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A Study Of Chinese Reflexives
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Book Synopsis A Study of Chinese Reflexives by : George Kuo-ming Liu
Download or read book A Study of Chinese Reflexives written by George Kuo-ming Liu and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Chinese Reflexives by : Xian Fu Yu
Download or read book A Study of Chinese Reflexives written by Xian Fu Yu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chinese Reflexives by : William Xian-fu Yu
Download or read book Chinese Reflexives written by William Xian-fu Yu and published by Peeters Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the Chinese reflexivisation system, investigating the different types of Chinese reflexive constructions and offering an analysis of these, in an attempt to integrate syntactic, morphological and discourse-related aspects of the phenomena. In Chinese, two distinct types of reflexive have been widely discussed in the literature: simplex reflexive ziji "self", which is a long-distance reflexive, and complex reflexive pronoun + ziji, such as taziji "himself", which must be locally bound. In addition, Chinese has a kind of double reflexive construction, such as ziji-benshen, and reflexive clitics zi "self" and ziwo "self". This book argues that reflexive clitics must be locally bound; and that under certain conditions, both simplex reflexive ziji and complex reflexives can be locally bound, long-distance bound, or even free in an entire sentence. This study proposes that every type of reflexive has two structures: one is an anaphoric structure, while the other is a logophoric structure. When a verb assigns an anaphoric theta role, the reflexive can have the anaphoric structure and the head of the reflexive NP is allowed to adjoin the head of the VP at LF. If a reflexive cannot receive an anaphoric theta role, it can have a logophoric structure. In the logophoric structure, the head of the reflexive DP must be a pro in order to receive the disjoint theta role from the verb.
Book Synopsis Reflexive Pronouns: A Theoretical and Experimental Synthesis by : Darcy Sperlich
Download or read book Reflexive Pronouns: A Theoretical and Experimental Synthesis written by Darcy Sperlich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive picture of reflexive pronouns from both a theoretical and experimental perspective, using the well-researched languages of English, German, Dutch, Chinese, Japanese and Korean. In order to understand the data from varying theoretical perspectives, the book considers selected syntactic and pragmatic analyses based on their current importance in the field. The volume consequently introduces the Emergentist Reflexivity Approach, which is a novel theoretical synthesis incorporating a sentence and pragmatic processor that accounts for reflexive pronoun behaviour in these six languages. Moreover, in support of this model a vast array of experimental literature is considered, including first and second language acquisition, bilingual, psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic and clinical studies. It is through both the intuitive and experimental data linguistic theorizing relies upon that brings out the strengths of the modelling adopted here, paving new avenues for future research. In sum, this volume unites a diverse array of the literature that currently sits largely divorced between the theoretical and experimental realms, and when put together a better understanding of reflexive pronouns under the auspices of the Emergentist Reflexivity Approach is forged.
Book Synopsis Constraints on Reflexivization in Mandarin Chinese by : Haihua Pan
Download or read book Constraints on Reflexivization in Mandarin Chinese written by Haihua Pan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1997. Mandarin ziji has challenged many syntacticians to probe for its properties and specifically its relationship to Binding Condition A (BCA), which dictates that an anaphor must be bound by a syntactically prominent (or c-commanding) noun phrase in a very local domain (Governing Category or GC). This book argues for the separation of contrastive and non-contrastive reflexives. This book will also show that ben-ren/shen and their compound forms, being inherently contrastive, differ from ziji and its compound forms in the contexts accessible to them; the latter can access linguistic contexts only, but the former can also access utterance situations and world knowledge.
Book Synopsis A Study of Reflexives in Chinese by :
Download or read book A Study of Reflexives in Chinese written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long Distance Reflexives by : Peter Cole
Download or read book Long Distance Reflexives written by Peter Cole and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2000-10-17 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume serves to focus and clarify the debate surrounding long-distance reflexives by examining the role of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics/discourse in the use of long-distance reflexives in a variety of languages. It discusses a broad range of questions about syntactic categories and presents a number of theoretical frameworks.
Book Synopsis Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language by : Margaret Ann Thomas
Download or read book Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language written by Margaret Ann Thomas and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the debate about whether adult language learners have access to the principles and parameters of universal grammar in constructing the grammar of a second language. The data are based on two related experiments. The first examines the interpretation of English reflexive pronouns by native speakers of Japanese and of Spanish. The second experiment examines the interpretation of the Japanese reflexive zibun by native speakers of English and of Chinese. Three hypotheses are evaluated: (a) that UG is unavailable, and that processing strategies or other non-linguistic principles guide second language acquisition; (b) that UG is available only in the form in which it is instantiated in the learner's native language; (c) that UG is fully available, including the ability to re-set parameters to UG-sanctioned values not instantiated in the learner's native language.The results show that learners observe constraints defined by Manzini and Wexler's parameterized version of Principle A of the binding theory and support the proposal that adult learners have access to universal grammar. A final chapter reviews the experimental data in the light of recent accounts of cross-linguistic variation in the grammar of anaphors which reject parameterization of the binding principles in favor of a movement to INFL analysis.
