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A Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Spider Genus Oxysoma Nicolet Araneae
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Book Synopsis A Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spider Genus Oxysoma Nicolet (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) by : Santiago Aisen
Download or read book A Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spider Genus Oxysoma Nicolet (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) written by Santiago Aisen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the spider genus Oxysoma Nicolet, with most of its species endemic from the southern temperate forests in Chile and Argentina, and present a phylogenetic analysis including seven species, of which three are newly described in this study (O. macrocuspis new species, O. kuni new species, and O. losruiles new species, all from Chile), together with other 107 representatives of Anyphaenidae. New geographical records and distribution maps are provided for all species, with illustrations and reviewed diagnoses for the genus and the four previously known species (O. punctatum Nicolet, O. saccatum (Tullgren), O. longiventre (Nicolet) and O. itambezinho Ramírez). The phylogenetic analysis using cladistic methods is based on 264 previously defined characters plus one character that arises from this study. The three new species are closely related with Oxysoma longiventre, and this four species compose what we define as the Oxysoma longiventrespecies group. The phylogenetic analysis did not retrieve the monophyly of Oxysoma, which should be reevaluated in the future, together with the genus Tasata.
Book Synopsis The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) by : Martín J. Ramírez
Download or read book The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) written by Martín J. Ramírez and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cladistic phylogenetic analysis at generic level of the subfamily Amaurobioidinae is presented. The analysis is based on a dataset of 93 representative species scored for one behavioral and 199 morphological characters. Tree searches were made under equal and implied weights according to homoplasy, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity to jackknife resampling. Mildest weighting functions produced trees more robust to resampling, and those results were selected as the working phylogenetic hypotheses. Groups of weak support as identified by jackknifing and Bremer indices are in general those that vary in resolution with different character-weighting schemes. Seven outgroup representatives were included (Malenella nana Ramírez, from Malenellinae, and six Anyphaeninae species). In this analysis Anyphaeninae, previously identified as sister group of Amaurobioidinae, is paraphyletic, but forcing its monophyly does not alter the groupings within Amaurobioidinae. The monophyly of the genera is in general well supported, but some particularly conflicting groups are discussed. In contrast, the relationships among genera are in general problematic. Amaurobioidinae is diagnosed by a pronounced indentation at the base of male palpal tegulum, and by a particular male copulatory bulb conformation, with a paramedian apophysis. The subfamily is classified in two tribes (Gayennini and Amaurobioidini); the genus Josa Keyserling, probably sister group to Gayennini, is not assigned to either tribe. The tribe Amaurobioidini is mainly diagnosed by an apical loop of the sperm duct in the male copulatory bulb. It includes 10 genera: Amaurobioides O.P.-Cambridge is restricted to seashores of southern continents. Clubiona chilensis Nicolet, transferred to Amaurobioides, is the first true record of the genus for South America. The male of Axyracrus elegans Simon, three species of Aysenia Tullgren, and three of Coptoprepes Simon are newly described. Four new genera are proposed in Amaurobioidini: Gamakia, Selknamia (described for one new species each), Aysenoides (for three new species), and Negayan (type species Gayenna tridentata Simon, including also Axyracrus coccineus Mello-Leitão, Clubiona paduana Karsch, Gayenna excepta Tullgren, Gayenna exigua Mello-Leitão, and Tomopisthes lebruni Simon). The previously revised genera Acanthoceto Mello-Leitão and Ferrieria Tullgren are also included in the tribe. The basal branch and most intergeneric branches of the tribe have low support values. Amaurobioides and Negayan, however, are relatively well supported. The tribe Gayennini is well defined by a homogeneous conformation of male and female genitalia, with a distinctive secondary conductor and spherical spermathecae. It includes 11 genera: Gayenna Nicolet includes only G. americana Nicolet from Chile and adjacent Argentina. Arachosia O.P.