relationships between FT durability and porosity, w/b, and permeability. However, such relationships do not exist for air-entrained concrete. The FT resistance of air-entrained concrete is largely dependent on the concrete air void characteristics.

Investigation Into Freezing-thawing Durability of Low Permeability Concrete with and Without Air Entraining Agent

Author : Kejin Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation Into Freezing-thawing Durability of Low Permeability Concrete with and Without Air Entraining Agent by : Kejin Wang

Download or read book Investigation Into Freezing-thawing Durability of Low Permeability Concrete with and Without Air Entraining Agent written by Kejin Wang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of low-permeability concrete, made with reduced water-to-binder ratios (w/b) and/or supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), on the need for air entrainment to achieve freezing-thawing (F-T) durability. In the present study, concrete mixes were made with different types of cement (Type I and IP), with or without fly ash replacement (15%), with different water-to-binder ratios (w/b=0.25, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55), and with or without air entraining agent (AEA). All concrete mixtures were controlled to have a similar slump by using different dosages of superplasticizer. The rapid chloride permeability and F-T durability of the concrete samples were determined according to ASTM C1202 and ASTM C666A, respectively. The air void structure of the concrete was studied using the Air Void Analyzer, Rapid Air, and porosity tests (ASTM C642). In addition, the general concrete properties, such as slump, air content, unit weight, and 28-day compressive strength, were evaluated. The results indicate that all concrete mixes with proper air entrainment (ASTM C23 air content greater than or equal to 6%) showed good F-T resistance (durability factor greater than or equal to 86%). All concrete mixes without AEA showed poor F-T resistance (durability factor less than 40%), except for one mix that had very low permeability and high strength. This was the concrete made with Type IP cement and with a w/b of 0.25, which had a permeability of 520 coulombs and a compressive strength of 12,760 psi (88 MPa). There were clear relationships between the F-T durability and hardened concrete properties of non-air entrained concrete. However, such relationships did not exist in concrete with AEA. For concrete with AEA, good F-T durability was associated with an air void spacing factor less than or equal to 0.28 mm (by AVA) or less than or equal to 0.22 mm (by RapidAir).

INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE.

Author : ZAFAR AHMED MALIK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE. by : ZAFAR AHMED MALIK

Download or read book INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE. written by ZAFAR AHMED MALIK and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-way analysis of variance showed that type of air entraining agent, quality of aggregate, and content of condensed silica fume have a major effect on freeze-thaw durability of concrete.

Report on Cooperative Freezing-and-thawing Tests of Concrete

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board. Committee on Durability of Concrete, Physical Aspects
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Report on Cooperative Freezing-and-thawing Tests of Concrete by : National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board. Committee on Durability of Concrete, Physical Aspects

Download or read book Report on Cooperative Freezing-and-thawing Tests of Concrete written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board. Committee on Durability of Concrete, Physical Aspects and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program of cooperative freezing-and-thawing tests of concrete specimens was conducted by thirteen laboratories using the four ASTM tentative methods of test. Three concrete mixtures were used, involving different aggregates and two different air contents.

Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666

Author : HN. Walker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666 by : HN. Walker

Download or read book Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666 written by HN. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spacing factor for the proportional number of small air voids ̄Lps as proposed by Walker in 1980 and the air-void parameters normally obtained by ASTM Practice for Microscopical Determination of Air-Void Content and Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete (C 457) were each correlated with the durability factor and weight loss found by ASTM Test for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing (C 666) Procedure A for 151 concretes. The correlation coefficients were examined, and it was found that for the durability factor the classical spacing factor from ASTM C 457 gave a slightly but not significantly better correlation than did ̄Lps. The 151 concretes were divided into three groups according to their source. In no case did the correlation obtained from ̄Lps significantly exceed the spacing factor calculated from ASTM C 457.

Report on Pervious Concrete

Author : ACI Committee 522
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780870313646
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Report on Pervious Concrete by : ACI Committee 522

Download or read book Report on Pervious Concrete written by ACI Committee 522 and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report provides technical information on pervious concrete's application, design methods, materials, properties, mixture proportioning, construction methods, testing, and inspection. The term 'pervious concrete' typically describes a near-zero-slump, open-graded material consisting of portland cement, coarse aggregate, little or no fine aggregate, admixtures, and water." [p. 1]

Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability

Author : Hollis N. Walker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability by : Hollis N. Walker

Download or read book Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability written by Hollis N. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The correlations obtainable from comparisons of the various air void parameters with the freeze-thaw durability of concretes are listed. It is shown that correlations are no better when only small voids are used than when the total void content is used. It is concluded that for most concretes, (1) the void parameters required by ASTM C-457 produce sufficient information to delineate the character of the air void system, and (2) that parameters such as the specific surface fore small voids only and the spacing factor for the proportional number of small voids add no useful information when the demarcation between large and small voids is at 1 mm diameter expressed on the plane of examination. It is recommended (1) that any further research deal with the entire void distribution by using the chord length distributions, and (2) that the various kinds of concrete be tabulated separately.

Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods

Download Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods PDF Online Free

Author : Mateusz Radlinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods by : Mateusz Radlinski

Download or read book Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods written by Mateusz Radlinski and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was conducted to verify whether the semi-automatic method of air-void system characterization (using a flatbed scanner) could be used in lieu of the manual (ASTM C457) method. This research objective was accompanied by evaluating the critical air-void system parameters required to ensure freeze-thaw resistance of ternary concrete containing ordinary portland cement (OPC), 20 % of fly ash (FA), and 5 % of silica fume (SF). It was observed that, due to adverse effect of high superplasticizer dosage on air-void system quality (particularly on specific surface), the majority of high slump ternary mixtures exhibited poor freeze-thaw resistance, even if spacing factor was below the 0.20 mm recommended value. However, when the ternary mixtures were prepared with slump below the limit commonly specified for bridge deck applications (190 mm), the critical air-void system parameters of the OPC/FA/SF concrete were comparable to those typically associated with adequate quality air-void system in conventional concrete. Furthermore, since the critical value of specific surface was independent of slump (i.e., superplasticizer dosage), specific surface appeared to be more objective and reliable predictor of freeze-thaw resistance than spacing factor. When comparing the semi-automatic and manual methods of air-void system characterization, a reasonably strong agreement was obtained for such parameters as air content, void frequency, and spacing factor. Although the results of these methods did not match perfectly, the data suggested that the flatbed scanner technique could be efficiently used for discerning between freeze-thaw durable and non-durable concretes.

Frost Resistance of Concrete

Author : R Auberg
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203627326
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Frost Resistance of Concrete by : R Auberg

Download or read book Frost Resistance of Concrete written by R Auberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book forms the proceedings of the international workshop to be held in Essen, Germany. This workshop summarises the conclusion of the technical committee's investigations into the resistance of concrete to freeze-thaw attack, specific in this to resistance with or without de-icing chemicals. It presents the RILEM recommendations on testing the freeze-thaw and de-icing salt resistance of concrete.

Freeze-thaw Durability of Concretes with and Without Class C Fly Ash

Author : Chengsheng Ouyang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Freeze-thaw Durability of Concretes with and Without Class C Fly Ash by : Chengsheng Ouyang

Download or read book Freeze-thaw Durability of Concretes with and Without Class C Fly Ash written by Chengsheng Ouyang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The freeze-thaw resistance of concretes was studied. Nine concrete mixes, made with five cements and cement-Class C fly ash combinations, were exposed to freeze-thaw cycling following 110 to 222 days of moist curing. Prior to the freeze-thaw cycling, the specimens were examined by a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEN) for their microstructure. The influcence of a wet/dry treatment was also studied. Infilling of ettringite in entrained air voids was observed in the concretes tested. The extent of the infilling depends on the period of moist curing as well as the wet/dry treatment. The concretes with 15% Class C fly ash replacement show more infilling in their air voids. It was found that the influence of the infilling on the freeze-thaw durability relates to the air spacing factor. The greater the spacing factor, the more expansion under the freeze-thaw cycling. The infilling seems to decrease effective air content and to increase effective spacing factor. The infilling also implies that the filled air voids are water-accessible. These might lead to concrete more vulnerable to the freeze-thaw attack. By combining the above results with field observations, one may conclude that the freeze-thaw damage is a factor related to premature deterioration of PCC pavements in Iowa.

Freeze-thaw Durability of Aggregate in Concrete

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Freeze-thaw Durability of Aggregate in Concrete by : National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board

Download or read book Freeze-thaw Durability of Aggregate in Concrete written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paper 1 presents laboratory freeze-thaw results as well as field observations on the major Michigan aggregate sources and is considered a first step in formulation of a policy regarding acceptance of future aggregates of unknown service behavior.

Studies of Freeze-thaw Durability, the Air Void System and Associated Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete

Author : Thomas Duane Larson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies of Freeze-thaw Durability, the Air Void System and Associated Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete by : Thomas Duane Larson

Download or read book Studies of Freeze-thaw Durability, the Air Void System and Associated Characteristics of Fly Ash Concrete written by Thomas Duane Larson and published by . This book was released on with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates

Author : M. Pigeon
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482271443
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates by : M. Pigeon

Download or read book Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates written by M. Pigeon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test pro

Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing

Author : Donald J. Janssen
Publisher : Strategic Highway Research Program (Shrp)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing by : Donald J. Janssen

Download or read book Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing written by Donald J. Janssen and published by Strategic Highway Research Program (Shrp). This book was released on 1994 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, aimed at improving the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete, consists of three parts. Part I evaluates parameters affecting the freeze-thaw durability of concrete. A modification of the existing standard of method for determining the durability factor of concrete specimens is proposed, and a new procedure for fundamental transverse frequency (used in durability factor calculations) has been developed. Part II focuses on developing better methods for identifying nondurable aggregates, and has resulted in a rapid new test based on the hydraulic fracture of aggregates. Part III describes field experiments to evaluate the freeze-thaw resistance of a number of specified concrete mixes and the use of sealants to mitigate D-cracking. Preliminary field performance results are presented.