Book Synopsis Long Distance Anaphora by : Jan Koster
Download or read book Long Distance Anaphora written by Jan Koster and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-09-12 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of original articles on the nature of anaphoric systems in a wide variety of genetically and structurally different languages.
Book Synopsis Prominence and Locality in Grammar by : Jianhua Hu
Download or read book Prominence and Locality in Grammar written by Jianhua Hu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the current consensus on the analysis of wh-questions and reflexives from the perspective of the syntax-semantics interface. An integrated approach incorporating analyses of the interaction between different levels of linguistic knowledge is proposed. It argues that the derivation and interpretation of wh-questions and reflexives are not purely syntactic in nature but are regulated by principles operating at the syntax-semantics interface. Two general principles underlying our knowledge of language and cognition are proposed in this work. One is the Principle of Locality, and the other is the Principle of Prominence. It shows that although wh-quantification and reflexivization belong to two different domains of study in generative grammar, their derivation and interpretation are basically constrained by the complex interaction between prominence and locality in grammar. The first part of the book discusses how wh-questions are formed and interpreted in Chinese and English and shows that the formation and interpretation of wh-questions are constrained by the interaction between prominence and locality. It is shown that in wh-interpretation prominence is used to define the set generators so as to licence other wh-words in the pair-list reading in multiple wh-questions. It also discusses wh-island effects in English and Chinese, and unlike previous claims made in the literature (cf. Huang 1982a, 1982b), it argues that the so-called wh-island effects in English are also observed in Chinese. The second part of the book investigates the role that prominence and locality play in reflexive binding. It is shown that in reflexive binding, the binding domain of the reflexive is defined by prominence. It proposes a unified account for both the noncontrastive compound reflexive and the bare reflexive in Chinese and shows that they are constrained by the same reflexive binding condition proposed in this work, though they employ different definitions of the most prominent NPs to determine their binding domains. Prominence and Locality in Grammar: The Syntax and Semantics of Wh-Quesitons and Reflexives is an important theoretical contribution to the syntax-semantics interface studies and can serve as a valuable text for graduate students and scholars in the field of Chinese, linguistics, and cognitive science.
Book Synopsis The Acquisition of Long-Distance Reflexives in Chinese as an Interlanguage by : Darcy W. R. Sperlich
Download or read book The Acquisition of Long-Distance Reflexives in Chinese as an Interlanguage written by Darcy W. R. Sperlich and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is concerned with the distinction between syntactic and pragmatic modes of communication, along the lines proposed by Givón (1979). More specifically Huang (2000) suggested that such a line be drawn between languages depending on how they regulate their anaphora. To test this distinction in my research, I assess the predictions of syntactic and pragmatic theories of anaphora against how learners of Chinese, from English and Korean backgrounds, acquire the Chinese simplex reflexive ziji. In terms of anaphora, English is a syntactically oriented language whilst Korean is pragmatically orientated, thus creating highly relevant experimental conditions when assessing for positive and negative transfer in their Chinese, which in turn regulates its anaphora largely by pragmatics. This is conducted via an experimental approach, making use of newly developed second language acquisition research methodology to investigate a learner's interlanguage, yielding very robust data. The results demonstrate that the English learners of Chinese transfer their syntactic strategies, which hinders their acquisition of ziji (negative transfer), while the Korean learners of Chinese transfer their pragmatic strategies, which assists their acquisition of ziji (positive transfer). The results also confirm that Chinese and Korean are indeed languages which heavily regulate their reflexives by pragmatics, and English via syntax - but even in English it is also shown pragmatics has a role to play. Ultimately, the investigation conducted along an experimental approach shows that theoretically, pragmatic approaches to anaphora suit pragmatic languages better, and syntactic approaches suit syntactic languages better, which in turn confirms the distinction between syntactic and pragmatic languages in their anaphora along the lines of Huang (2000), and also adding further credence to Givón's (1979) original proposal.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Verb Bias, Context and Tasks on Mandarin Chinese Reflexives by : Hsin-Yi Lu
Download or read book The Effects of Verb Bias, Context and Tasks on Mandarin Chinese Reflexives written by Hsin-Yi Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interpretation of Mandarin reflexives can be ambiguous, especially if there are multiple possible antecedents mentioned in the context prior to the reflexives. Misunderstanding between speakers and listeners can happen if listeners misinterpret the referent of the reflexives that speakers intended. For example, in English sentence 0́John knew that Peter likes himself0́+, the antecedent for 0́himself0́9 must be Peter. In the Mandarin equivalent, the antecedent of the reflexive could be either Peter or John. Thus, there is more ambiguity about the antecedents of reflexives in Mandarin than in English. Theoretical frameworks have been devoted to explain how multiple antecedents is allowed in Mandarin; however, it is not clear how people interpret Mandarin reflexives from a processing perspective. This study investigated the issue from such perspective, exploring people0́9s preferences for interpreting Mandarin reflexives. The study focused on how factors like verb subcategorization (i.e. verb biases, properties that a verb tends to take a direct object