-Cambridge comprises many species previously assigned to Oxysoma. Abuzaida striata Keyserling, Anyphaena oblonga Keyserling, Gayenna proseni Mello-Leitão, Gayenna duplovittata Mello-Leitão, Gayenna bonneti Mello-Leitão, Oxysoma dubium Berland, Oxysoma bifasciatum Mello-Leitão, Oxysoma cubana Banks, Oxysoma polytrichium Mello-Leitão, Phidyle bergi Simon, and Samuza praesignis Keyserling are transferred to Arachosia. The males of Arachosia bergi (Simon), A. honesta Keyserling, and Arachosia praesignis (Keyserling) are newly described. Arachosia is easily recognized by the thick setae on the anterior lateral spinnerets, and it has good support values. A very diverse group of species here assigned to the genus Sanogasta Mello-Leitão is paraphyletic in terms of Arachosia. It includes many of the species formerly placed in Gayenna Nicolet. Anyphaena maculatipes Keyserling, Clubiona maculosa Nicolet, Gayenna paucilineata Mello-Leitão, Gayenna alticola Simon, Gayenna bonariensis Mello-Leitão, Gayenna rufithorax Tullgren, Gayenna x-signata Keyserling, Gayenna approximata Tullgren, Samuza minuta Keyserling, and Tomopisthes backhauseni Simon are transferred to Sanogasta. The female of Sanogasta alticola (Simon), the males of S. x-signata (Keyserling) and S. approximata (Tullgren), and four species are newly described. The males of Monapia carolina Ramírez and Monapia angusta (Mello-Leitão) are newly described. A new species of Oxysoma Nicolet from southern Brazil is described, and Gayenna saccata Tullgren is transferred to Oxysoma. Phidyle Simon is removed from the synonymy of Oxysoma Nicolet; the male of its only species Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet) is newly described. The genus Philisca Simon is redefined to include Liparotoma Simon. Clubiona tripunctata Nicolet and Clubiona gayi Nicolet are also transferred to Philisca. The male of Philisca hahni Simon and two species are newly described. The genus is reasonably supported, except for one basal species of questionable placement. Anyphaena punctata Keyserling, Gayenna fuscotaeniata Keyserling, Gayenna tripunctata Mello-Leitão, Gayenna reticulata Mello-Leitão, Gayenna taperae Mello-Leitão, Oxysoma quinquenotatum Simon, Oxysoma unipunctatum Simon, Oxysoma novum Mello-Leitão, Oxysoma lineatum Tullgren, and Tomopisthes frenatus Mello-Leitão are transferred to Tasata. The males of Tasata parcepunctata Simon, T. variolosa Mello-Leitão, and three species are newly described. Tasata albofasciata Mello-Leitão is transferred to Tupirinna Bonaldo, in the Corinnidae. Tomopisthes Simon includes only three species from Chile and adjacent Argentina. Clubiona horrenda Nicolet and Clubiona pusilla Nicolet are transferred to Tomopisthes. The male of Tomopisthes pusillus (Nicolet) is newly described. Two new genera are proposed in Gayennini: Araiya (Gayenna pallida Tullgren, type species and Gayenna coccinea Simon) and Gayennoides (for two new Chilean species). The genus Josa Keyserling, distinguished by a femoral apophysis on the male palp, is extremely diverse in Andean cloud forests and tropical America. It is one of the better supported groups of the analysis. Anyphaena keyserlingi L. Koch, Gayenna andesiana Berland, Gayenna simoni Berland, Gayennella riveti Berland, Haptisus nigrifrons Simon, Haptisus analis Simon, Haptisus maurus Simon, Olbophthalmus lojensis Berland, Olbus personatus Simon, Olbus gounellei Simon, Tetromma luteum Keyserling, and Tomopisthes chazaliae Simon are transferred to Josa. The male of Josa riveti (Berland) and one species are newly described. The following names are newly synonymized: Cluilius Simon, with Amaurobioides O.P.