more than a sentential complement or vice versa) or context information influence such interpretation by using off-line and on-line reading times and event-related potential measurements. Time courses of when such decision was made were also investigated. Two self-paced reading experiments used sentences containing two possible antecedents for Mandarin reflexives ziji and taziji to examine whether verb bias properties influence the antecedent selection. It is found that whether there was any antecedent preference depended on the structural bias of the verb preceding the reflexive. For bare reflexive ziji, the distant antecedent was preferred after a verb that usually takes direct objects, but after a verb that usually takes embedded clauses, no preference was observed. For complex reflexive taziji which is thought to co-refer more to the local antecedent, it is found that local antecedents were indeed preferred, but only for verbs that take embedded clauses. After verbs that usually take direct objects, the distant antecedent was still preferred. These results were interpreted to mean that readers expected sentences to end soon after DO-bias verbs so they chose the most prominent available antecedent, which was the distant main clause subject. In contrast, after Clause-bias verbs they expected a longer sentence so they waited for further disambiguating information, causing prominence to have less impact. Consistent with this interpretation, in another self-paced reading study with a context sentence preceding the same target sentences, there was again an antecedent preference only after Clause-bias verbs, but the preference was for whichever of the possible antecedents was made more prominent by mentioning it in the context sentence. Two off-line completion tasks and forced-choice tasks were used to investigate people0́9s antecedent preferences for both Mandarin bare and complex reflexive interpretations given no time constraint. The results of the completion task for bare reflexive were consistent with native speakers0́9 intuition as described in the literature, whereas the forced-choice task results were similar to what was found in the reading time experiments. Both off-line results for complex reflexive showed that there was a strong tendency for complex reflexive to co-refer to local antecedents; however, this tendency was only observed in sentences with SC-bias verbs. After DO-bias verbs, people were affected greatly by the presence of long distance antecedents, suggesting that long distance nouns attracted people0́9s selections even for complex reflexive taziji, which is usually thought to be locally bound in the literatures. The findings of on-line and off-line studies were taken together to show that verb biases and context have a great influence on the antecedent selection and the time courses of the reflexive resolution. Readers might choose to resolve or not to resolve the reflexive ambiguity on-line, depending on the on-line and off-line task demands. ERPs evoked by the disambiguating verb showed more negativity in a 300-500ms window over frontal scalp regions when sentences were disambiguated toward local antecedents than when they were disambiguated toward distant antecedents. This was taken to suggest that people might in general have more difficulty integrating disambiguating verbs consistent with local antecedents during reflexive resolution. If people take distant antecedents as the default interpretation of the reflexive, when the meaning of the disambiguating verb suggests otherwise, they have to switch to the local antecedent, resulting in more frontal negativity from integration difficulty and increased ambiguity about the antecedent of the reflexive.
Book Synopsis Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns in English and Mandarin Chinese by : Lin Wang
Download or read book Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns in English and Mandarin Chinese written by Lin Wang and published by PL Academic Research. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book studies intensifiers and reflexive pronouns between two languages (English and Mandarin Chinese). It provides the full use of self, zìjĭ and běnrén and is the first book that uses contrastive study to talk about intensifiers and reflexive pronouns. It is based on the most distinctive research of the latest 30 years in the linguistic field.
Book Synopsis Language Contact and Change in Chinese by : Guangshun Cao
Download or read book Language Contact and Change in Chinese written by Guangshun Cao and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book sheds light on the fascinating evolution of contact-induced grammatical features in Chinese syntax. For more than two thousand years, Chinese has been in large scale language contact with languages such as Sanskrit, Mongolian, and Manchurian. Originally published in Chinese in renowned academic journals, the contributions are made available for the first time to the English speaking world.
Book Synopsis Confucianism and Reflexive Modernity by : Sang-Jin Han
Download or read book Confucianism and Reflexive Modernity written by Sang-Jin Han and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Confucianism and Reflexive Modernity criticizes the paradigm of Asian Value Debate and defends a balance between individual empowerment and flourishing community for human rights in the context of global risk society from an enlightened post-Confucianism perspective.
Book Synopsis Chinese Discourse Studies by : S. xu
Download or read book Chinese Discourse Studies written by S. xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese Discourse Studies presents an innovative and systematic approach to discourse and communication in contemporary China. Incorporating Chinese philosophy and theory, it offers not only a distinct cultural paradigm in the field, but also a culturally sensitive and effective tool for studying Chinese discourses.
Book Synopsis Second language acquisition of English reflexives by Taiwanese speakers of Mandarin Chinese by : Guy Matthews
Download or read book Second language acquisition of English reflexives by Taiwanese speakers of Mandarin Chinese written by Guy Matthews and published by 秀威出版. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into how the relationship between reflexives and their antecedents is acquired - an integrated syntactic and semantic account.【秀威資訊科技股份有限公司製作】