-Cambridge; Schiapellia Mello-Leitão, with Axyracrus Simon; Schiapellia gerschmanni Mello-Leitão and Amaurobioides boydi Forster, with Axyracrus elegans Simon; Tomopisthes magellanicus Simon and Gayenna strigosa Tullgren, with Clubiona (now Negayan) paduana Karsch; Tetromma Keyserling (preoccupied), Haptisus Simon, Olbophthalmus Simon, and Gayennella Berland, with Josa Keyserling; Anyphaena pilosa Keyserling and Gayenna riveti Berland, with Tetromma (now Josa) luteum Keyserling; Pelayo insignis Banks, with Haptisus (now Josa) nigrifrons Simon; Samuza Keyserling, Abuzaida Keyserling, and Gayennina Gertsch, with Arachosia O.P.-Cambridge; Tomopisthes tripunctatus Mello-Leitão, with Samuza (now Arachosia) praesignis Keyserling; Oxysoma ramboi Mello-Leitão, with Arachosia honesta Keyserling; Sanogasta intermedia Mello-Leitão, with Anyphaena (now Sanogasta) maculatipes Keyserling; Gayenna monticola Chamberlin, with Gayenna alticola Simon; Clubiona sternalis Nicolet, Anyphaena ignota Keyserling, Gayenna affinis Tullgren, Gayenna dubia Tullgren, Tomopisthes conspersus Simon, Tomopisthes modestus Simon, Tomopisthes taeniatus Simon, Gayenna skottsbergi Berland, and Tomopisthes injucundus Simon, with Clubiona (now Sanogasta) maculosa Nicolet; Tomopisthes kraepelini Simon, with Gayenna approximata Tullgren; Liparotoma Simon, with Philisca Simon; Philisca navarinensis Tullgren, with Philisca hahni Simon; Heteromma Karsch (preoccupied), with Tomopisthes Simon; Tomopisthes immanis Simon, Heteromma fuegiana Karsch, Philisca sica Strand, and Nonianus argentinus Mello-Leitão, with Clubiona (now Tomopisthes) horrenda Nicolet; Gayenna chilensis Tullgren, with Clubiona (now Tomopisthes) pusilla Nicolet; Gayenna stellata Simon, with Gayenna (now Araiya) coccinea Simon; Oxysoma punctipes Nicolet, Oxysoma aurata Nicolet, Oxysoma longipes Nicolet, Oxysoma lineata Nicolet, and Aporatea valdiviensis Simon, with Oxysoma punctatum Nicolet. The following names, previously listed in Anyphaenidae, are considered nomina dubia: Anyphaena pampa Holmberg, Clubiona albiventris Nicolet, Clubiona citrina Nicolet, Clubiona gemella Nicolet, Clubiona gibbosa Nicolet, Clubiona lepida Nicolet, Clubiona limbata Nicolet, Clubiona lineata Nicolet, Clubiona nigricans Nicolet, Clubiona nubes Nicolet, Clubiona pulchella Nicolet, Clubiona puella Nicolet, Clubiona versicolor Nicolet, Oxysoma auratum Nicolet, Oxysoma delfini Simon, and Tomopisthes aethiops Simon.
Book Synopsis Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders by : Carmen Viera
Download or read book Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders written by Carmen Viera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
Book Synopsis Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spider Genus Philisca Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) by : Eduardo M. Soto
Download or read book Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spider Genus Philisca Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) written by Eduardo M. Soto and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the spider genus Philisca Simon, an endemic of the southern forests in Chile and Argentina, and present a phylogenetic analysis including 15 species, of which five are newly described (P. atrata, P. robinson, P. viernes, P. pizarroi and P. robusta), together with other 98 representatives of the family Anyphaenidae. Four species names are considered nomina dubia (Clubiona gayi Nicolet, Drassus mirandus Nicolet, Clubiona altiformis Nicolet, P. obscura Simon). Cluilius chilensis Mello-Leitão is newly synonymized with P. accentifera Simon. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in P. puconensis Ramírez branching off basally in the genus, because of its numerous leg spines and unmodified male chelicerae, all plesiomorphic for the group; the remaining species form two clear groups. The first one, formed by P. hahni Simon, P. tripunctata (Nicolet), P. amoena (Simon), P. hyadesi (Simon) and P. doilu (Ramírez), are grouped by the loss of spines on legs I and II. The second, formed by P. huapi Ramírez, P. ingens Berland, P. ornata Berland, P. accentifera Simon, P. atrata and four new species endemic to the Robinson Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, have the male chelicerae, and in most cases also the endites, modified. In total, six species of Philisca are endemic to Juan Fernández, but our dataset is not conclusive for the distinction of alternative colonization scenarios. We analyze the evolution of leg macrosetae, and show two independent instances of reduction of spination, one on the continent and another on the Juan Fernández islands.
Book Synopsis A Taxonomic Revision of the Tarantula Spider Genus Coremiocnemis Simon 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with Further Notes on the Selenocosmiinae by : Rick C. West
Download or read book A Taxonomic Revision of the Tarantula Spider Genus Coremiocnemis Simon 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with Further Notes on the Selenocosmiinae written by Rick C. West and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Dieter Mueller-Dombois Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1441986863 Total Pages :905 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (419 download)
Book Synopsis Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands by : Dieter Mueller-Dombois
Download or read book Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands written by Dieter Mueller-Dombois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the leading authorities on the plant diversity and ecology of the Pacific islands, this book is a magisterial synthesis of the vegetation and landscapes of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. It is organized by island group, and includes information on geography, geology, phytogeographic relationships, and human influences on vegetation. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands features over 400 color photographs, plus dozens of maps and climate diagrams. The authors’ efforts in assembling the existing information into an integrated, comprehensive book will be welcomed by biogeographers, plant ecologists, conservation biologists, and all scientists with an interest in island biology.
Book Synopsis New World Tarantulas by : Fernando Pérez-Miles
Download or read book New World Tarantulas written by Fernando Pérez-Miles and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theraphosidae are the most famous and diverse mygalomorph spiders, and include some of the largest arachnids on earth. Their unique defense mechanisms, predatory tactics, reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations are displayed by a wide range of terrestrial, burrowing and arboreal species. These arachnids are familiar to the general public thanks to horror movies and a growing interest in tarantulas as pets; however, scientific information on the group is scattered throughout the literature and not easily available. This book reviews all major aspects of New World Theraphosid tarantulas and provides in-depth information on their evolution, taxonomy, behavior, physiology, ecology, reproduction, conservation and biogeography. As a comprehensive guide to the biology of tarantulas, it will appeal to researchers, students and terrarium hobbyists alike.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Biogeography of the Andean Region by : Juan J. Morrone
Download or read book Evolutionary Biogeography of the Andean Region written by Juan J. Morrone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: The first reference book to provide a comprehensive treatment of the biogreography of the Andean region Includes lists of the synonyms for each area and examples of the plant and animal taxa characterizing them. An extensive reference section serves as an entry point for more in-depth research on individual subjects Discusses the relationships between the areas, formulating hypotheses explaining the relationships of different biotas, based on track and cladistic biogeographic analyses Identifies cenocrons that were assembled in the different biotas Contains maps that illustrate the distribution of particular taxa, area cladograms and vegetation profiles This book presents a regionalization of the Andean region, based on an evolutionary biogeographic approach. Aimed at anyone wishing to understand biogeographic patterns of distribution of Andean plants and animals, the book provides a comprehensive treatment of three subregions, one transition zone, and 16 provinces. Lists of the synonyms and examples of taxa characterizing each area are given, and the relationships between the areas discussed, alongside hypotheses explaining the assembly of different biotas. Several maps illustrate the distribution of particular taxa, as well as area cladograms, diagrams and full-color vegetation profiles.
Book Synopsis Taxonomic Revision of the American Spider Genus Arachosia (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) by : Gonzalo D. Rubio
Download or read book Taxonomic Revision of the American Spider Genus Arachosia (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) written by Gonzalo D. Rubio and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the American spider genus Arachosia O.P.-Cambridge, and present a descriptive taxonomic study with a comparative dichotomous key including 21 species, of which seven are newly described (A. avalosi sp. nov., A. carancho sp. nov., A. kapiipeoi sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. monserrate sp. nov., A. pinhalito sp. nov. and A. tungurahua sp. nov.). Four species names are considered nomina dubia: Oxysoma dubium Berland, Gayenna duplovittata Mello-Leitão, Oxysoma polytrichium Mello-Leitão, and Arachosia sulfurea Mello-Leitão. Arachosia bonneti (Mello-Leitão) is newly synonymized with A. albiventris Mello-Leitão, and A. mezenioides Mello-Leitão with A. freiburgensis Keyserling. Previous problems with the identification of species in a species complex including A. cubana (Banks) are resolved. A disjunct distributional pattern is reported for A. kapiipeoi sp. nov.; a preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial COI sequences shows that these may correspond with two cryptic species. In this contribution, grassland and forests are discussed as the two main habitats inhabited by species of Arachosia. Finally, we propose a hypothesis of matching sexes based on functionality of some genital structures, involving sclerites of the male copulatory organ with structures of the epigyne: the prolateral projection on the primary conductor of the male would have a direct interaction with the lateral projections of the anterior pouch on the median epigynal field of females. Key words: Spider, American, Araneae, Anyphaenidae.
Book Synopsis A Catalogue of the Araneae Described Between 1940 and 1981 by : Paolo Marcello Brignoli
Download or read book A Catalogue of the Araneae Described Between 1940 and 1981 written by Paolo Marcello Brignoli and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sexual Selection by : Regina H. Macedo
Download or read book Sexual Selection written by Regina H. Macedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual Selection: Perspectives and Models from the Neotropics presents new sexual selection research based upon neotropical species. As neotropical regions are destroyed at an alarming rate, with an estimated 140 species of rainforest plants and animals going extinct every day, it is important to bring neotropical research to the fore now. Sexual selection occurs when the male or female of a species is attracted by certain characteristics such as form, color or behavior. When those features lead to a greater probability of successful mating, they become more prominent in the species. Although most theoretical concepts concerning sexual selection and reproductive strategies are based upon North American and European fauna, the Neotropical region encompasses much more biodiversity, with as many as 15,000 plant and animal species in a single acre of rain forest. This book illustrates concepts in sexual selection through themes ranging from female cryptic choice in insects, sexual conflict in fish, interaction between sexual selection and the immune system, nuptial gifts, visual and acoustic sexual signaling, parental investment, to alternative mating strategies, among others. These approaches distinguish Sexual Selection from current publications in sexual selection, mainly because of the latitudinal and taxonomic focus, so that readers will be introduced to systems mostly unknown outside the tropics, several of which bring into question some well-established patterns for temperate regions. - Synthesizes sexual selection research on species from the Neotropics - Combines different perspectives and levels of analysis using a broad taxonomic basis, introducing readers to systems mostly unknown outside the tropics and bringing into question well-established patterns for temperate regions - Includes contributions exploring concepts and theory as well as discussions on a variety of Neotropical vertebrates and invertebrates, such as insects, fish, arthropods and birds
Book Synopsis The spider family Micropholcommatidae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneoidea): a relimitation and revision at the generic level by : Mihael G. Rix
Download or read book The spider family Micropholcommatidae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneoidea): a relimitation and revision at the generic level written by Mihael G. Rix and published by PenSoft Publishers LTD. This book was released on 2010-02-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Micropholcommatidae are a family of tiny, distinctive araneoid spiders, known from southern-temperate habitats throughout Australasia and Chile. The greatest abundance of individuals and the largest diversity of taxa occur in the cool-temperate rainforests of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where micropholcommatid spiders can be very common within moss and leaf litter microhabitats. Although poorly studied biologically and largely neglected taxonomically, the Micropholcommatidae are a diverse lineage, with a significantÿ The monograph in this volume presents a complete generic-level revision of the spider family Micropholcommatidae. The phylogenetic position and internal phylogeny of the family are tested with two separate morphological cladistic analyses, the results of which inform a comprehensive generic-level classification. In total, 26 new species, 12 new genera, one new tribe and two new subfamilies are described, taking the total documented micropholcommatid fauna to 58 species. The distribution and Gondwanan biogeography of the family are also discussed, and natural history information is provided where known. Most importantly, the results of this paper present a taxonomic framework and a phylogenetic foundation for all future research on the Micropholcommatidae; a template by which new species can be described and existing species can be identified, and a valuable dataset for exploring phylogenetic hypotheses.
Book Synopsis The Great American Biotic Interchange by : Francis G. Stehli
Download or read book The Great American Biotic Interchange written by Francis G. Stehli and published by Springer. This book was released on 1985-10-31 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two rather different elements combine to explain the origin of this volume: one scientific and one personal. The broader of the two is the scientific basis-the time for such a volume had arrived. Geology had made remarkable progress toward an understanding of the phys ical history of the Caribbean Basin for the last 100 million years or so. On the biological side, many new discoveries had elucidated the distributional history of terrestrial orga nisms in and between the two Americas. Geological and biological data had been combined to yield the timing of important events with unprecedented resolution. Clearly, when each of two broad disciplines is making notable advances and when each provides new insights for the other, the rewards of cross-disciplinary contacts increase exponentially. The present volume represents an attempt to bring together a group of geologists, paleontologists and biologists capable of exploiting this opportunity through presentation of an interdisciplinary synthesis of evidence and hypothesis concerning interamerican connections during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Advances in plate tectonics form the basis for a modern synthesis and, in the broadest terms, dictate the framework within which the past and present distributions of organisms must be interpreted. Any scientific dis cipline must seek tests of its conclusions from data outside of its own confines.
Book Synopsis The South American Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution, and Dispersal by : William Edward Duellman
Download or read book The South American Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution, and Dispersal written by William Edward Duellman and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Spiders of New Zealand by : Pierre Paquin
Download or read book Spiders of New Zealand written by Pierre Paquin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the authoritative identification manual for the 57 spider families of New Zealand. It features more than 500 magnificent, detailed illustrations, a key to the spider families found in New Zealand, an introduction which includes notes on spider anatomy and some tips for specimen examination, and a comprehensive bibliography.
Book Synopsis Revision of the Orb-Weaving Spider Genus Verrucosa McCook, 1888 (Araneae, Araneidae) by : Arno Antonio Lise
Download or read book Revision of the Orb-Weaving Spider Genus Verrucosa McCook, 1888 (Araneae, Araneidae) written by Arno Antonio Lise and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves by : Joel Ledford
Download or read book Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves written by Joel Ledford and published by PenSoft Publishers LTD. This book was released on 2012-01-23 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spider genus Tayshaneta is revised based on results from a three gene phylogenetic analysis (Ledford et al. 2011) and a comprehensive morphological survey using scanning electron (SEM) and compound light micros-copy. The morphology and relationships within Tayshaneta are discussed and five species-groups are supported by phylogenetic analyses: the anopica group, the coeca group, the myopica group, the microps group and the sandersi group. Short branch lengths within Tayshaneta contrast sharply with the remaining North American genera and are viewed as evidence for a relatively recent radiation of species. Variation in troglomorphic morphology is discussed and compared to patterns found in other Texas cave invertebrates. Several species previously known as single cave endemics have wider ranges than expected, suggesting that some caves are not isolated habitats but instead form part of interconnected karst networks. Distribution maps are compared with karst faunal regions (KFR?s) in Central Texas and the implications for the conservation and recovery of Tayshaneta species are discussed. Ten new species are described: T. archambaulti sp. n., T. emeraldae sp. n., T. fawcetti sp. n., T. grubbsi sp. n., T. madla sp. n., T. oconnorae sp. n., T. sandersi sp. n., T. sprousei sp. n., T. vidrio sp. n. and T. whitei sp. n. The males for three species, T. anopica (Gertsch, 1974), T. devia (Gertsch, 1974) and T. microps (Gertsch, 1974) are described for the first time. Tayshaneta furtiva (Gertsch, 1974) and T. uvaldea (Gertsch, 1974) are declared nomina dubia as the female holotypes are not diagnosable and efforts to locate specimens at the type localities were unsuccessful. All Tayshaneta species are thoroughly illustrated, diagnosed and keyed. Distribution maps are also provided highlighting areas of taxonomic ambiguity in need of additional sampling.
